• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.75-83
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• 2021

Variation in demand, natural resource availability, and technological advancement within a country are the main reasons for necessitating export and import activities between nations. Accordingly, this paper aims to analyze the effect of economic openness on Multifactor Productivity (MFP) in selected Asian countries (Vietnam, Thailand, The Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia, China, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore) based on data for the period 1990-2018. The analysis conducted in the study employed the panel ARDL approach based on the estimation by Pooled Mean Group (PMG), Mean Group (MG), and Dynamic Fixed Effect (DFE). The Hausman test conducted indicates that the PMG estimation is better than that of MG and DFE since it has a higher variability value than the significance value. The results revealed that economic openness is able to elicit significant and positive effects on short-term and long-term MFP growth. In addition, the study established that other variable, such as the number of schooling years, are also able to produce a positive and significant effect on MFP growth in the long term. Since economic openness can impact MFP growth, every country should thus increase its export activities through more capital and worker inputs that will stimulate greater production.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.335-343
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• 2021

This paper investigates the effect of institutional quality on FDI inflows by using FDI outflows from Asian countries from 2009 to 2017. We used the FDI data from five major Asian economies, which are South Korea, China, Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The gravity model was used to examine the effect of institutional quality on FDI flows. The regression model considers several independent variables, and we select the most appropriate variables by using the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) estimator. We have shown that foreign direct investment from Asian countries depends on the size of home and the partner countries, geographical distance, trade interaction between two countries, economic freedom, labor supply, tariff rate, and capacity of the government. The results of different estimation techniques emphasize that multinational enterprises prefer to invest in those countries which have a higher income, which shows the evidence for Lucas's paradox. The results also show that economic freedom and control of corruption have a positive impact on FDI inwards. The regression results show that better institutional quality in host countries encourages more FDIs from Asian economies. It suggests that the state should control corruption and create a free economic environment to attract FDIs.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.495-507
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• 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of cultural distance, economic distance, and geographic distance on the export of Korean broadcasting programs by using data from 2013 to 2022 between Korea and nine regions in the Asia-Pacific. Design/methodology/approach - This study conducted a panel regression analysis using pooled cross-sectional time series data extracted from a ten-year dataset of nine Asia-Pacific regions: Japan, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Thailand, which are the main export destinations for Korea broadcasting programs. Findings - Firstly, economic and geographic distance, key determinants in the traditional gravity model, were found to significantly influence the export of Korean broadcasting programs. Secondly, while cultural distance showed a positive correlation with the export value of Korean broadcasting programs, an non-linear inverted U-shape relationship was observed when considering the squared term of cultural distance. Research implications or Originality - The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence that the factors influencing the traditional gravity model remain significant determinants of Korean broadcasting program exports. While previous studies have primarily emphasized economic variables, this study underscores the importance of cultural factors in explaining the export of Korean broadcasting programs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.136-146
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• 2000

Although the urban elevated road is welcomed in modern society to deal with urban traffic problems, its negative influence on both the pedestrian environment and urban landscape has been frequently observed. Furthermore, the space under elevated structures has been ignored, being the lost space. Recently, several efforts have been devoted into bringing back the lostspace. However, any specific design guidelines shown in the street design of Japan and Singapore have not been suggested in Korea, yet. This study proposes a case of the Nengdong-Ro street design where the two-story urban elevated road is being constructed and negative effects of the elevated road are largely expected. One of the purposes of Nengdong-Ro street design proposed in this study is to relieve the negative effect os the two-story elevated road, and to provide a better pedestrian environment in Nengdong-Ro. The other purpose is to suggest general guidelines that can be applied to the similar context as Nengdong-Ro. It is considered that the space under the elevated road generally consist of three sections: 1) main section where the elevated road runs parallel with the ground, 2) landing section where elevated road goes down to the ground, and 3) facility section where facilities such as the platform and the ticketing booth are located. The design guidelines are suggested for each section, because each section has a different situation. Plans, section and elevations and the details of the street furniture are also incorporated to support the design guidelines.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.157-182
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• 2008

TIMSS 2003 is the third and most recently round of IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study. In this study, I considered the changes of the mathematics cognitive domain in TIMSS and got some facts for developing assessment framework. And I analyzed 7 countries' achievement in the view of our country Korea, i.e. Singapore, Hongkong, Chinese Taipei, Japan, Netherlands, and Unites States. With the reliable and valid achievement scales for cognitive domains given by ISC, students' achievement scales were analyzed according to country, percentile, and sex in each cognitive domain.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.61
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• pp.165-190
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to measure the trade insurance's macroeconomic effects by analyzing the causality between major economic variables(GDP per capita, market interest rate, inflation, unemployment rate, exchange rate) and trade insurance variable. I conducted empirical analyses using First-difference GMM(Generalized Method of Moments), System GMM and Panel-VAR Model, with panel data from 11 countries(Korea, United States, Japan, BRICs, Indonesia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Vietnam) between 1992 and 2011. There are several important findings. Above all, Trade insurance is positively and significantly related to GDP. This results show that trade insurance serves to increase economic growth. In other words, trade insurance leads to economic growth by helping increase GDP per capita. Especially, trade insurance negatively related to unemployment rate, it is for sure that trade insurance contribute to decrease unemployment rate. And trade insurance helps control of inflation. It is also confirmed that trade insurance contributes to price stability, which in turn serves to stabilize the overall economy. And this research finds as uncertainty in the market increases, seen it as increase of exchange rate, increasing trade insurance supply is stabilize the exchange rate.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.3-35
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• 2024

This paper utilizes social network analysis to examine the structural characteristics and trade dynamics of the renewable energy (hydropower, wind energy, and solar energy) trade network within the RCEP region from 2011 to 2020. The findings reveal: (1) The renewable energy trade network within the RCEP exhibits dynamism, heterogeneity, and an uneven development. The solar energy network is the most balanced and stable, while the wind energy network lags and shows marked fluctuations, with the hydropower network falling between these two. This demonstrates the diversity of energy trade within the region. (2) China, Singapore, and Japan are identified as the key exporting and importing countries, with Vietnam showing substantial growth potential. Individual analyses shed light on the stark disparities in trade status among nations, reflecting the diverse roles and future potential of member countries. (3) The QAP regression analysis reveals a significant influence of environmental pressure, particularly carbon dioxide emissions, on the renewable energy trade network. This study contributes to promoting environmental sustainability and energy security in the RCEP region and provides empirical evidence for global renewable energy trade strategies.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1082-1093
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• 2004

The purpose of the study was to compare science curriculum documents of the several countries including Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Singapore. The comparison focused on goals and contents in science education of each country. The goals for science education in each country were very similar. They included understanding knowledge, acquiring inquiry skills, developing positive attitudes towards science, and appreciating S-T-S in most countries. But each country's goal setting level was different; some countries set the same goals for several grades and other countries set different goals for each grade. Goals provided for each grade were more specific and elaborated. Science contents were categorized differently in each country. In Korea, science contents were categorized in energy, matter, living things, and earth. On the other hand, science contents were composed of 8 categories including unifying concepts and processes in science, science as inquiry, physical science, life science, earth and space science, science and technology, science in personal and social perspectives, and history and nature of science in the United States. In the United Kingdom, science enquiry, life processes and living things, materials and their properties, and physical process were categories for science contents. In Singapore, science contents were organized by themes relevant to students' everyday experience. Implications for goals and contents in science education to prepare students to live and work in a future society were suggested based on the results of the study.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.175-195
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• 2023

This study is for analyzing the relation between Korean Water transport and the other main countries Water transport. In the Free trade system, Maritime transport has a high impact on the global economy as well as the each countries. The division of labor through the global value chain(GVCs) has became the ordinary activity in business, and in Maritime shipping,, there are the International trade among countries. Therefore, This study analyze relation of Korean water transport and other 13 regions using World Input-Output Table(WIOT) by Asia Development Bank(ADB). The result of analysis, the proportion of intermediate goods in the input structure of Korean water transport is about 70%, and the ratio of using domestic products is higher than the major European countries. However, since 2000, intermediate inputs from foreign countries have steadily increased, and added value has decreased. Countries with a high relation with Korean Water transport industry are United States(USA) on the input structure, Singapore(SIN) and Japan(JPN) on the distribution structure. Analyzing the relation through the production inducement coefficient, Singapore(SIN) has the high relationship with Korean Water transport industry.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.137-156
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• 2001

IEA's Third International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS) from 1994-1995 has placed Korea as one of the top three countries among 45 countries that participated in the study in mathematics achievement for the 3rd, 4th, 7th, and 8th grade students. While the test scores were excellent, the study also showed that mathematics education in Korea needed improvements in student attitudes, technology incorporation, and gender difference in achievement. An analysis of the a survey conducted as part of the mathematics curriculum research program showed that very little progress has been made in these areas for the past 5 years. Moreover, the progressively declining attitudes towards mathematics for high school students is a problematic phenomena for educators as we believe that mathematics is becoming even more important in an information technology based society. A comparison between the top three TIMSS scoring countries (Korea, Singapore, and Japan) and low scored country (U.S.) was made In this paper. We also compare some of problematic results from TIMSS to those from EERI Curriculum Study implemented in 2000. The study shows that simply using technology and improving student attitudes do not necessarily guarantee improved performance. Most of educators agree that potential for technology is great for both changing the way students learn and improving the attitudes of students. However, improperly implemented technology can hinder rather than help the educational process. Therefore, as we begin to implement and use more and moore technology, it is critical to develop the proper curriculum, training for teachers and research programs to track the progress and to make the necessary adjustments to provide the best possible education for our students. Another TIMSS result shows for all four grade levels(3rd, 4th, 7th, 8th), Korea shows the highest gender difference among all the participating countries. TIMSS data such as this is valuable to benchmark all types of information to get a better understanding about what is happening for improvements in math curriculum in Korea. More research needs to be done in comparing the performance of Korean mathematics education to understand both the strengths and weaknesses of our curriculum so that improvements can be made.