• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.62-69
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• 2006

"HanGaekChiHeom" is a book that arranged the medical records left by a Japanese doctor Junso Higuchi who treated a group of diplomats from Chosun and questions and answers exchanged between him and Chosun's doctor ChoSoongSoo. There are 14 kinds of medical records here with treatments and prescriptions as well as the detailed descriptions about the name, age and symptoms of patients. Various diseases and symptoms are included among them such as bums, common cold, skin diseases, edemas, etc. The characteristics of Junso Higuchi seem to be affected by medicine in Ming Dynasty in China.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2018

Western medicine was first introduced to Korea by Christian missionaries and then by the Japanese in the late 19th century without its historical, philosophical, cultural, social, political, and economic values being communicated. Specifically, during the Japanese colonial era, only ideologically 'degenerated' medicine was taught to Koreans and the main orthodox stream of medicine was inaccessible. Hence, Korean medical education not only focuses on basic and clinical medicine, but also inherited hierarchical discrimination and structural violence. After Korea's liberation from Japan and the Korean war, the Korean medical education system was predominantly influenced by Americans and the Western medical education system was adopted by Korea beginning in the 1980s. During this time, ethical problems arose in Korean medical society and highlighted a need for medical humanities education to address them. For Korean medical students who are notably lacking humanistic and social culture, medical humanities education should be emphasized in the curriculum. In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, human physicians may only be distinguishable from robot physicians by ethical consciousness; consequentially, the Korean government should invest more of its public funds to develop and establish a medical humanities program in medical colleges. Such an improved medical education system in Korea is expected to foster talented physicians who are also respectable people.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.11-17
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• 2009

This paper treats with transitional development of medico-hygienical situation in district Yanbian along with the evolution in specific field of medicine. This work is particularly important in shaping TKM identity as TCM embraces Chao medicine asserting it as one included in TCM. This research deals with themes of migration of Chao minorities to this territory and their medico-hygienical situation. Lifted bans on immigration in late Qing dynasty with uncertainty of Korea(Chosun) triggered the immigration to this district. The flow was heavily strengthened under the influence of Westerners and Japanese imperialism into china which consequently provoked the ruin of Qing dynasty, the civil war between republicans and communist and the socio-political changes in Korea. As population growths, the establishment of hospitals and immigration of healthcare professionals were also increased. Though this district is located in Chinese mainland the influence of Japanese was also relevant which lead to medical practice reflecting both sides. Mutual combination and influence of western(contemporary) medicine, TCM and TKM practices made the particularity of Chao medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.55-87
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• 2023

Objectives : To examine changes in Korean Medicine during Japanese occupation through major Joseoneo dictionaries. Methods : Based on the Keun Sajeon, published in 1957 by the Korean Language Society, the most recently published among the major dictionaries under Japanese occupation, key Korean Medical terminology in the Joseoneo Sajeon, published in 1920 by the governor-general of Joseon, and the Joseoneo Sajeon, published in 1938 by Mun Seyeong were analyzed. The differences among the dictionaries provided insight into the situation which Korean Medicine was in. Results : 1) There was a lack of consistency among Korean Medical terminology. 2) Changes in medical policies and legislation were reflected in the Korean Medical terminology without much delay. 3) Korean Medicine was distinguished as a separate category in the Keun Sajeon for the first time. 4) With the exception of Korean Medicine specific terminology, most were explained using 'modern' concepts and ontology. Conclusions : Modernization lead by the Japanese splintered many areas of Joseon society, and Korean Medicine was no exception. This transition period as reflected in the terminology within the Joseoneo dictionaries show that Korean Medicine went through a process of regulation by changes in medical policies and legislation, while new, modern studies brought in by the Japanese started replacing language and ontology of pre-occupation Joseon. A look into Korean Medicine during Japanese occupation through Joseoneo dictionaries allows us to examine the connection between Korean Medicine and the more broader historical context in which it was situated.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2013

Korean medical journals were continuously published during the period of Japanese colonization of Korea. Various advertisements by herbal drugs manufacturers were in these journals, targeting Korean medical doctors or students who aspired to be Korean medical doctors. The advertisements varied from small ones to large-scale ads. At first these advertisements covered only dried herbs, but with time, they came to advertise various kinds of drugs. Advertisement of merchandise drugs brought many changes to the medical culture of Korea. Korean medical doctors who only prescribed dried herbs before began to prescribe merchandise drugs as well. When treating patients, they not only used Korean drugs but also actively prescribed merchandise drugs and western drugs, showing an advancement in treatment. As Korean medical doctors played the role of providers of merchandise drugs, herbal drugs manufacturers and Korean medical doctors seemed as sellers and consumers on the surface. However, they maintained a relationship where Korean medicine worked as the common denominator. Among merchandise drugs, Yoeng-so-hwan, Bi-jeon-go, and Myeol-dok-hwan were advertised often, and this shows that people at the time suffered mostly from digestive diseases, skin diseases, and sexually transmitted diseases. Herbal drugs manufacturers were business managers whose main objective was to make a good profit, but they consisted a part of Korean medical society. Like Korean medical doctors, they were anxious about the fall of Korean medicine. As a part of popularization of Korean medicine, they encouraged Korean medical doctors to treat patients using herbal drugs and merchandise drugs. This thought was reflected well in advertisements and Korean medical doctors made use of this thought well.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.109-130
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• 2023

Objectives : The Dong-hwa Yakbang Cheobangcheol, a formulary on proprietary medicines created by Dong-hwa Pharmacy in the early 20th century was analyzed with a focus on characteristics of the formulas that were made and sold at the time. Methods : First, external features such as bibliography, table of contents, and descriptive style were examined. In content, licensure of listed formulas, ingredients, dosage form, manufacturing process, effects, properties were medically and pharmacologically analyzed. In this process, the Japanese Pharmacopeial Convention, legislation related to medicinal pharmacology during Japanese Colonial Period, and the Donguibogam were referenced. Results : In terms of form, the Dong-hwa Yakbang Cheobangcheol faithfully follows medicinal related legislation established in the Japanese Colonial Period. However, in terms of content, we could see that most of the formulas were based on the Korean Medical tradition, while Western pharmaceutical technology and chemicals were selectively integrated when necessary. Conclusions : The Dong-hwa Yakbang Cheobangcheol comprehensively displays the situation and goal of Dong-hwa Pharmacy, one of the most representative pharmaceutical companies in proprietary medicine of the early 20th century, in which it was under pressure to adapt to power for survival, while it strived to help improve the health of the people of the time by adopting strengths of both Eastern and Western medicinals.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2023

This paper describes the transformation of the knowledge system of Korean medicine in the early 20th-century colonial context of the 1920s in terms of 'identity formation'. At the time, newly introduced Western medicine was the dominant form of medical knowledge due to strong support from the colonial government but had did not enjoy popular support from the general public especially when compared to Korean medicine. Furthermore, the Japanese colonial government needed to utilize Korean medicine practitioners' labor due to a serious shortage of Western medicine doctors. In this context, Dongseo uihak youi (Essentials of Eastern and Western Medicines) provides an overview of the role of Korean medicine practitioners in the colonial healthcare system of the time. The book contains a figure of a 'modern' Korean medicine practitioner working within a healthcare system influenced by colonial modernity. The association of Korean medicine doctors at that time not only published Dongseo uihak youi but also attempted to establish a school specializing in both Eastern and Western medicines or integrated Korean medicine, which would produce "the Chosŏn doctors" (Chosŏn ŭisa) on a par with doctors trained in Western medicine. Although their attempts did not materialized, they provide a clue as to how and in what direction Korean medicine pursued its identity in the 1920s.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2009

The Sa-am acupuncture is the acupuncture method created during Chosun Dynasty. It is a unique acupuncture method that was created solely in Korea. Its theories are based on the 69th article of "Classic of Difficult Issues", or Nanjing (難經), which says "tonify its mother when deficiency occurs, and purgate its son when excess occurs" (虛則補其母, 實則瀉其子); the concept of "controlling the viscera which restrains the target" "抑其官" was added to this theory to form the principle of Sa-am acupuncture. It is significant that it turns to the basic principles of the Five Viscera and Six Bowels rather than the 體針 or 阿是針 of the existing acupuncure. Sa-am acupuncture was established in the middle of Chosun Dynasty and was popularized to the practitioners of Korean Medicine through transcripts and printed books. The medical books of at the time of Japanese imperialism that introduced Sa-am acupuncture are "經絡學總論", "舍岩鍼灸訣", "經濟要訣", "靑囊訣", "察病要訣", "濟世寶鑑", "經驗寢具編", and "舍岩 靑囊訣". The magazine that mentions the Sa-am acupuncture is "韓方醫藥". The books on Traditional Medicine that is related to Sa-am acupuncture were of great help in reconstruction of Sa-am acupuncture after the liberation of Korea and explaining the principle of Sa-am acupunture in various angles.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.173-188
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• 2001

There were six academic journals on oriental medicine, published in the era of Japanese imperialism(1910-1945). Six academic journals are "Han bang eui yak kyei 漢方醫藥界", "Dong eui bo gam 東醫報鑑", "Dong seo eui hak bo 東西醫學報", "Cho sun eui hak kyei 朝鮮醫學界", "Dong seo eui hak yeon ku hoi wol bo 東西醫學硏究會月報", "Dong yang eui yak 東洋醫藥". These journals were published 33rd volume with sequence. Research into these journals has derived the conclusion that the academic trend at the time were, firstly, the interaction between western and eastern medicine, secondly, researches on "Nai Kyung 內經", "Sang Han Ron 傷寒論" and finally, promotion of development of oriental medicine by looking at the advantages of western medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.195-253
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• 2004

There were six academic journals on oriental medicine, published in the era of Japanese imperialism(1910-1945). Six academic journals are "Han bang eui yak kyei 漢方醫藥界", "Dong eui bo gam 東醫報鑑", "Dong seo eui hak bo 東西醫學報", "Cho sun eui hak kyei 朝鮮醫學界", "Dong seo eui hak yeon ku hoi wol bo 東西醫學硏究會月報", "Dong yang eui yak 東洋醫藥". These journals published 33rd volume with sequence. Research into these journals has derived the conclusion that the academic trend at the time were, firstly, the interaction between western and eastern medicine, secondly, researches on "Nai Kyung 內經", "Sang Han Ron 傷寒論", "Dong eui bo gam 東醫寶鑑" and finally, promotion of development of oriental medicine by looking at the advantages of western medicine.