• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.120-131
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• 2014

조선 개국 시 영조된 사직단은 일제강점기를 거치면서 사직공원으로 고착화되었고, 최근 복원에 대한 노력이 진행되고 있다. 통시적으로 분석된 사직단의 변화 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한 나라의 중요 국가제사를 지내던 장소로의 입지를 확보하고 강화되었던 조선시대 태조에서 일제강점기 이전까지의 시기이다. 태조대에 인왕산 자락에 축조했으며 임진왜란 시 소실된 후 영조 대에 제례시설이 완비되었다. 그러나 1908년 일제의 간섭이본격화되자 공간 멸실과 제사가 폐지되었다. 둘째, 일제에 의해 공원화가 진행되어 고착화된 1910년부터 1944년까지이다. 공원 관련 시설과 경계부에 이질적인 건축물이 들어섰고, 단 영역 재실 사직단문이 고적과 보물로 지정되기도 하였다. 셋째, 해방 이후 1984년까지 이질적 성격의 동상과 기념비, 건축물이 축조되어 혼재된 장소성을 지니게 된 시기이다. 사직터널의 개설로 사직단 문이 2번에 걸쳐서 이축되기도 하였다. 넷째, 사직단의 역사성과 상징성을 회복하기 위한 노력이 진행되고 있는 1985년부터 현재까지이다. 사직단 권역의 복원 계획이 진행되고 있으나 주민에 대한 반발로 난항을 겪고 있는 시기이기도 하다. 향후, 사직단의 원형 회복을 위한 복원을 위해서는 발굴조사를 통한 면밀한 고증과 주민의 이해가 함께 진행되어야 한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2002

Architectural style is said to be product reflecting political, social and cultural condition. Especially, in colony, architectural style is strongly related to political condition or policy. After colonization in 1910, public buildings with western historical architectural style in Japanese version were widely built by Japanese colonial government in Korea. And in the late 1920s, modernism style in architecture became dominant in Korea as like other countries. In this situation, curious buildings in strange architectural styles came out. One example is railroad station buildings with traditional Korean architectural style and timber house station having a steep roof which is widely used in North Europe such as Alps area with good sights and mountains. Generally, the colonizer says that colonization is the only way to save the colony at crisis defined by colonizer and they insist that they can help the colony modernize. To justify colonization, the colonizer attributes the colonization to the characteristics of the nation and stagnation of the traditional culture etc.. Accordingly, the colonizer tries to depreciate colony's traditional value and culture. In case of colony which has similar cultural background historically (in this case, economical exploitation is less important than other Asian colony by European power), this depreciation of traditional value and culture in Korea was done more strongly than others. At this time, we should understand special relation between Korea and Japan historically. Even though, colony's locality is adopted by the colonizer in public fields, which is based on political purpose or exotic taste etc.. In early days of Japanese ruling period, Japan never use the Korean traditional facts in public. Therefore there is no use of Korean traditional architectural style in public field. In late 1920s, some railroad station buildings were constructed in new styles without precedence in modern Korea. One is railroad station buildings in Korean traditional architectural style, the other is railroad station buildings in timber house stations having a steep roof which is different form western historical architectural style. It was mystery that Japan had constructed railroad stations in Korean traditional style which Japan had tried to destroy together with Western style railroad station buildings. This paper is made to solve the mystery why the colonizer(Japan) constructed entirely different types of railroad stations at the same time in the late 1920s and 1930s. The key point to solve this mystery is tourism. In this paper, to solve this mystery, I try to use terminology' 'Colonial Tourism' in architecture why colonial power had constructed railroad stations with colony's traditional architectural style and Western style having a steep roof which can be seen north European region.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.13-51
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• 2021

본 논문은 식민지 시기 경성의 극장에서 발행된 영화 관련 인쇄물(film ephemera)에 대한 기초 조사를 바탕으로, 경성 남촌 지구의 영화 문화에 대한 역사적 접근을 시도한 사례 연구이다. 이 연구는 192·30년대 경성 남촌 지구의 극장에서 발행된 인쇄물들을 중심에 두고 당시의 일본어 신문과 잡지의 기사를 교차적으로 검토했으며, 이를 통해 '북촌'과 '남촌'으로 이원화된 문화 환경 속에서 재경성 일본인들의 극장과 영화 문화를 실증적으로 재구성했다. 무성영화시대 경성에서 남촌 지구 극장들은 일본의 영화사들과 계통(系統)을 맺어 일본 본토에서 제작된 영화를 유통·상영했을 뿐 아니라, 식민 본국에서 식민지로 건너와 정착한 재경성 일본인들의 문화적 커뮤니티를 구축하는 역할을 했다. 각 극장이 발행한 인쇄물들은 단순히 프로그램에 대한 정보를 제공하는 데 그치지 않고, 식민도시에 거주하는 일본인들을 일본 제국의 균질적인 시공간으로 연결해주었다고 할 수 있다. 인구로는 소수이지만 식민자라는 지위에 있었던 일본인들은 경성 남촌 지구에서 영화 관람을 통해 피식민 조선인과 자신들을 '구분'하는 동시에 문화적 차원에서 일본 내지와 연결되는 '결속'을 경험했다. 이는 일종의 '원거리 민족주의(long distance nationalism)'를 강화하는 문화 실천이라 할 수 있다. 재경성 일본인의 영화 문화를 극장 발행 인쇄물들을 통해 검토하는 작업은 2천년대 이후 본격화되어온 근대 극장 문화와 관객성에 대한 연구 성과들을 심화할 뿐 아니라 비필름 자료를 통한 영화사 연구의 방법 및 방향을 모색하는 데에도 유의미한 시도가 되리라 기대한다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2017

Objective : Establishment and development of Woongihak on Korea requires detailed study into its contents including each period's Woongihak theory and clinical practices. Method : Woongihak is assumed to have been introduced during the Coreyo Dynasty. Then its development stage is divided into early, middle, later periods in Chosun dynasty, and the category further developed into the Japanese colonial period and then the post-liberation era. These periods were given respect to while medical textx and data related to Woongihak were collected and analyzed. Result & Conclusion : The general consensus is that Woongihak was introduced for the first time during the early period of Coryeo Dynasty, but there was no text around this era regarding Woongihak could have been found. Woongihak was found in Uibang-yuchwi, which entered Chosun Dynastyin early period and was published, where it annotated Sanghanjiggyeog, Saminbang, and eumjeungyaglye. Donguibogam, which was published during the middle period, introduced Woongi by hosting a sentence of Cheonjiungi, and Chochanggyeol was published during the late period and brought the level of Woongihak in Korea a step further. Lectures on Diagram of Woongihakw as published during the Japanese colonial era, but it lacks uniqueness since it was a translation of Suwenrushiyunqilunao. Another book published during this period was OunyukgiUihakbogam by Cho Wonhui. It brought a heavy influence on the generations to come because it drew up prescriptions through the Gaegun and Gaeggi or Date of Birth of Date of impregnation. It was easy to use and highly potent. The author of this paper also collected about 55 types of Woongi texts published after the liberation of Korea, but there are sure to be many that is missing from the collection.

• 기록학연구
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• 제10호
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• pp.226-273
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• 2004

The characteristics of the records management systems of the Japanese colonial government can be summarized as follows. First, the Government General adopted a "decentralized retention" of public records. The Government General did not establish its own archives for central preservation of permanent public records. Colonial agencies established its own records office and the records office managed the records its agency created. Secret records and police records were exception. They were retained by the Secretary Office of the General Affairs Division and Police Division of the Chosun Government General respectively. Second, filing systems and retention periods of the public records followed the hierarchic structure of organization. In the headquarter of the government, records were filed by a "bureau-division-activity-file" classification system and a retention period of a file was given automatically by each unit the file belonged. A closed and cut-off file was retained and arranged according to its creating unit, creating year, and retention period. The filing system was easy to use once the filing system was established well, but to make it work effectively changes in activities and organizations should be on a reflected regular basis. It had an advantageous effect that permanent records could be preserved in a unified way throughout the organization. However, it is very critical to determine the permanent records in a professional way. Selection of the permanent records should be done professionally and in a historical perspective. Otherwise, the records retained as permanent records were not the records having an enduring value. And that was not done by the colonial government. Third, classification and scheduling of records were carried out by a creating division, rather than by the Records Office, mostly from the 1920s. Compilation of the records was also done by the creating agency. It implies that the records management lacked the professionalism. In conclusion, the records management system of the Chosun Government General wes nither modern nor user oriented. It managed the records for solely administrative purpose, i.e. effective colonial rule. The legacy of the colonial records system still exists in the public records system in Korean government. One should criticize the lack of will and efforts to modernize the public records system since the establishment of the Korean government while should reflect the historical origins of the records system in Korea.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2018

Although milk, which is a representative western food, has a more than 100-year history in Korea, the preference is controversial. This study examined the milk history of Choseon in 1884~1938. This period was divided into 4 periods regarding the westerner's records and advertisements. Westerners who visited Choseon in 1884~1895 ($1^{st}$ period) recorded the eating habits of Choseon,i.e., no milk consumed, even in insufficient food situation. Among the westerners, medical missionaries began to show or/and recommend condensed milk for sick children. In 1896~1909 ($2^{nd}$ period) newspapers, general shops in Hanseong for westerners showed advertisements of dairy products. In the 1900s, condensed and raw milk were advertised through newspapers. Domestic ranching systems to produce raw milk were established at that time mainly by Japanese. In the 1910s ($3^{rd}$ period), raw milk and condensed milk were advertised in newspapers. Since the mid-1920s ($4^{th}$ period), dairy products were bisected into condensed and powdered (dried) milk. Moreover, many Japanese manufacturers appeared in the advertisement in the 1920s. These results suggest that milk has been recognized as a symbol of an enlightenment food in Korea since the late 1900s, but the old negative wisdom, unfamiliar taste, and high price of milk at that time limited its appeal.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.539-553
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• 2011

This study was intended to examine the continuance and transformation of food culture during the enlightenment and Japanese ruling era by analyzing the novel of "Toji". In the novel "Toji", the chaotic political and economic situation is reflected, along with the peoples' hard lives in the latter era of the Choson Dynasty. After the full-fledged invasion of China by the Japanese, the shift to a wartime posture was accompanied by an increased need for food. This led to a rationing and delivery system for rice in the late 1930s. While it was hard for people to obtain even brewer's grains and bean-curd dregs, food distribution officers were well off. Another distinctive feature of the food culture during the enlightenment and Japanese ruling era was that foreign food and recipes were introduced naturally to Korea through the influx of various foreigners. The industry of Choson was held by Japanese monopolistic capital, as a result, Choson had equal to the role as a spending site and was only gradually left destitute. In the Japanese ruling era, there were new type of business including such as patisserie of the types of civilization in the town, and those tempted Korean people. However, the Japanese and pro-Japan collaborators dominated commercial business. Being urbanization through the modernization, it was became patronized fast food in the populous downtown, and the change of industry structure and life style greatly influenced into our food culture. Acceptance the convenient Japanese style fast food such as Udong, pickled radish made was actively accepted with a longing for the advancement civilization. After the enlightenment, many Japanese exchange students went to Tokyo to get advanced civilization and provided urban mood according to their consumption of bread, coffee, Western food, which were considered a part of the elite culture.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.524-537
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• 2020

This research was undertaken to examine Masan's regional food service industry, which experienced drastic changes due to liberation and the Korean war. Analysis of restaurant advertisements in 'Masanilbo' revealed a total of 92 restaurants during this period. The numbers of restaurants classified by the time periods are 18 (1946 to 1950), 27 (1951 to 1955), 17 (1956 to 1960), and 30 (1961 to 1966). 'Gomguk' gained popularity in the early 1900s and became a speciality of Masan, resulting in the appearance of numerous Gomguk restaurant advertisements. After independence, Japanese foods were predominant in Masan since the population was used to eating Japanese dishes during the colonial era. Moreover, there was a major influence of the people who returned to the homeland. Masan was the place for refugees during the 6.25 war, resulting in the popularity of 'Naengmyeon'; advertisements largely displayed 'Pyeongyangnaengmyeon' during the early 1950s, and 'Hamheungnaengmyeon' during the early 1960s. Western food advertisements usually introduced 'Dongaseu' and 'Kareraiseu', which were deeply influenced by Japanese culture. These various contributions resulted in alterations in the food menu, such as the rise of fusion food which is not bound to any nation, spread of Japanese food culture, and popularity of 'Naengmyeon'.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.92-106
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• 1973

Brief history of home economics education after modern period (GAEWHA-KI) (1900~1945). Education of home economics in our country is known to have been developed mainly through school education by need of women education. The first period is construed "from 1890's until before the conclusion of ULSABOHO treaty, which can be referred to as an inception of the education for home economics by including subjects of sewing and manual arts in the curriculum of EWHA-hakang. The second period is "from the conclusion of ULSABOHO treaty in 1905 until the act of higher education for women was decreed, transition of the education for home economics and major curriculum thereof and the text books of home economics are handled. The third period is "from the promulgation of CHOSUN education act in 1911 until the fall of Japan education of home economics in this period is described in terms of national education under the Japanese colonial rule. The education was first renewed by women missionaries with the onset of "blooming period (GAEWHA-KI)" and school education of home economics far educating women was initiated at EWHA-hakdang in 1896, in 1908, with the pronulgation of the act of higher education for women, major curriculum and subjects were set up and text books of home economics were also compiled. In accordance with CHOSUN education act in 1911, housekeeping and sewing subjects at secondary school were taught 10 hours a week with the emphasis on general education and practical subject oriented training. Home economics under the Japanese rule was so educated as to imbue, students with the sense of nationality by teaching Korean custom and family habits.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2015

일제강점기인 1920년대에는 다양한 매체가 창간되었고, 발행 부수 확보를 위한 미디어 이벤트를 실시했다. 이중 "삼천리"는 1929년 창간호에서 문인들을 대상으로 한 설문을 통해서 '반도팔경'을 선정하는 미디어이벤트를 기획했다. 이에 반도팔경의 선정과정과 선정된 반도팔경에 대한 분석 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 반도팔경의 선정은 당시의 지식인에 해당하는 문인을 대상으로 한 설문 결과이다. 팔경으로 선정 가능한 경승지에 대한 구체적인 조건은 명시하지 않았다. 젊은이 계몽, 민중 계몽, 아름다운 경승지 소개가 목적이며, 문인들의 반도팔경에 대한 다양한 의견이 개진되었다. 둘째, 반도팔경에 선정된 경승지는 금강산(金剛山), 대동강(大洞江), 부여(扶餘), 경주(慶州), 명사십리(明沙十里), 해운대(海雲臺), 백두산(白頭山), 촉석루(矗石樓)이다. 선정된 팔경은 경승지의 규모나 영역에서 일관성이 없으며, 일부 문인은 선정되지 못한 경승지를 거론하면서 교통의 중요성을 피력했다. 셋째, 기행문으로 발표된 반도팔경 경승지인 백두산과 부여 낙화암에 대한 경관인식이다. 백두산 경관에 유구한 역사와 민족 정기를 대입시켰으며, 조선시대를 부정하면서 부여는 고도 백제로 빈 공간이라고 했다. 기행문은 실제 답사를 다녀온 후 작성된 것이 아니라 기존 발표한 내용을 재편집했다. 넷째, 김동환의 편집으로 1941년 기행문 형식의 "반도산하"가 발간되었다. '사적'과 '경승'으로 구분하여 팔경을 선정하였으며, 보존해야 할 경관과 향유하는 경관을 구분하기 시작했다. 이처럼 본 연구는 1929년 선정된 반도팔경의 분석을 통해서 일제강점기 지식인인 문인의 경관 인식을 도출했다. 이는 미디어 이벤트를 통한 새로운 선정 방식과 기행문을 통한 경관 인식을 확인할 수 있는 실증적 연구로써 의의가 있다.