• 건축역사연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2000

In this research, we analyzed the activities of Japanese architectural offices in Korea during the Japanese occupation era, classifying them into two groups: first, Japanese architectural offices that had their bases in Korea, and second, Japanese architectural offices that had their bases in Japan. There were totally 98 Japanese architectural offices that had their bases in Korea during the Japanese occupation period. The number of those offices had increased rapidly since 1920s. Nakamura(the design of bank buildings), Tamada(the design of theaters), Otsumi(the design of Japanese style residential houses) can be regarded as the most remarkable Japanese architectural offices among them. We found that these offices already specialized in certain architectural planning fields, such as bank buildings, theaters and residential houses. It was also found that, during the Pacific War period, even privately-managed architectural offices were mobilized for the war by Japanese government, through designing munitions factories, etc. On the one hand, since some large Japanese corporations entered into Korea, many Japanese architectural offices, that had their bases in Japan, got into working in Korea and designed a number of buildings, with the exception of the architectural office of Vories, who was a Christian architect. Even though the place that the activities of these Japanese architectural offices were carried out was Korea, any factors of Korean architectural style couldn't be found In their works. This means that they just transplanted the Japanese modern architectural style in Korea.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

There are remains of Japanese gardens in Korea which were built during Japanese occupation in 1910-1945. However, systematic database has not been established for location, quantity, nor types of remaining gardens. This study is aimed at defining current status of Japanese gardens built in Korea. By categorizing types of remaining these Japanese gardens, we also aimed to build a systematic data base for Japanese gardens in Korea. This study was co-conducted by researchers from Korea and Japan. The team identified 17 Japanese gardens remaining in South Korea and categorized them into 4 groups; 1) Japanese garden built by Japanese in modern Japanese house in South Korea, 2) Japanese garden built by Korean in traditional Korean garden and 3) Garden built by Japanese in temples in Korea. (at request by Koreans). This categorization reveals information about the inflow of Japanese gardening culture into Korea and deserves to be an important part of modern gardening History. And the rest are 4) Japanese gardens built at Korean residence, but with much damage and alternation. In this paper, we present the findings to serve as preliminary data for defining Korean traditional gardens and for utilizing Japanese gardens in Korea as historical and cultural infrastructure.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.405-423
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• 2007

이 연구는 일제강점기 우리나라의 대학과 전문학교를 대상으로 이 대학과 전문학교에 있었던 도서관의 현황에 대해서 조사하였다. 부속기관으로서의 도서관은 경성제국대학도서관과 보성전문학교도서관이며, 나머지 도서관은 계 또는 과 단위의 부서에서 도서관을 운영하였다. 독립된 건물을 사용한 도서관은 경성고등상업학교 도서관과 보성전문학교도서관, 숭실전문학교 도서관이었고 나머지 대학 및 전문학교 도서관은 공용건물을 사용하였다. 직원수는 경성제국대학부속도서관이 12명으로 가장 많았으며, 그 외의 도서관은 1명에서 4명 사이의 직원으로 운영하였다.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.218-238
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• 2022

The loss of Korean sovereignty by Japan in 1910 was an unforgettable national humiliation of Korea who maintained the sovereignty for 5000 years. The process of Korea annexation into Japan was reviewed and its consequences to the food and nutritional status of Koreans were analyzed by using the records in Korea as well as in overseas. The records of the colonial Government-General of Joseon shows superficial figures distorting the actual life of Koreans at that time. Japan extorted 45% of rice and 44% of soybeans produced in Korea in 1933, and imported poor quality long-grain rice (Indica type) to replace partly the extorted rice. The food and nutritional situation of Koreans was miserable, and hunger and malnutrition were prevalent in the country for the 36 years. The height of Koreans became smaller than Japanese, who was called as 'little people (Oein)' in Korea historically.

• 수완나부미
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2016

The paper examined Southeast Asia as a whole and focused on similarities among countries composing what is now known as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In order to determine these similarities, the analysis focused on the fact that during World War II the whole of Southeast Asia was occupied by one political power: Japan. The policies the Japanese implemented in the region were to a degree very similar in terms of pressures and tensions that occurred in the different countries. The paper argues that these pressures and the responses of the various peoples of Southeast Asia instilled a nucleus of common identity in Southeast Asia as a whole. Basically, the policies that the Japanese implemented all over Southeast Asia were the following: the setting up regional administrations; the extraction of resources and emphasis on local self-sufficiency; the implementation of cultural Japanization; and local indigenization policies. The Southeast Asian responses that crystalized this joint Southeast Asian identity may be described as: accommodating and resisting the Japanese; commemorating portraying; and collectively remembering the era. The process of action and reaction between Japan and Southeast Asia was formative of this joint Southeast Asian identity.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.79-104
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• 2018

Chung Ji Yong is a well-known poet in the Japanese Occupation Period firstly as a lyrical and traditional poet as a member of the literary journal Simunhak(Poetry Literature) along with Park Yong Chul and Kim Young Rang and later as a prominent modernist poet in the late years of the Period. He is always highly estimated as a poet of pictorial images and lyricism, but his ardor for translations, especially Walt Whitman has been neglected so far. Before him, Ju Yohan, Yi Kwang Soo, Yi Un Sang, Kim Hyung Won and many other poets and critics had been interested in Whitman's democratic ideas and his poems. Chung Ji Young also translated Whitman's three poems in the hard days of 1930s. After the Imperial Japan surrendered to the Allied forces on 15 August 1945, ending 35 years of Japanese occupation, Korea was under the American forces and Russian troops. In this critical days of Korean's debating only one korea or separated Koreas, strangely enough, Chung ji Yong fully immersed in translating Whitman's poems only for four years as an English literature professor just before being abducted by North Korean Army, while almost discarding his own poetic ability and sense of duty as a leading poet in the literary circle with only just a few exceptions. Why did Chung Ji Yong focused on the translation of Whitman's poems in this important period as a poet and intellectual in the newly independent country? He may want to warn people too much ideological conflicts or at least express his frustration through translating Whitman's poems. Until now, academic endeavors on Chung Ji Yong's poems and life are focused on his lyrical and modernistic works of the Japanese Occupation Period and naturally little interested in the days of Independence period and his true motivations on translating Whitman's poems. As a proposal, this short article can be a minor trigger for the sincere efforts of Chung Ji Yong's last days.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제24권
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• pp.335-364
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• 1996

The colony education policy of Japanese Empire was, as a su n.0, ppression on national salvation education of Korean, on the one hand it was liquidation of Korean national spirit and other hand, it has the object to Japanizing Koreans through cramming Japanese language and its culture. During the Japanse occupation of Korea, the libraries had two roles, one was to press Korean and its culture and the other was to civilize Koreans for Japanizing. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of rural-mini libraries whether the former or the latter. From 1932 to The Chosun Governor- General Department (Chosun Chongdokboo) actively spread 'The Movement of Rural Development in Korea. At the same time there were many rural -mini libraries in Korean rural and fishing community. Under the colony of Japanese Empire, colony policy was itself very tough that Japanese Empire did their utmost ideas to win Korean culture over and Japanzing Korean with every possible pressures. Since rural-mini libraries were planned by the chosun Governor-General Department, however, were established by Korean themselves with the property of local education center( Hyanggyo). Therefore, rural-mini libraries were as facilities to promote rural economic development for providing Japanese with some materials which need to conduct a war, and to introduce local people to participate in civilizing activity themselves and farmers and fishermen were forced to group to be educated in Japanese language and its reading. Rural-mini libraries were, as it were, not as facilities for enlightening Korean peoples but as facilities for civilizing Koreans.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2015

우리나라에서 최초의 서구식 지질자원 조사 탐사활동은 한-독 및 한-영 통상수호조약에 따라 1884년도에 본격적으로 실시되었다. 이를 토대로 최초의 논문도 Gottsche에 의해 1886년도에 독일에서 게재되었다. 1900년대 초에는 대한제국의 독자적인 서구식 지질자원기술 확보 및 조사 탐사활동의 노력도 있었으나 불행하게도 일제에 의해 좌절되었다. 일제강점기에 일본인에 의해 전국토를 대상으로 체계적인 지질자원 조사가 실시되었고, 이 시기에 기본지질도 61매 작성과 지질조사요보, 광상조사보고 및 요보, 탄전조사보고 등이 발간되었다. 결론적으로 개화기로부터 일제강점기까지의 외국인에 의한 우리나라 국토에서 수행된 서구식 지질자원 조사 탐사활동의 의도는 순수하지 않았으나 조사 탐사 결과 그 자체만 판단한다면, 학술적 성과는 매우 크다고 할 수 있다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.721-738
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• 2015

This research analyzed emergency foods in Korea during the Japanese occupation through the food literature of that era, and attempted to determine the cultural history of food through recorded contents of emergency foods literature. The examination was mainly conducted on the basis of the four excerpts within the emergency foods literature of the Japanese occupation: "Emergency plants of the Joseon", "Wild Fruits and Plants of the Joseon", "Guhwangginam", and "Emergency Plants and How to Eat of the Joseon". After a thorough examination, each of the excerpts had unique data regarding amounts of ingredients, such as Namuls, trees, grain, and beans. "Emergency Plants of the Joseon" listed 142 Namuls, 54 trees,"Wild Fruits and Plants of the Joseon" listed 32 Namuls, 29 trees, "Guhwangginam" 4 grains, 205 Namuls, 84 trees, "Emergency Plants and How to Eat of the Joseon" listed five grain, three beans, 37 Namuls, and eight trees. Emergency foods literature demonstrated the utilization of various wild and edible plants as excellent ingredients for meals. Additionally, changes in traditional cooking methods using sugar, preservation through canning, and frying substantiate the subtle influence of foreign influence on Korean food. Perhaps the carefully structured components of the Korean food can be interpreted as a direct result of a scientific approach. It can be argued that creative application of methods ingredients, approach, of emergency foods is necessary to this modern age.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2002

Even though there have been greate changes in the types and contents of the housing plan in Korea since the Modem age, it seems that the identity of traditional dwelling culture is still remains within it. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics and features in the development of the 'Public Standard' Housing Unit Plan by comparing the differences and similarities in unit plans in housings built on Japanese occupation period and those built after the period. From the study, we can conclude as follows: 1. The public standard housing unit plans on both periods have shown the common features in the composition of their physical forms in the way that the front-row area still remains the traditional housing culture and the rear-row area reflects the desires of the modem lives. The structure of the dual-row unit plan appeared in the public standard housing plan was caused by the cultural acculturation in Japanese occupation period. 2. The public standard housing unit plans, however, show the differences in the contents and meaning in units plans with the them of the Japanese housing because of the cultural differences. These differences took placed autonomously through the change of housing plans in the modern time, and have the common features such that 1) the changes in the Maru-centered plan type differ in composition from the inner-corridor plan type used Japanese housing, and 2) the composition of the open-inner spaces in the double-row housing plan reflects the single-row outer open space In the traditional housing. All of these cultural progresses in the public standard housing unit plans was took place as the result of the inner-oriented and notional circulations derived from the modernity. However, the transformed unit plans still contains the identity derived from the variation of the traditional Korean building elements such as Maru and Ondol. In other words, those are the Maru-centered and composed housing plans with juxtaposition of the inner block and the outer block. As the conclusion, though the public standard dwelling unit plan has the similarity in the physical form, it is different in the cultural Identity and meaning from the public standard plans before the independence from the Japan occupation.