• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2009

Objectives This study is to report a case that has an important meaning as a result of treating Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. We investigated a patient who had to maintain his life with western medicines such as DMARDs, NSAIDs and steroids for a long time. The patient has recovered from all symptoms and his ESR, CRP has been back to normal range with oriental medicine treatment. Methods The patient had fever, especially repeated fever during the afternoon, pain and swelling of joints, generalized skin eruption, anorexia, delayed growth, weight loss, fatigue. So we treated him with herbal medicine and reduced his western medicine. The aim of treatment was recovery from Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis after discontinuance of all western medicine. Results The symptoms of systemic type Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis was vanished and the patient maintains his condition with oriental medicine treatment after stopped all DMARDs such as MTX(methotrexate) and NSAIDs. His ESR and CRP levels were back to the normal range. After this treatment the patient's height and weight has been increased which showed a significant meaning in growth to the child. Conclusions This study showed that oriental medicine can elevate the Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis patient's quality of life with continuous health care and treatment for major problem. For more accurate studies, further studies would be needed with more cases.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.24-41
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical studies on the effect of herbal medicine in JIA and to seek better approach of herbal medicine to treat JIA. Methods This study researched randomized controlled trials through various databases in the world about herbal medicine treatments in JIA. Results 11 out of 414 studies were selected and analyzed. All studies were conducted in China. Most of the studies were using herbal medicines, as an adjunctive treatment to the main regimen, and the total effective rate was higher in the treatment group than in the control group. One study was comparing the herbal oriental medicine treatment to the western medicine treatment, and it showed that treatment group was more effective than control group. 5 out of 11 studies reported treatment cases from a single herbal medicine; most of them used Total glucosides of Paeonia (TGP). Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma (威靈仙) were also commonly used, as well as medicinal herbs belong to Eliminating wind-dampness medicine (祛風濕藥) and Activating blood resolving stasis medicine (活血祛瘀藥). Conclusions Based on this study, herbal medicines for JIA treatment will be effective even if used alone or in conjunction with other medicines. To apply clinically, further studies are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2022

기상 데이터의 사용은 수문 모의에 있어서 필수적인 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 기상 자료를 사용하여 남한 전체를 대상으로 수문 모의를 진행하여 기상 데이터의 적합성을 판단하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 그리드 기반의 기상 자료로 강수 자료와 온도자료를 사용하였으며 그 적합성을 살펴보았으며 특히 강수자료는 총 11개로 6개의 위성기반 자료 (CMORPH, MSWEP, MERRA, TRMM 및 TRMM-RT)와 5개의 재분석 기반 자료 (ERA5, JRA-55, CPC-U, NCEP-DOE 및 K-Hidra)를 살펴보았고 온도자료는 4개의 자료 (MERRA, ERA5, CPC-U 및NCEP-DOE)를 선정하여 살펴보았다. 남한 전체를 대상으로 수문 모형을 구축하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) 모형을 사용하였으며 총 44개의 조합 (강수자료 11개 × 온도자료 4개)에 비교 결과를 토대로 서로 다른 조합의 앙상블을 생성하여 수문 모의 결과를 비교하였다. 결과적으로 온도자료는 상대적으로 그 자료마다 모의 결과의 차이가 적게 나타났지만 강수자료는 자료에 따라 수문 모의 결과에 큰 차이를 보여 그 영향력이 큰 것으로 확인하였다. 이를 통하여 본 연구에서는 기상 자료가 수문모형의 성능에 영향을 미치기 때문에 적합한 기상 자료를 선정하는 것이 수문 모델링을 진행하기 전 단계로 필수적인 과정이라는 것을 확인했다.

• Atmosphere
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

In this study, trends of upper jet stream characteristics (intensity, altitude, latitude, and longitude) over the Asia-North Pacific region during the recent 30 (1979~2008) years were analyzed by using four reanalysis datasets (CFSR, ERA-Int., JRA-55, MERRA). We defined the characteristics of upper jet stream as the averages of mass weighted wind speed, mass-flux weighted altitude, latitude and longitude between 400 and 100 hPa. Due to the vertical averaging of jet stream characteristics, our results reveal a weaker spatial variabilities and trends than previous studies. In general, the four reanalysis datasets show similar jet stream properties (intensity, altitude, latitude and longitude) although the magnitude and trends are slightly different among the reanalysis datasets. The altitude of MERRA is slightly higher than that of others for all seasons. The domain averaged intensity shows a weakening trend except for winter and the altitude of jet stream shows an increasing trend for all seasons. Also, the meridional trend of jet core shows a poleward trend for all seasons but it shows a contrasting trend, poleward trend in the continental area but equatorward trend in the Western Pacific region during summer. The zonal trend of jet core is very weak but a relatively strong westward trend in jet core except for spring and winter. The trends of jet stream characteristics found in this study are thermodynamically consistent with the global warming trends observed in the Asia-Pacific region.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.327-340
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• 2021

In this study, the impact of soil moisture initialization in GloSea5, the operational climate prediction system of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), has been investigated for the period of 1991~2010. To overcome the large uncertainties of soil moisture in the reanalysis, JRA55 reanalysis and CMAP precipitation were used as input of JULES land surface model and produced soil moisture initial field. Overall, both mean and variability were initialized drier and smaller than before, and the changes in the surface temperature and pressure in boreal summer and winter were examined using ensemble prediction data. More realistic soil moisture had a significant impact, especially within 2 months. The decreasing (increasing) soil moisture induced increases (decreases) of temperature and decreases (increases) of sea-level pressure in boreal summer and its impacts were maintained for 3~4 months. During the boreal winter, its effect was less significant than in boreal summer and maintained for about 2 months. On the other hand, the changes of surface temperature were more noticeable in the southern hemisphere, and the relationship between temperature and soil moisture was the same as the boreal summer. It has been noted that the impact of land initialization is more evident in the summer hemispheres, and this is expected to improve the simulation of summer heat wave in the KMA's operational climate prediction system.

• Atmosphere
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.415-425
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• 2018

The roles of atmospheric heating formation and distribution on the global circulation are of utmost importance, and those are directly related to not only spatial but also temporal characteristics of monsoon system. In this study, before we clarify the characteristics of apparent heat source <$Q_1$> and moisture sink <$Q_2$>, comparisons of three reanalysis datasets (NCEP2, ERA-Interim, and JRA-55) in its global or regional patterns are performed to clearly evaluate differences among datasets. Considering inter-hemispheric difference of global monsoon regions, seasonal means of June-July-August and December-January-February, which is summer (winter) and winter (summer) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere are employed respectively. Here we show the characteristics of eight different regional monsoon regions and find contributions of <$Q_2$> to <$Q_1$> for the regional monsoon regions. Each term in apparent heat source and moisture sink is shown to come from the ERA-Interim dataset, since the ERA-Interim could be representative of three datasets. The NCEP2 data has a different characteristic in the ratio of <$Q_2$> and <$Q_1$> because it overestimates <$Q_1$> compared to the other two different datasets. The Australia monsoon has been performing better over time, while some regional monsoons (South America, North America, and North Africa) have been showing increasing data inconsistency. In addition, the three reanalysis datasets are getting different marching with time, in particular since the early 2000s over South America, North America, and North Africa monsoon regions. The recent inconsistency among the three datasets that may be associated with the global warming hiatus remains unexplored.