• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2002

본 연구는 자기가수분해전처리를 통하여 반응성이 높은 고순도 셀룰로오스기질을 제조하기 위하여 수행되었다. 공시재의 일반 화학조성은 일본잎갈나무와 신갈나무간에 큰 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 추출물함량은 일본잎갈나무가 신갈나무보다 상당량 많았다. 특히 냉·온수 추출물함량은 2.5~3.5배 많았다. 이러한 추출물함량의 큰 차이는 일본잎갈나무에는 arabinogalactan이 많이 함유되어 있기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 리그닌함량은 신갈나무가 잎갈나무바다 5% 정도 낮았으며, 그 대신 홀로셀룰로오스 및 펜토산함량이 각각3% 정도 높은 값으로 나타났다. 22 kg/cm² 수증기압력에서 5~60분간의 자기가수분해 전처리과정에서 glucose 함량에는 변화가 없었으나, hemicellulose 및 lignin 함량은 급력한 변화를 보였다. 전처리과정에서 가수분해물의 pH는 3까지 저하되었으며, 이러한 경향은 신갈나무 및 일본잎갈나무에서 동일하게 나타났다. Sodium chlorite 및 sulfite 혹은 bisulfite 전처리 후 자기가수분해가 리그닌함량이 낮은 고순도셀룰로오스기질의 제조에 효과적이었다. 특히 자기가수분해처리재를 알칼리 및 산소-알칼리 2단처리함으로서 0~0.2%의 리그닌함량을 가지는 고순도기질을 제조할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

Extracts from bark have been studied with a view to producing water-proof wood adhesives. Lately many softwoods, such as radiata pine from New Zealand and larch from Siberia, Russia, have been imported and utilized, and their residual barks would be expecting as potential raw materials for something useful chemicals. The great effort toward utilization of bark extractives as a chemical feedstock has been made on a worldwide level. However few report has been done for the utilization of tree bark extractives in Korea. Hot-water extracts were prepared from barks of Japanese larch(Larix leptolepis). Siberian larch(Larix gmelinii) and Radiata pine(Pinus radiata). The effect of various factors, such as particle size, liquor ratio, extraction temperature, and reaction time, on the extractive yields was discussed. Particle sizes affected the hot-water extractives: the finer the particle size, the higher extractives and extract efficiency. Higher temperature and higher liquor ratio were more effective. Extractives from Japanese larch were relatively less than those from Siberian larch and Radiata pine barks. Formaldehyde precipitates was the highest in extractives of Radiata pine barks. It could be concluded that Siberian larch bark was the best raw material for tannin adhesives, because its extractive yield was higher than those of the other barks.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

In a previous study, it was revealed that three major softwoods, Japanese pine, Korean pine and Japanese larch, heat-treated at $220^{\circ}C$, could produce high quality dark-colored boards. It is known that heat treatment decreases the hygroscopicity of wood. The hygroscopicity of major domestic softwoods and hardwoods heat-treated at $220^{\circ}C$ was investigated by a saturated salt solution method and compared with that of black and white charcoals. Equilibrium moisture contents of wood decreased with the increase of heat treatment time. Isotherm shapes of wood species were different from those of charcoals. Heat treatment decreases the equilibrium moisture contents of black locust more than those of Korean pine and Japanese larch. It was found that surface hardness of wood is improved by heat treatment to a certain extent, but a longer heat treatment causes thermal degradation, resulting in the decrease of the surface hardness.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 소나무와 낙엽송 스킨팀버의 ACQ-2, CUAZ-2, CuHDO-1 가압처리 특성을 평가하기 위해 소나무 변재부와 낙엽송 심재부 시험편을 대상으로 처리용 목재의 함수율이 방부제 처리도에 미치는 영향과 방부제 유효성분인 구리의 처리목재 내 정착 특성을 조사하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면 소나무 변재부는 방부제 종류에 관계없이 함수율 30%부터 사용환경 범주 H3용 처리목재의 침윤도와 흡수량 기준을 모두 만족하였다. 완벽한 방부제 침투가 가능한 소나무 변재부에서 깊이에 따른 방부제 흡수량 경사를 조사한 결과, 방부제 종류에 따른 차이가 관찰되었다. CuHDO-1 처리 시험편에서 발생한 경사가 ACQ-2와 CUAZ-2 처리 시험편에서의 경사보다 심했는데, 특히 고함수율(25, 30%) 시험편에서 경사가 저함수율(15, 20%) 시험편에서보다 심함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 난주입성인 낙엽송 심재부는 처리용 목재의 함수율 조건 및 방부제 종류에 관계없이 처리도 가 매우 불량하였다. 낙엽송 심재부의 처리도 개선을 위해 증기 전처리($121^{\circ}C$의 포화수증기 조건에서 12시간 처리)를 실시한 결과, 낙엽송 심재부의 침윤도와 흡수량 모두 사용환경 범주 H3용 처리목재 기준에 부합하게 처리도가 개선됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 소나무 변재부와 낙엽송 심재부 시험편에서 공히 방부제 유효성분인 구리의 정착이 비건조 양생에 비하여 건조 양생에서 빨리 진행되었다. 소나무 변재부는 양생 초기 3~6일, 낙엽송 심재부는 양생 1일 이내에 3주간 정착된 구리 양의 95% 이상이 정착되었다. 양생 3주 후 처리목재 내에 미정착 상태로 남아있는 구리의 양은 ACQ-2, CuHDO-1, CUAZ-2 순으로 많았는데, 이는 처리용 작업액에 존재하는 구리의 양과 비례하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2008

구조부재의 압축성능을 검토하기 위하여 낙엽송 소재에 대해 섬유방향 및 섬유직각방향 압축시험을 행하였다. 시험편의 길이와 가압판의 크기에 따른 압축성능을 검토하였으며 현행 기준의 최소끝면거리의 적정성에 대해 검토하기 위하여 다우얼 지압지점으로부터 시험편의 섬유방향에 대해 변형율 변화를 측정하였다. 가압판의 크기에 따라 압축성능은 다르게 나타났으며, 다우얼형 파스너의 최소끝면거리(end distance)는 내부변형을 고려할 경우 현행 7 D보다 높게 적용하여야 안전한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2012

Sustainable energy consumption and increasing $CO_2$ emissions stimulate Eco-friendly industry. Wood has positive various properties as alternative energy such as solar, wind and water. Wood provide lumber, pallet, paper, pulp and fuel through production process. Even Korea republic has 63.7% of forest rates, weather condition makes low forestry production capacity. For utilization of domestic small diameter log needs study mechanical properties. In this study, various properties tested on domestic Japanese Larch small diameter lumbers and make mechanical properties table for allowable stress calculation. Result of compressive test, allowable compressive stress is 13 MPa. Allowable bending stress is 12 MPa.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2003

The fixation and leaching characteristics of chromated copper arsenate (CCA Type C) and chromium- copper-fluoride-zinc (CCFZ) in domestic softwood (Japanese red pine, Korean pine, and Japanese larch) sapwood were investigated using the expressate method to follow chromium fixation and the American Wood-Preservers' Association (AWPA) leaching procedure to determine leaching properties after fixation. The rates of fixation were affected by preservative types; CCA was fixed much faster than CCFZ for all species evaluated. There were definite differences in the fixation rates of different species, with Korean pine requiring shorter to fix than the other species evaluated. Chromium fixation was greatly enhanced by elevated temperatures, and fixation time can be estimated according to fixation temperatures applied. The percentage of arsenic and zinc leached from domestic softwoods was relatively high compared to chromium and copper, indicating that there is still a relatively high unfixed arsenic and zinc components after complete chromium fixation in CCA-and CCFZ-treated samples, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2000

본 연구는 CCA 2호를 이용한 소나무, 낙엽송, 북양가문비나무 원추가공재의 가압 방부처리시 처리변수가 처리도(방부제의 침투깊이와 보유량)에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 처리변수로는 전배기 시간(30, 45, 또는 60분)과 최대 가압력 (8.5, 10.5, 또는 14.0 kg/$cm^2$)이 조사되었으며, 가압은 목재 내로 방부제가 더 이상 주입되지 않는 refusal point까지 지속되었다. 수종에 관계없이 전배기 시간의 30분 이상 연장은 처리도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그리고 가압력의 증가는 방부제 침투깊이에는 영향을 미치지 못하였으나 보유량에는 영향을 미쳤다. 전반적으로 볼 때, 방부제의 침투깊이는 소나무>북양가문비나무${\geq}$낙엽송의 순이었는데 변재폭이 넓은 소나무는 적용된 압력에 관계없이 사용환경구분 H5 지역에 사용할 수 있는 CCA 처리재의 최소 방부제 침투깊이를 만족하였다. 그러나 변재폭이 좁은 낙엽송과 북양가문비나무는 방부제 침투깊이가 깊지 않아 자상처리 등 처리도 개선을 위한 전처리가 필요하였다. 소나무의 보유량은 가압력의 영향을 받지 않았으나, 난주입수종인 낙엽송과 북양가문비나무의 경우 가압력 14.0 kg/$cm^2$ 에서는 유의성이 인정되는 보유량의 증가가 관찰되었다. 방부제의 목재내 침투가 종료되는 시점인 refusal point에 대한 처리조건의 영향은 불분명하였으나, 가압 소요시간은 북양가문비나무>낙엽송>소나무 순으로 변재율이 높을수록 전반적으로 가압 소요시간이 단축됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1997

The effectiveness of presteaming for improving CCA treatability on refractory Japanese larch heartwood was investigated in this study. Presteaming was effective on improving treatability, and the extent of improvement was dependent on moisture contents of wood specimen and steaming conditions. Green wood showed higher average value in both preservative retention and penetration than dry wood, and steaming under pressure conditions also had higher treatability than steaming at atmospheric conditions. The degree of improvement for treatability was increased with the extension of steaming period. Treatability of dry wood pres teamed under pressure conditions more than 6 hours and green wood for 3 hours was similar to that enhanced by conventional incising. Presteaming green wood under pressure conditions more than 6 hours was more effective than conventional incising in improvement of CCA treatability, and resultant treatability satisfied a minimum value required for CCA-treated wood for being used at the regions of hazard class H3 and H4. In addition, an improvement of treatability by presteaming was due to an increase in permeability resulted from the degradation of hemicelluloses within aspirated pit membrane and cell wall, not the removal of extractives from pit membrane. The reduction in strength, measured as longitudinal compressive strength, due to pres teaming was related with the degradation of hemicelluloses, and was increased as steaming conditions were severe. The degree of strength reduction associated with presteaming treatment to obtain required treatability could be quantified from the relatively good relation between the increase in treatability and the decrease in strength.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1997

Alkali-soluble extracts were prepared from barks of Japanese larch(Larix leptolepis). Siberian larch(Larix gmelineii) and Radiata pine(Pinus radiata) The effect of various factors, such as particle size, liquor ratio, extraction temperature, and reaction time, on the extracts yield was investigated. Particle sizes affected the alkali-soluble extracts; the finer the particle size, the higher extracts and extract efficiency. High temperature and high liquor ratio were more effective. In the range of 0.25% to 1% NaOH concentration, alkali extracts were increased with the increasing alkali concentration. However, extract yields were leveled off above 0.5% alkali concentration. Extractions with NaHCO3 were almost equivalent to those of NaOH extraction. 1% NaOH and 1% NaHCO3 resulted in the highest yields of alkaline extracts. Extracts from Japanese larch were lower than those from Siberian larch and Radiata pine barks. Siberian larch bark was the best raw material for tannin adhesives, because its extractive yield was higher than those of the other barks. Concerning pH of alkaline media during extraction, small increases of the extract yields were resulted at range of pH 7 to pH 9, while a large increases from pH 9.0 to pH 12. This phenomenon is attributed to higher alkalinity.