• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2015

This study developed eel teriyaki sauce and suggests conditions for its commercialization. Consumer preference tests were carried out with Korean (n=50) and Japanese (n=50) consumers. Grilled eel samples were made by teriyaki sauce with addition of Bokbunja juice, powder, concentrates. The preference tests were itemized for color, flavor, taste, salty taste, softness and overall-preference of grilled eel. Korean and Japanese consumers preferred flavor and taste, and the degree of overall preference was rated higher at 60% for Bokbunja juice, 20% for Bokbunja powder, and 40% for Bokbunja concentrate. Japanese consumers also preferred its color as well. The items of softness and overall-preference had good ratings.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2004

This study investigated the current processing degree and ingredients of sauce on the packaging of the commercial eel products made in Northeast Asia (Korea, Japan, China and Taiwan) and surveyedthe perception of nutritional functionality and purchasing pattern of Japanese consumers for the processed eels. The results are considered as a useful aid for preparation of processed eel products. The commercial eel products, purchased at a department store, supermarket and discount market, were divided by processing method, package quantity, storage method and sauce ingredients. The processing method was indicated in many different ways in each country, such as sauce ingredients and intake method. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 105 Japanese consumers (male 43, female 62) visiting Korea. Of the respondents, 44% answered and the major reasons for purchasing processed eel products were as a side dish for meals. The results for this factor were significantly different in relation to age (p <0.05). The degree of perceptions of functional excellence about processed eel products was well known (37%), some (49%), and seldom (14%). The results for this factor were significantly different in relation to age (p <0.001). Seventy-five percent of the respondents had experienced processed eel products. The type of purchase of the respondents was highest for vinegared rice and fish (47%), followed by freezing (33%), canning (5%), and dried food (4%), in that order.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.668-675
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• 2021

The infection status of domestic farmed eels Anguilla japonica, Anguilla bicolor and Anguilla marmorata with Japanese eel endothelial cell-infecting virus (JEECV) and anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AnHV) was examined at the major eel farming areas in Korea. These viruses were detected in all areas examined, regardless of the eel species or age. Any farm with a history of viral infection in adult fish confirmed the infection to be transmitted to stocked fry within 3 to 5 months. It is proposed that both viruses are horizontally transmitted within a given farm. The primary symptoms and histopathological lesions produced by the two viral infections are similar, making it difficult to distinguish the two diseases through clinical symptoms. Both viruses displayed 100% detection in the gills, suggesting that the gills are an optimal tissue for JEECV and AnHV monitoring. This study concluded that JEECV and AnHV were prevalent on eel farms across the country and caused very high mortality when the two viruses co-infected fry. Additional studies, including experimental infections, are needed to clearly understand the pathogenicity of each virus and the risk of co-infection.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1661-1667
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• 2004

본 연구는 국내 시장에서 어획된 생 원료 장어(붕장어와 뱀장어)를 찜, 숯불구이, 가스구이로 조리 및 진공포장하여 냉동 후 재가열하여 바로 먹을 수 있는 Cook/Freeze system을 단체급식 및 외식산업에 적용하고자 사업체 급식소의 한국인 피급식자(100명 )와 한국의 S업 체를 방문한 일본인 소비자(105명)를 대상으로 다음과 같이 소비자 기호도 검사를 실시하였다. 이상의 연구결과로부터 한국인과 일본인 소비자는 모두 붕장어의 경우 가스구이를 가장 선호하였으며, 뱀장어의 경우 한국인은 붕장어와 마찬가지로 가스구이를 가장 좋아하였으나 일본인은 숯불구이를 가장 좋아하는 것으로 나타났다. 장어종류에 따라 한국인과 일본인이 좋아하는 조리방법이 약간 다른 경향을 보였으나 일본인은 한국인과 비교해 볼 때 찜도 다소 좋아하는 것으로 보였다. 그러나 국내에서 장어를 가공할 때는 찜의 조리법은 별로 선호하지 않는 경향을 보여 가스구이나 숯불구이로 가공하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다. 소스에 인삼향과 송이향을 첨가하여 조리된 장어음식의 기호도를 조사한 결과, 국내 소비자는 일본인 소비자보다 모든 기호도 항목에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 특히 인삼 첨가군의 기호도는 일본인 소비자가 한국인 소비자에 비하여 상대적으로 낮게 평가되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 자극적이지 않고 담백한 일본의 음식에 대한 기호성과 관계가 있는 것으로 판단되며, 한국인과 일본인 소비자의 기호성에 적합한 장어음식의 소스개발이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2005

In the present paper, the immunostimulatory effects of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album Coloratum) on the non-specific immune responses of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) were examined. Eel were innoculated with mistletoe, Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control into their peritoneal cavities. The number of nitrobule tetrazolium (NBT)-positive cells in the head kidney of fish was significantly increased by the second day post-injection of mistletoe. ROI products were more enhanced in mistletoe-injected fish kidney leucocytes than in FCA-injected ones. The level of lysozyme activity detected in the serum of fish 2 days after injection with mistletoe was also significantly higher than that found in the serum of the control fish. The appropriate concentration of mistletoe to induce the highest level of serum lysozyme activity was revealed to 1000${\mu}g$/200 g of fish. In phagocytic activity assay, mistletoe-sensitized eel kidney phagocytes captured more zymosan than did the control fish. Korean mistletoe appeared to be a good activator of the non-specific immune responses of Japanese eel.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.860-868
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• 2014

The study was performed to investigate changes in hematological responses and antioxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT) of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica following exposure to 0 (control), 2.33, 4.60, 6,64 and 8.78 mM nitrite-N in fresh water for 48 h. Hematological parameters such as plasma nitrite, electrolytes, cortisol, glucose, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), hemoglobin (Hb), methemoglobin (metHb) and NADH-methemoglobin reductase (NMR) were measured. Plasma nitrite, cortisol, metHb and NMR increased directly with increasing ambient nitrite concentration, while Hb content showed a progressive decline. Levels of plasma potassium, GOT and GPT of the eel exposed to 6.64 mM ambient nitrite were significantly higher than the control fish. The activity of SOD and CAT in plasma, gill and liver of the eel following exposure to nitrite were augmented by increasing ambient nitrite. Levels of plasma nitrite, metHb, NMR, cortisol, glucose and antioxidative enzyme activities of the eel exposed to 2.33 mM ambient nitrite were significantly higher than the control fish. This study suggested that the eel acutely exposed to elevated ambient nitrite causes nitrite-induced stress responses, changes in antioxidative enzyme activities and hematological parameters.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.557-566
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• 2022

The Japanese eel Anguilla japonica is a highly valued research object that is important for aquaculture in Asia, including the Republic of Korea. However, few studies have been conducted analyzing parentage using microsatellite markers derived from the Japanese eel. We acquired Japanese eel genome data using next generation sequencing technology, and constructed a draft genome comprising 1,087 Mbp. Using the Simple Sequence Repeat Identification Tool program, 444,724 microsatellites were identified. Of these, 1,842 microsatellites located in the 3' untranslated region, which are stably inherited, were finally selected. Ninety-six primers were selected to validate polymorphism at these microsatellites, and 9 primers were finally identified for multiplex analysis. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction with three different fluorescence chemistries, we performed parentage analysis of an artificial Japanese eel population. CERVUS software was used to calculate the logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores and the confidence of the parentage assignments. The results presented here show that 83 out of 85 paternity cases were assigned at 95% confidence to a candidate father and mother with LOD scores ranging from 4.79 to 28.2. This study provided a microsatellite marker-based assay for parentage analysis of Japanese eels, which will be useful for selective breeding and genetic diversity studies.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2008

The effects of dietary yeast β-glucan administration on growth, nonspecific immune responses, serum lysozyme, skin mucous lysozyme, NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium) reduction by phagocytes, and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica were evaluated. Fish were fed the diets supplemented with 0%, 0.1% and 0.5% of yeast β-glucan to a commercial diet for 6 weeks. The body weight gain from the fish fed on the 0.5% supplemented diet for 6 weeks was significantly higher than the control. Both serum and skin mucous lysozyme were significantly higher in the all experimental groups except 2 weeks of 0.5% group. The bactericidal activity of serum was slightly increased at 6 weeks. Also, The intracellular superoxide anion production of kidney phagocytes was significantly higher in the all experimental groups. The diet supplemented with 0.1% were also found to raise the relative percent survival (RPS) of Japanese eel after an artificial challenge with 1×107 cells of Edwardsiella tarda per fish. The results suggested the potential of yeast β-glucan to activate some innate immune responses and to improve the growth in Japanese eel.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.634-643
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• 2023

The effects of dietary supplementation with fermented blood meal (FBM) in two forms were evaluated on the growth performance, hematological parameters, innate immune response, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal histology of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. A commercial powder feed was used as a basal diet (Con). Six other diets were prepared by supplementing 2, 4 and 6% FBM either in powder or liquid form to the Con diet (designated as P2, P4, P6, L2, L4 and L6, respectively). In total 420 eels (initial mean body weight: 55.1±1.71 g) were distributed into 21 tanks (450L) at a density of 20 eels per tank. Three replicate groups of fish were fed one of the seven diets twice daily for 12 weeks. No significant differences were observed in the growth performance and survival among all groups. Fish fed FBM-containing diets showed significantly improved hematological parameters, innate immunity and antioxidant capacity than those in the Con group. Fish fed FBM-containing diets showed significantly enhanced digestive enzyme activity, villus length and goblet cells than those in fish fed Con diet. These results indicate that both powder and liquid FBM could be a good functional feed additive to improve innate immunity and digestion in Japanese eel.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2000년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.88-95
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• 2000

This paper attempts to investigate characteristic features of Japanese EFL learners' English intonation and how their Japanese accents are affecting their English intonation, focusing on a comparison between the accent patterns of Japanese compounds and the stress patterns of English compounds. It is based on research dedicated to helping to improve the teaching and learning of English intonation (prosody) for Japanese EFL learners. It examines the Fundamental Frequency (henceforth Fx) contours of two EFL college students, one specializing in English and the other in Japanese. Both of them may be considered upper intermediate EFL students with their TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) scores ranging between 500 and 550.