• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most important problems among professions particularly, dentists. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in various parts of the body in Iranian dentists by using systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and searching in national databases such as SID, Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex, and Medlib, and international databases such as MedLine, Web of Sciences, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Embase, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Ebsco, CEBM, and Google Scholar search engine which were published by January 1, 2017. Researched keywords were in Persian and their standard English equivalents were in accordance with their MeSH. The obtained documents were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 2. Results: According to 23 studies through 2,531 Iranian dentists which took part in this study, prevalence of skeletal disorders in Iranian dentists has been 17.6% [confidence interval (CI) 95%:11.7-25.5] in knees, 33.2% (CI 95%:24.1-43.8) in shoulders, 33.4% (CI 95%: 26.8-40.8) in the thorax, 51.9% (CI 95%:46.7-57.2) in necks, 33.7% (CI 95%:28.2-39.6) in wrists/hands, 12.9% (CI 95%:7.7-20.6) in elbows, 37.3% (CI 95%: 31.5-43.5) in lower back, 11.9% (CI 95%:8.7-16.1) in thighs, 12.9% (CI 95%:3.8-36) in the foot, and 10.5% (CI 95%:7-15.4) in legs. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in Iranian dentists, ergonomics should be included as a lesson in preclinic and also, reeducation courses for ergonomics basics should be executed for graduate dentists.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1093-1099
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• 1998

Dioscorea japonica Thunb its effects has been used in f31k remedies f9r various purposes including treatment of diabetes, on hypoglycemic actiity and energy metabolism were investigated. The plant was extracted with methanol(MeOH) and fractionated into four layers hexane, chloroform(CHCI$_3$), butanol(BuOH), and $H_2O$. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by the injection of streptozotocin(STZ) into tail vein at a dose of 45mg/kg body weight(BW). Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 160-200g were divided into five groups a diabetic control and four experimental groups such as hexane group, CHCl$_3$ group, BuOH group, and $H_2O$ group. The rats of all groups were fed on a AIN-76 diet and the four experimental groups were orally administered each fraction(500mg/kg BW) for 12 days. The diabetic control group was orally administered 5% carboxymethyl cellulose. The body weights were monitored and the concentrations of blood glucose were determined. The levels of glycogen and protein in liver were also measured. The plasma levels of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and fee fatty acid(FFA) were also analysed. The body weight gain was higher in the $H_2O$ group than in the control group. Heart weight was significantly reduced by administrations of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. The extents of blood glucose decrement in BuOH and $H_2O$ group were greater than that found in the control group. The muscle protein levels showed significantly higher amounts in all experimental groups. Glycogen levels were higher in the BuOH group than in the control group. The levels of TG were decreased in all experimental groups and the levels of plasma FFA were lower in the BuOH group. The plasma cholesterol levels were not influenced by these four fractions in diabetic rats. These results suggest that the orally administered H2O fraction of Dioscorea japonica Thunb exhibited hypoglycemic effects in STZ induced diabetic rats. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) : 1093-1099, 1998)

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.1062-1070
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• 2022

In the present communication, pure and stable α-Bismuth Oxide (Bi₂O₃) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by low temperature solution combustion method using urea as a fuel and calcined at 500℃. The synthesized sample was characterized by using powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. The PXRD pattern confirms the formation of mono-clinic, stable and low temperature phase α-Bi₂O₃. The direct optical energy band gap was estimated by using Wood and Tauc's relation which was found to be 2.81 eV. The characterized sample was studied for X-ray/gamma ray shielding properties in the energy range 0.081-1.332 MeV using NaI (Tl) detector and multi channel analyzer (MCA). The measured shielding parameters agrees well with the theory, whereas, slight deviation up to 20% is observed below 356 keV. This deviation is mainly due to the influence of atomic size of the target medium. Furthermore an accurate theory is necessary to explain the interaction of X-ray/gamma ray with the NPs.The present work opens new window to use this facile, economical, efficient, low temperature method to synthesize nanomaterials for X-ray/gamma ray shielding purpose.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.267-274
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of mixture ratios of worm cast and soil on the growth orchardgrass seedlings, and estimate the adequate mixture ratio of worm cast for plant growth media. Mixture ratios of worm cast and soil were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100, respectively. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The value of dry weight of shoot(SW), dry weight of root(RW), number of tillers per plant(NT) and biological yield(BY) were the highest in the mixture with 60% of worm cast. Particularly, the dry weight distribution to root in 20%-60% mixture ratios of worm cast were higher than those grown in 80%-100% mixture ratios of worm cast, it may due to the enhancement of root growth by adquate worm cast mix. 2. The orchardgrass seedlings in the 60% mixture ratio of worm cast grown in favourable soil conditions compared to those grown in other mixtrure ratios of worm cast and soil without worm cast. The soil analysis data showed that 60% mixture ratio of worm cast contained pH 6.16, 13.84% of organic matter, 0.84% of total nitrogen, 1,413.9ppm of available phosphorus and 16.7me／100g of cation exchange capacity, respectively. 3. Biological yield(BY) indicated positive significant correlation with the dry weights of shoot(SW) and root(RW). And, the dry weight of shoot(SW) had positive correlation with the number of tiller per plant(NT) and dry weight of tiller(WT).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.892-897
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• 2006

An experiment was designed to study the nutritional value of Chinese brown rice and maize for growing pigs. Six male grower pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Large White, $24.3{\pm}1.26$ kg average initial BW) were surgically fitted with a simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum and allotted within a $2{\times}2$ Latin square design. The pigs were fed either a maize or brown rice diet in a direct method to determine their digestibility. The brown rice used in this experiment was husked from one kind of early, long grain, and non-glutinous rice (ELGNR, indica rice: non-waxy rice, containing amylopectin and amylose) in southern China. Chromic oxide was used as a marker. The diets were supplied at about 4.0% of body weight in dry matter/d. Total faeces and urine were collected on days 4 and 5; digesta was collected on days 6-8 in each period. The average body weight was 24.3 kg at the start of the experiment and 27.6 kg at the end. The results showed that the apparent ileal digestibilities of most amino acids of brown rice were significantly higher than those in maize (p<0.01), as were the apparent ileal digestibilities of crude protein (CP), digestible energy (DE), organic matter (OM) and dry matter (DM) (p<0.05). However, the apparent ileal starch digestibilities of the two treatments were similar (p>0.05). The values of the apparent faecal digestibilities derived from the two methods, marker and total faecal-collection methods, were very similar and also correlated with each other. The difference in absolute value of the apparent faecal digestibilities between brown rice and maize was smaller compared to that of the apparent ileal digestibilities. The net protein utilization was higher (p = 0.07) and the DE metabolizable rate was significantly higher (p<0.01) for brown rice than for maize. The metabolizable energy (ME) of brown rice is similar to that of maize, while the DE of brown rice was relatively lower. It can be concluded that Chinese brown rice are better than maize not only in apparent ileal digestibilities, but also in metabolizable rate of amino acids and gross energy under the present study conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.232-236
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• 2008

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of two energy levels and four lysine:digestible energy (DE) ratios on the apparent digestibility of nutrients in finishing pigs. The experiment was conducted using a $2{\times}4$ randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replicates. Twenty-four cross-bred finishing barrows ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc) with an average body weight of $64.2{\pm}0.69kg$ were assigned to one of eight treatments. Each barrow was placed in an individual metabolism crate and dietary treatment and water was provided ad libitum. Diets were designed to contain lysine:ME ratios of 1.5, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4 g/Mcal at 3.35 and 3.6 Mcal/kg of diet in a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. Dry matter (DM), ash, Ca and P digestibility were not affected by energy density or lysine:DE ratios. Crude fat digestibility increased as the energy density increased from 3.35 to 3.6 Mcal of DE/kg. Increasing the lysine:DE ratio also increased crude protein digestibility. There were no interactions between energy density and lysine:DE ratio in terms of nutrient digestibility. Nitrogen excretion via feces was not affected by energy density and lysine:DE ratio, while nitrogen excretion via urine was significantly affected by energy density and lysine:DE ratio. The apparent digestibility of all amino acids except for isoluecine, arginine and aspartic acid as well as average values of essential amino (EAA), non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and total amino acid digestibility (p>0.05) were not affected by energy density. The apparent digestibility of all amino acids except for leucine, proline, alanine and tyrosine, NEAA and total amino acid digestibility were significantly affected by lysine: DE ratio (p<0.05). Interactive effects of energy and lysine:DE ratio also significantly affected amino acid digestibility except for isoleucine, alanine, cystine, leucine, phenylalanine, glutamine and proline (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that maintaining the appropriate lysine:DE ratio becomes more important as the energy density of the diet increases. Consequently, increasing the lysine:DE ratio can result in increased crude protein digestibility and urinary nitrogen excretion, although apparent protein digestibility and nitrogen excretion were not affected by energy density Furthermore, increasing the lysine:DE ratio also increased the apparent digestibility of essential amino acids, except for leucine, regardless of energy density. The optimum lysine:DE ratio for maximum essential amino acid digestibility of the $64.2{\pm}0.69kg$ pig is approximately 2.4 g of lysine/Mcal of DE.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.3491-3496
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• 2007

If a molten core is released from a reactor vessel into a reactor cavity during a severe accident, an important safety issue of coolability of the molten core from top-flooding and concrete ablation due to a molten core concrete interaction (MCCI) is still unresolved. The released molten core debris would attack the concrete wall and basemat of the reactor cavity, which will lead to inevitable concrete decompositions and possible radiological releases. In a OECD/MCCI project scheduled for 4 years from 2002. 1 to 2005. 12, a series of tests were performed to secure the data for cooling the molten core spread out at the reactor cavity and for the 2-D long-term core concrete interaction (CCI). The tests included not only separate effect tests such as a melt eruption, water ingression, and crust failure tests with a prototypic material but also 2-D CCI tests with a prototypic material under dry and flooded cavity conditions. The paper deals with the transient simulations on the CCI-2 test by using a severe accident analysis code, CORQUENCH, which was developed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). Similar simulations had been already per for me d by using MELCOR 1.8.5 code. Unlike the MELCOR 1.8.5, the CORQUENCH includes a melt eruption mode I and a newly developed water ingression model based on the water ingression tests under the OECD/MCCI project. In order to adjust the geometrical differences between the CCI-2 test (rectangular geometry) and the simulations (cylindrical geometry), the same scaling methodology as used in the MELCOR simulation was applied. For the direct comparison of the simulation results, the same inputs for the MELCOR simulation were used. The simulation results were compared with the previous results by using MELCOR 1.8.5.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.352-369
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• 2022

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate clinical and microbiological outcomes with the use of azithromycin as an adjunct to non-surgical subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) in the treatment of grade C periodontitis. Online database searches using high-level MeSH terms in a PICO structure were conducted along with hand-searching of relevant periodontal journals. Titles and abstracts of identified studies were independently reviewed by both authors and the full texts of studies meeting the inclusion criteria were independently reviewed. In total, 122 studies were identified through searches, of which 6 were included in the qualitative analysis and 4 in the meta-analysis. Three studies included in the meta-analysis were deemed at low risk of bias and 1 at serious risk. There were conflicting results on whether azithromycin reduced the number of subgingival pathogens or detectable subgingival Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans between the included studies. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant probing depth reduction difference in favour of azithromycin compared to the control at 3 months (weighted mean difference [WMD]=-0.39 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.66 to -0.13 mm; I²=0%) and 12 months (WMD=-1.32 mm; 95% CI, -1.71 to -0.93 mm; I²=0%). The clinical attachment level change was also statistically significant in favour of azithromycin compared to the control at 3 months (WMD=-0.61 mm; 95% CI, -1.13 to -0.10 mm; I²=71%) and 12 months (WMD=-0.88 mm; 95% CI, -1.32 to -0.44 mm; I²=0%). Based upon these results, azithromycin offers additional improvements in some clinical parameters when used in conjunction with subgingival PMPR in patients with aggressive periodontitis over control groups. These improvements appear to be maintained for up to 12 months after treatment completion. However, due to a lack of well-designed studies, the conclusions that can be drawn from the available evidence are limited.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2009

This work was conducted to investigate the effects of the addition level of Corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (CDDGS) and phytase in broiler diets on the broiler performance and the ileal amino acid digestibility. Three eighty four Ross broiler (one-day-old) were assigned randomly to 8 treatments groups (12 birds/pen, 4 pens/treatment) as $4{\times}2$ complex factors of CDDGS 4 treatments (0, 5, 10 and 15%) and phytase 2 treatments (0, 500 FTU/kg), and fed experimental diets for 6 weeks (starter, 0~2 wk; grower, 2~4 wk; finisher, 4~6 wk). After the feeding trial was finished, 12 broilers (6 weeks) with similar weights were selected from all treatments to investigate the digestibility of nutrients and amino acids for the first week. The experimental diets contained similar ME and CP of all treatments. Body weight gains and feed intakes were high at phytase treatments (P>0.05), but there was no difference in feed intake of the chicks. The amino acid digestibilities of diets were improved for iso-leucine, lysine, threonine, valine, aspartic acid, proline, serine and tyrosine (P<0.05). Finally, this work showed that growth performance and amino acid digestibility were improved by the addition of CDDGS and phytase in broiler diets.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1988

The present experiment was conducted to investigate causes affecting the reduction of red pepper production in the continuous cultivation upland soil from 1985 to 1986 in Imsil Chonbuk Province. The results obstained are summarized as follows: 1. Area ratio of continuous cultivation 2 years was 12.7%, 3 years 6.8% and over 4 years 48.9%. 2. Soil hardness and volume of solid and liguid of red pepper continuous cultivation soil were higher than those of one year cultivation, while pH and content of organic matter of continuous cultivation soil were low. The exceeding optimum level of phosphorus and potassium appeared factors affecting and reduction of red pepper of continuous cultivation soil. 3. Microflora density in continuous cultivation soil was high but bacteria/fungi (B/F) and actinomycetes/fungi (A/F) ratio were low. 4. The density of soil nematodes in continuous cultivation soil were higher than that in one year cultivation soil, however, the steeper and better drainage soil lowered the density of nematodes. 5. Continuous cultivation over 4 years showed 14.3% of plants diseased by phytophthora while 0.7% in one year cultivation soil.