• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제38권
• /
• pp.7-28
• /
• 2015

This article considers Chunhyanjeon written in Japanese by Jang Hyukju in 1938. His Chunhyangjeon was presented from among the collusion and crack of 'things Japanese' and 'things Chosun' discussed in Japanese literary world in the 1930's. This article analyzed the writing method and the meaning of the text. Jang Hyukju(張赫宙, 1905~1997) became known to Japanese literary world by the second grade nomination of the prize contest of the magazine Kaizo in 1932. Since then, he worked actively in the Japanese literary world by writing novels in Japanese and introducing the literature of Chosun. Thanks to his activity, the literature of Chosun drew attraction from the Japanese, which can be called 'boom'. Jang Hyukju was in the middle of this boom. So, his text presented the collusion and crack of empire and colony. We can make sure this issue from his play Chunhyangjeon. When he presented Chunhyangjeon, Jang Hyukju mentioned his purpose of writing. He intended to write modern play in new literary style. Chunhyangjeon was surely the material of things traditional Chosun, which was corresponded to the demand of Japanese literary world. Through the story of Chunhyangjeon, however, he formed the modern text style. He wrote in standard Japanese language, and described things from the perspective style which is often used in modern novel. And he renewed the character characteristically and arranged the structure of the play. His writing style showed clear distinction in the comparison to Chunhyangjeon written by You Chijin which was presented in Korean language 2 years earlier than Jang Hyukuju's. The text Chunhyangjeon written in Japanese by Jang Hyukju reflected specificity as a district of Japan. But on the other hand, a new literary method of modern realism was tried. Chunhyangjeon written by Jang Hyukju shows the cross penetration of empire and colony. And in his Japanese-language literature, the literature of Chosun is coexisting and playing variation.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
• /
• 제24권
• /
• pp.335-364
• /
• 1996

The colony education policy of Japanese Empire was, as a su n.0, ppression on national salvation education of Korean, on the one hand it was liquidation of Korean national spirit and other hand, it has the object to Japanizing Koreans through cramming Japanese language and its culture. During the Japanse occupation of Korea, the libraries had two roles, one was to press Korean and its culture and the other was to civilize Koreans for Japanizing. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of rural-mini libraries whether the former or the latter. From 1932 to The Chosun Governor- General Department (Chosun Chongdokboo) actively spread 'The Movement of Rural Development in Korea. At the same time there were many rural -mini libraries in Korean rural and fishing community. Under the colony of Japanese Empire, colony policy was itself very tough that Japanese Empire did their utmost ideas to win Korean culture over and Japanzing Korean with every possible pressures. Since rural-mini libraries were planned by the chosun Governor-General Department, however, were established by Korean themselves with the property of local education center( Hyanggyo). Therefore, rural-mini libraries were as facilities to promote rural economic development for providing Japanese with some materials which need to conduct a war, and to introduce local people to participate in civilizing activity themselves and farmers and fishermen were forced to group to be educated in Japanese language and its reading. Rural-mini libraries were, as it were, not as facilities for enlightening Korean peoples but as facilities for civilizing Koreans.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.7-22
• /
• 2002

Architectural style is said to be product reflecting political, social and cultural condition. Especially, in colony, architectural style is strongly related to political condition or policy. After colonization in 1910, public buildings with western historical architectural style in Japanese version were widely built by Japanese colonial government in Korea. And in the late 1920s, modernism style in architecture became dominant in Korea as like other countries. In this situation, curious buildings in strange architectural styles came out. One example is railroad station buildings with traditional Korean architectural style and timber house station having a steep roof which is widely used in North Europe such as Alps area with good sights and mountains. Generally, the colonizer says that colonization is the only way to save the colony at crisis defined by colonizer and they insist that they can help the colony modernize. To justify colonization, the colonizer attributes the colonization to the characteristics of the nation and stagnation of the traditional culture etc.. Accordingly, the colonizer tries to depreciate colony's traditional value and culture. In case of colony which has similar cultural background historically (in this case, economical exploitation is less important than other Asian colony by European power), this depreciation of traditional value and culture in Korea was done more strongly than others. At this time, we should understand special relation between Korea and Japan historically. Even though, colony's locality is adopted by the colonizer in public fields, which is based on political purpose or exotic taste etc.. In early days of Japanese ruling period, Japan never use the Korean traditional facts in public. Therefore there is no use of Korean traditional architectural style in public field. In late 1920s, some railroad station buildings were constructed in new styles without precedence in modern Korea. One is railroad station buildings in Korean traditional architectural style, the other is railroad station buildings in timber house stations having a steep roof which is different form western historical architectural style. It was mystery that Japan had constructed railroad stations in Korean traditional style which Japan had tried to destroy together with Western style railroad station buildings. This paper is made to solve the mystery why the colonizer(Japan) constructed entirely different types of railroad stations at the same time in the late 1920s and 1930s. The key point to solve this mystery is tourism. In this paper, to solve this mystery, I try to use terminology' 'Colonial Tourism' in architecture why colonial power had constructed railroad stations with colony's traditional architectural style and Western style having a steep roof which can be seen north European region.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2014

Objective : Understanding the state of sanitation policy during the period of Japanese colonization of Korea. Method : Analyze 'Slang on hygiene practices' found in Korean medical journal "ChoSunEuiHakGye" that published in the period of Japanese colonization. And analyze articles that were same theme. Results : Japanese colonial policy regards the colony people's old adage of health as outrageous things. Japanese colonial police demands don't use old adage of health because it is obstruction to colonial hygiene policy. Conclusion : The Japanese occupation health administration led by the Japanese police considered Korean people as significant. And they regarded old adage of health as harmful habits. In addition, the knowledge derived from traditional Korean medicine was turned away outrageous things. Traditional Korean medicine knowledge lost the chance of renewal.

• 과학기술학연구
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.69-95
• /
• 2005

이 글은 일제에 의해 이식된 은사기념과학관의 사회적 역할을 살펴보았다. 식민지 과학관은 식민지 지배를 정당화하는 정치적 공간으로 활용되었다. 일제는 과학사상을 보급한다는 미명아래 과학관을 식민지 지배에 이용하였던 것이다. 식민지 과학관은 '위대한 과학제국' 일본을 부각시켜 열등한 조선을 지배하는 것이 당연한 것처럼 보이도록 하였다. 과학관의 전시와 강인 실험, 과학영화 등은 이러한 식민지 지배이데 올로기를 선전하였다. 식민지 과학관의 이식은 다음과 같은 문제점을 남았다. 첫째, 과학관이 정치권력의 선전수단으로 이용되었다. 식민지 과학관의 건축, 전시, 운영의 모든 면이 공공연하게 권력의 정책방향을 선전, 옹호하고 그것이 '개발, '발전'이라는 장미빛 환상을 심었다. 둘째, 식민지 과학관에서 과학기술은 '결과와 '도구'로 취급되었다. 일제는 과학이 사회적 위기를 해결했던 역사적, 문화적 산물임을 부정하고 '도구적 합리성'만을 주입시켰다. 셋째, 식민지 과학관에서 다루었던 과학기술은 매우 수준 낮은 것이었다. 생활의 과학화를 내세우며 교육했던 것은 근대적 규율을 내면화시켜 권력이 요구하는 노동자형 인간을 양성하기 위한 것이었다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
• /
• 제16권
• /
• pp.159-190
• /
• 1989

Under the colony of Japanese Empire, libraries of Hyanggyo's(a Confucian temple and a old-time School belonging to it) property a n.0, ppeared 45 libraries. Effects of these libraries are as follows: 1. Libraries of Hyanggyo's property impeded Korean people's enlightenment works in the aspect of a save the Nation movement spread all over the country by taking in Confucian scholars and those who work for the good of the locality. 2. It having prepared a point to civilize Koreans for Japanizing as far as rural and fishing community through libraries of Hyanggyo's property. 3. Though many libraries of Hyanggyo's property were closed, a quite libraries became the predecessor of Korea modern library which linked with public libraries.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.159-161
• /
• 2007

Pine tree death caused by pine wood nematode(PWN) involves phoretic relationships between PWN and its vector Japanese pine sawyer beetle(JPS). In an effort to understand the diversity of fungi involved in PWN life cycle, a total of 176 fungal isolates were collected from PWNs, adults and larvae of JPS, PWN-diseased Japanese black pine that was cut down in 2005 at Jinju, Korea. Based on microscopic observation and colony morphology, and sequence analysis of the ITS rDNA, the fungal isolates were identified at the level of genus. Three genera including Mucor, Ophiostoma, and Penicillium were identified from PWN. Two genera of Ophiostoma and Penicillium were discovered from JPS larvae. Frpm JPS adult beetles, nine genera of Aspergillus, Gibberalla, Hypocrea, Irpex, Leptosphaeria, Ophiostoma, Penicillium, and Plectosphaerella and unknown basidio-mycetes were found. Ten genera from PWN-infected weed were confirmed as Bionectria, Botrytis, Camarops, Fusarium, Hypocrea, Nectria, Mucor, Ophiostoma, Penicillium, and Trichoderma. Penicillium and Ophiostoma were commonly distributed on PWN and its vector and host. This is first report of the fungi associated with PWN and its vector and host in Korea.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.69-87
• /
• 1999

This study had been analysed the establishment, the closing and the actual conditions of the fisheries school according to the four times revision and promulgation of the law of education of korea which were devided by the early term (the first Chosun educational decree), the middle term (the second Chosun educational decree) and the last term (the third and fourth Chosun educational decree), and also been investigated how the fisheries education of the school had been acted to the mobocracy and the assimilation policy and together with it's back ground through this analysis. The aim of this study is to contribute to the study of the history of the fisheries school education, analysis of change of the fisheries school education according to practical application of the Chosun educational decree. The summary of the characteristic of the each term are as under. First, in the early term of the fisheries education under the first Chosun educational decree, Experts were despatched to the each province with donated money from emperor and opened seasonal the fishing training centre, a kind of social fisheries education, and trained directly fishing technic and were going to train fisheries trainees regularly under name of elementary fisheries school. Japanese imperialism attached great importance to the vocational education in order to snack economical products from colonized Korea but actually had a purpose to train low quality technician who follow blindly their colony policy of Japanese imperialism. The fisheries schools in the circle of system in early time of Japanese imperialism, Kunsan public elementary fisheries school was established in April 1915, Yosu public elementary fisheries school was established ill May 1917 and Kyungnam Tongyoung training school was established in March 1917. Secondly, After 3.1 movement, the Japanese imperialism established an appeasement policy so called cultural politics and continued assimilation policy with skilful methods. After revision of the second Chosun educational decree, the Elementary vocational school was changed as the vocational training school. The school of fisheries education in middle of Japanese imperialism trained low quality technicians to snack fisheries resources from colonized Korea. After the middle of Japanese imperialism they paid attention on training fisheries technician through fisheries school rather than training school. With high interest and crowded volunteers, Kunsan public fisheries school was promoted in 1922, Tongyoung public fisheries school was promoted in 1923, Yongampo fisheries training school established in 1922 was promoted as Yongampo public fisheries school in 1926. Thirdly, in the time of the third and fourth Chosun educational decree, the end of Japanese imperialism, they met Pacific war after Japan vs China war. During the war time they considered the vocational school as the source of supply for materials and manpower and consequently had to expanded vocational education and systematically despatched students to war field and practiced military training. In 1938, Namhae public fisheries school was established and Chungjin fisheries school was permitted. But in order to supply manpower to Pacific war, the study period of Yosu public fisheries school was shorten from 5 years to 4 year in 1943 and also that of Tongyoung public fisheries school shorten in 1944.

• 대중서사연구
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.13-51
• /
• 2021

본 논문은 식민지 시기 경성의 극장에서 발행된 영화 관련 인쇄물(film ephemera)에 대한 기초 조사를 바탕으로, 경성 남촌 지구의 영화 문화에 대한 역사적 접근을 시도한 사례 연구이다. 이 연구는 192·30년대 경성 남촌 지구의 극장에서 발행된 인쇄물들을 중심에 두고 당시의 일본어 신문과 잡지의 기사를 교차적으로 검토했으며, 이를 통해 '북촌'과 '남촌'으로 이원화된 문화 환경 속에서 재경성 일본인들의 극장과 영화 문화를 실증적으로 재구성했다. 무성영화시대 경성에서 남촌 지구 극장들은 일본의 영화사들과 계통(系統)을 맺어 일본 본토에서 제작된 영화를 유통·상영했을 뿐 아니라, 식민 본국에서 식민지로 건너와 정착한 재경성 일본인들의 문화적 커뮤니티를 구축하는 역할을 했다. 각 극장이 발행한 인쇄물들은 단순히 프로그램에 대한 정보를 제공하는 데 그치지 않고, 식민도시에 거주하는 일본인들을 일본 제국의 균질적인 시공간으로 연결해주었다고 할 수 있다. 인구로는 소수이지만 식민자라는 지위에 있었던 일본인들은 경성 남촌 지구에서 영화 관람을 통해 피식민 조선인과 자신들을 '구분'하는 동시에 문화적 차원에서 일본 내지와 연결되는 '결속'을 경험했다. 이는 일종의 '원거리 민족주의(long distance nationalism)'를 강화하는 문화 실천이라 할 수 있다. 재경성 일본인의 영화 문화를 극장 발행 인쇄물들을 통해 검토하는 작업은 2천년대 이후 본격화되어온 근대 극장 문화와 관객성에 대한 연구 성과들을 심화할 뿐 아니라 비필름 자료를 통한 영화사 연구의 방법 및 방향을 모색하는 데에도 유의미한 시도가 되리라 기대한다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.291-302
• /
• 1998

The Japanese colonial authorities promulgated the 'Nurses Ordinance(Kanhoboo Kyuchick), in 1914. It was the first act that regulated nurses' licensure in Korea. The gendarme did the administrational work of the ordinance. After the Nurses Ordinance of 1914, nurses without licenses could no longer work with the name of nurse, and Korean nursing gained a more professional status. After the March 1st Movement of 1919, Japan realized that its iron rule had to be more sophisticated. The gendarme gave way to an ordinary constabulary force. The Nurses Ordinance was amended to set the nurses quality as good as that of Japanese nurses, and the nurses licensure of Korea could also be used in Japan. In 1931 the Japanese war against China began, and the Japanese imposed military rule once again. The Nurses Ordinance was amended to 'The Korea Nurses Ordinance'. After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War(1937) and of World War II in the Pacific(1941), the Japanese desperately needed additional manpower to re plenish the dwindling ranks of their military and labour forces. To produce more nurses, the colonial authorities amended the 'Korea Nurses Ordinance' and lowered the age and educational status of nurses to produce more numbers. Until the Japanese surrender in August 1945, Korea was under Japanese rule. Koreans had no say in the passing of these acts, and the colonial authority could make and pass any act at will.