• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.143-177
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• 2021

In the history of Korean literature, evaluations on 『Jirisan』 (Lee Byeong-ju) are bisected. Some evaluate it as a novel of authentic records which reproduces the history before and after the emancipation objectively while others say it takes advantage of anti-communistic ideology. This study analyzes that difference is resulted not from the distinction of perspectives but from cracks in the text. This is associated with the process of 『Jirisan』's publication. 『Jirisan』 was published serially in 『Sedae』 from 1972, and then, part of the manuscript was published in 1978 and the whole edition published in a series came to be republished in 1981. After that, in 1981 and 1985, part of the follow-up story was printed on the magazine, and then, with the memoirs of those two years as materials, the sixth and seventh volumes were again published through 'revision'. In other words, the publication of 『Jirisan』 is divided into that of the edition published in a series and that of the edition published in 1985 including the contents of revision. The theme of the work, 『Jirisan』 differs according to the point of its completion you may think of. This researcher pays attention to the difference of perspectives between the contents up to the fifth volume and those of the sixth and seventh volumes. Particularly, his evaluation on 'partisans' seems to have changed. In the edition published in a series, he extended 'partisans' into the independence movement in the Japanese colonial era under the Revitalizing Reforms system and adopted the representation of 'partisans' three-dimensionally whereas in the sixth and seventh volumes, he reproduced 'partisans' as beings that were the 'doctrinaire' and 'vicious' 'Reds' and had to be punished. In brief, with 『Jirisan』, he represented 'partisans' in the background of history before and after the emancipation and segmented the discourse, representation and ideology of the Cold War system, but in the process of revision, he stitched up 'partisans' as beings that were evil and losers. Consequently, with 『Jirisan』, he revealed the process of division and contention that proceeded around anti-communism/capitalism within the abyss of the 1970's to 80's and reproduced 'partisans' as beings that were either 'hostile (the Reds)' or 'unknown (losers)

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.269-272
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• 2008

We report a species of Notodontidae, Odontosia patricia Stichel 1918 for the first time from Korea. Two males of O. patricia were collected at the end of May, 2008 from Quercus mongolica forest of Jirisan Mt., a Korea Long-Term Ecological Research site. The notodontid-moth fauna and population changes of three years (2005-2007) from Q. mongolica forest site are provided.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2014

This study was conducted to provide baseline information which will be useful for managing the forest trails as the outdoor recreation facility. To investigate residents' attitudes toward the forest trail construction and use, a questionnaire survey was employed in Jirisan Dulegil. As the results, 4 impact factors that are influenced to local communities due to Jirisan Dulegil construction were resulted in. Most of the respondents perceived that the Jirisan Dulegil have positive impact economically on community growth. Contrastively, a negative perception existed in the environmental aspect. Local lodging industry was selected one of preference business models. In viewpoint of community business, a more professional and systematic approach to find appropriate business model is needed because of structural vulnerability of business.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.297-305
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• 2003

Fish fauna of mountain streams in the Jirisan National Park area of S. Korea (total area: 440.45 $\textrm{km}^2$, height: 1,915 m) was investigated at 33 sites from May 1997 to September 1999. A total of 4,670 individuals of fishes were collected and classified into 30 species and 12 families. Zacco temmincki (relative abundance (RA), 63.9%) was found to be the most abundant inhabitant. Subdominant species were Pungtungia hem (RA 6.2%), Zacco platypus (RA 6.1 %) and Coreoleusiscus splendidus (RA 4.8%). Among the total species, 13 species were identified as the Korean endemic species (7 families, 17.2% of 802 individuals). Dominant Korean endemic species was C. splendidus (relative abundance endemics (RAE), 27.8%). Superiors were Coreoperca heizi (RAE 21.8%) and Liobagrus mediadiposalis (RAE 19.8%). One exotic species (Oncorhynchus mykiss, a site and 5 ind.) and translated species (Hypmesus niponensis, two sites and 174 ind.) were collected in this survey. The proportion of Korean endemic species in the park (43.3%) was higher than the average of Korean Peninsular (25.9%). From this study, we conclude that the Jirisan National Park area in Korea would be very important for fish diversity and conservation, especially for the Korean endemic and endangered species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.487-497
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• 2003

Some literatures for the avifauna of Baekdudaegan from Jirisan to Deokusan were reviewed. A total of 136 species belong to 45 families, 15 orders was listed. Of which, 132 species were recorded in Jirisan National Park, 63 species were in Hamyang area,46 species were Jangsu area, and 63 species were in Deokyusan National Park. Status of migrants of these birds were classified as follows: 42 species of residents,40 species of summer visitors,31 species of winter visitors, and 23 species of passage migrants. Legal protected birds were listed 23 species including 15 protected species and 14 natural monument species. Of them, only three species, Accipiter soloensis, A. nisus, Falco tinnunculus were widely distributed. And the others, Aix gatericuzata, Perms apivorus, Accipiter gentilis, A. gularis, Buteo logopus, B. buteo, Circus cyaneus, Falco columbarius, Grus vipio, Bubo bubo, Asio otus, Otus scops,0. bakkamoenu, Ninox scutuznta, Strix aluco, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos nanus , Pitta brachyura, Galerida cristnta, Terpsiphone atyocauduta were showed restricted distribution. Therefore, it is considered that careful consideration should be given to these conservation measures.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.655-671
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• 2016

The distribution characteristics of functional feeding groups and biological evaluation of water quality with benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated from 2013 to 2014 in the mountain streams of Jirisan National Park. Both quantitative and qualitative collection had been performed six times during study periods in twelve sites located at upstream, midstream and downstream of four valleys, Chilsungol, Baemsagol, Daesunggol and Piagol of freshwater ecosystem in Jirisan National Park. As results, the total collected benthic macroinvertebrates were 3 phyla, 4 classes, 11 orders, 37 families, 107 species and 4,028 individuals. In 2013, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 10 orders, 32 families, 89 species and 1,829 individuals were collected. And in 2014, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 9 orders, 31 families, 80 species and 2,199 individuals were identified. The total dominant species was Ecdyonurus kibumensis, and EPT groups occupied 80.39% of total species number. Biotic indices were also compared to site and to season. The dominant index (DI) was highest at the downstream of Baemsagol in the spring of 2013, and the evenness index (J') was highest at the downstream of Daesunggol in the summer of 2013. Both diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) were highest at the upstream of Baemsagol in the summer of 2014. The correlation between altitude above sea level and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates was also researched in this study. As a result, the species number of shredders and predators have significantly increased according to the increase of the altitude of their habitat. On the other hand, individuals of gathering collectors have increased according to the increase of altitude. The biological water quality was evaluated and compared with several methods in this study, and we suggest that ESB and GPI are more appropriate than KSI and BMI to evaluate biological water quality of mountain stream water.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.401-414
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• 2017

Vegetation and landscape characteristics at the three highest summits of Republic of Korea, i.e. Seoraksan, Jirisan and Hallasan, are analyzed on the basis of species composition, physiognomy, vegetation distribution and structure of alpine plants, along with landform, geology, soil and habitat conditions. Dominant high mountain plants at three alpine and subalpine belts contain deciduous broadleaved shrub, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum (31.6%), and evergreen coniferous small tree, Pinus pumila (26.3%) at Seoraksan, deciduous broadleaved tree, Betula ermanii (35.3%), evergreen coniferous tree, Picea jezoensis (23.5%) at Jirisan, and evergreen coniferous tree, Abies koreana (22.6%), deciduous broadleaved shrub, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum, and Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii (19.4%) at Hallasan, respectively. Presence of diverse landscapes at the peak of Seoraksan, such as shrubland, grassland, dry land along with rocky areas, and open land may be the result of hostile local climate and geology. High proportion of grassland and wetland at the top of Jirisan may related to gneiss-based gentle topography and well developed soil deposits, which are beneficial to keep the moisture content high. Occurrence of grassland, shrubland, dry land, conifer vegetation, and rocky area at the summit of Hallasan may due to higher elevation, unique local climate, as well as volcanic origin geology and soil substrates. Presences of diverse boreal plant species with various physiognomy at alpine and subalpine belts, and wide range of landscapes, including rocky, grassland, shrubland, wetland, and conifer woodland, provide decisive clues to understand the natural history of Korea, and can be employed as an relevant environmental indicator of biodiversity and ecosystem stability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.5
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• pp.543-550
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• 2007

Arguments against charging fees for use of recreational forests and parks generally rest on the assumption that the public sector has the responsibility to provide as many recreational opportunities as it can to all visitors in Korea. The entrance fee in recreational forests allowed some governmental resource management agencies to keep a portion of user fees generated on-site, instead of returning all revenue to the general treasury. Funded primarily through entrance, activity, parking, and mountain villa-use fees, this legislation has been successful in reducing the maintenance backlog for participating agencies. However, it is unclear what effect user fees might have on visitors attending interpretive programs and the benefits that agencies might receive from implementing this policy. From this point of view, this study is a similar case at the Visitor Center and Species Restoration Center at Jirisan in terms of fee-based field trips to the places. In this research, two hundred twenty-three visitors at the Visitor Center and Species Restoration Center at Jirisan National Park answered questions about their trips from 2005 to 2006. Results indicted that the ecoguide not only increased visitor's appreciation of the resource, but also enhanced their perceptions of the Korean National Park Service (KNPS) fee policies.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.154-156
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• 2006

Trace metals in honey have an influence on the taste of honey along with pollens. Western bee honeys, which are mostly collected from acacia, have less than 0.1% of ash. Savor of Korean native-bee honey is thought to be due to the difference of the contents of trace metals. Korean native-bee honeys collected from Jirisan District, which is the greatest producing area of native-bee honey in Korea, showed high contents of ash. Korean native-bee honeys from the districts other than Jirisan District also showed similar results($0.44{\sim}0.83%$ of ash) to those from Jirisan District. Potassium was found to be the principal factor of high content of ash with over 85% of trace metals in ash.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2017

Aerosol mass size distributions were investigated at 865 m high the of Jirisan national park. A nanosampler cascade impactor was used to collect aerosols. The atmospheric aerosol particles had a unimodal mass size distribution, which peaked at $0.5-1.0{\mu}m$, and a mass aerodynamic diameter of $1.13{\mu}m$. The annual average concentrations of TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_1$, $PM_{0.5}$ and $PM_{0.1}$ were $20.9{\mu}g/m^3$, $19.3{\mu}g/m^3$, $14.9{\mu}g/m^3$, $10.7{\mu}g/m^3$, $5.3{\mu}g/m^3$, $1.2{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. TSP concentrations were below $30{\mu}g/m^3$ during the sampling period. On average $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_1$, $PM_{0.5}$ and $PM_{0.1}$ made up 0.91, 0.70, 0.41, 0.19 and 0.07 of TSP, respectively. The annual average of PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.77.