• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.1351-1356
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• 2013

To enhance the utilization of Allium hookeri (AH) as a food, characteristics of AH roots and leaves cultivated under open field and greenhouse conditions were investigated. The moisture content of the roots and leaves were 81.05 to 84.18% and 88.85 to 90.12%, respectively. The moisture content of AH cultivated in the open field was 2 to 3% lower than the moisture content of AH cultivated in the greenhouse for both roots and leaves. The content of nitrogen-free extract, carbohydrates, was 13.49 to 16.20% in the roots and 7.08 to 7.79% in the leaves. The main mineral generated from both open field and greenhouse cultivation was potassium, at 503.98 to 512.08 mg% in leaves. The free sugar content of roots cultivated in the open field was four times higher than the content in the leaves, and roots cultivated in the greenhouse contained three times lower free sugar than the leaves. In particular, the fructose content of roots cultivated in the open field was about 12 times higher than roots cultivated in the greenhouse. The crude saponin and total polyphenol content was higher in leaves than roots, and was higher in the open field than the greenhouse. The $IC_{50}$ for DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest, 2.74 mg/mL, in 70% MeOH extracts of AH leaves cultivated in the greenhouse. Water and 70% MeOH extracts of AH leaves cultivated in the greenhouse showed no cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 cells. Water extracts of AH leaves cultivated in the open field markedly inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide. These results suggest that AH may be used as the material of health functional food.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.383-387
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• 1994

Six heifers each of $F_1$, $F_2$, $F_3$, $F_4$ H. Friesian $\times$ Sahjwal halfbreds and pure Sahiwal with overall average initial age and live weight of $315.6{\pm}134.8 days$ and $143.8{\pm}48.5kg$, respectively were used for this study. The under trial animals were fed according to N.R.C. (1978). The overall average age at maturity, first conception and first calving was $563.8{\pm}116.8$, $675.8{\pm}135.6$ and $956.8{\pm}149.8days$ with live weights as $302.2{\pm}58.6$, $342.6{\pm}41.5$ and $433.9{\pm}38.1kg$, respectively. The overall 305 days and total milk yield for 1st lactation was $2,729.0{\pm}669.3$ and $2,992.7{\pm}377.5litre$ while the FCM (at 4%) was $2,934.2{\pm}410.8litre$. The lactation length was $336.6{\pm}69.6days$. The fat and solids not fat contents were $4.5{\pm}0.2$ and $8.2{\pm}0.3percent$, respectively. The milk production in Sahiwal cows was significantly lower than crossbred cows. The services per conception were $2.5{\pm}1.3$. The overall per head per day consumption of DM, TCP and ME was $10.9{\pm}1.2kg$, $1,399{\pm}199gm$ and $22.6{\pm}2.4 M.Cal.$, respectively. The overall milk producing efficiency for the production of one litre of FCM was $1.12{\pm}0.15kg$ of DM, $142.2{\pm}17.76gm$ of TCP and $2.31{\pm}0.27M.Cal.$ of energy while the feeding cost was Rs. $1.46{\pm}0.22$ per litre of FCM produced. The feeding cost per litre FCM was significantly higher in Sahiwal and $F_2$ than in other genetic groups.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.184-188
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• 2002

The Cu/Ni/Cu(002)/Si(100) films which have perpendicular magnetic anisotropy were deposited by e-beam evaporation methods. From the reflection high energy electron diffraction pattern, the films were confirmed to be grown epitaxially on silicon. After 2X lots ions/$\textrm{cm}^2$ C+ irradiation, magnetic easy-axis was changed from surface normal to in-plane as shown in the hysteresis loop of magneto-optical Kerr effects. It became manifest from analysis of X-ray reflectivity and grazing incident X-ray diffraction that even though interface between top Cu layer and Ni layer became rougher, the contrast of Cu and Ni's electron density became manifest after ion irradiation. In addition, the strain after deposition of the films was relaxed after ion irradiation. Strain relaxation related with change of magnetic properties and mechanism of intermixed layer's formation was explained by thermo-chemical driving force due to elastic and inelastic collision of ions.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.2711-2717
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• 2024

The current work aims to fabricate metal oxide-doped (PbO, Fe₂O₃, MgO, and Al₂O₃, each of which boasts a purity of 99%) zinc barium borate glasses through the melt quenching technique at the 1000 ℃ melting temperature. The results showed that adding 5 mol.% of metal oxides PbO, Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, and MgO increases the density of the zinc barium borate glasses. Additionally, the fabricated glasses' mechanical properties were determined based on the Makishima-Mackenzie model, which proved that the highest mechanical properties were achieved for glasses doped with Al₂O₃ compounds. The mechanical moduli for the glasses doped with Al₂O₃ reach 80.95 GPa (Young), 59.90 GPa (bulk), 31.75 GPa (shear), and 102.23 GPa (longitudinal). Additionally, the Al₂O₃-doped glasses' microhardness reaches 4.77 GPa. Moreover, estimation of the fabricated glasses' gamma-ray shielding capacity utilized Monte Carlo simulation. The highest linear attenuation coefficients are 29.132, 19.906, 19.243, and 18.923 cm^-1 obtained at 0.033 MeV for glasses dopped by PbO, Fe₂O₃, MgO, and Al₂O₃, respectively. Therefore, glasses doped with 5 mol.% of PbO have high gamma-ray shielding capacities followed by glasses doped by Fe₂O₃.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2008

This study was conducted to identify the correlation of bacterial phytase ($Transphos^{(R)}$) to the calcium level in feed. Of all 21-week-old 720 HyLine brown laying hens, 2 birds of similar weight were placed on each individual cage. The experiment was conducted by $3{\times}2{\times}3$ factorial design with including 3 different levels of phytase (0, 300, and 1,000 DPU/kg), 2 different levels of calcium (3.5% and 4.0%), and 3 different levels of no NPP addition 0% (0.095 NPP), 0.5% (0.185% NPP), and 1.0% (0.275% NPP). The feeding trial maintained the ME level of 2,800 kcal/kg and 16% for crude protein. The diet was fed ad libitum and 17 hours of lighting was provided throughout the experimental period. Egg production seemed to increase, in the 300 DPU of bacterial phytase added group and the cracked egg tended to reduce in Transphos added group. The egg productivity between treatment groups did not show significant difference by dietary calcium level, whereas non NPP added group (0.095% NPP) was found to be low compared to NPP added groups (P<0.05). The highest mean egg weight and the highest daily egg mass were detected in 300 DPU phytase added group. Although the mean egg weight was significantly higher in treatment groups fed with 3.5% calcium containing feeds (P<0.05), daily egg mass was no among treatment groups. The mean egg weight and daily egg mass were the lowest in non NPP added group (0.095% NPP) compared to other treatment groups (P<0.05). The feed intake showed similar pattern regardless of the bacterial phytase and calcium levels in the diet. However, the treatment groups fed diets containing NPP level of 0.275% and 0.165% showed significantly higher feed intake than the group fed with 0.095% NPP (P<0.05). Although the feed conversion was not affected by calcium and NPP levels in the diet, the most improved result was obtained from 300 DPU phytase added group (P<0.05). The eggshell breaking strength and thickness increased as dietary calcium level increase the level of calcium increases in diet. The treatment groups fed diet containing 0.275% and 0.165% NPP revealed to show improvement in eggshell breaking strength and yolk color index compared to the NPP non added (0.095% NPP) treatment group. The result of the present study suggests that the appropriate level of microbial phytase is 300 DPU and at this level, tricalciumphosphate supplementation in feed can be reduced to 40% of NRC recommendation. Higher calcium level in feed fail to show synergistic effect by adding microbial phytase.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.2005-2012
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• 2019

This work investigated the radiation attenuation characteristics of three series of tellurite glass systems with the following compositions: 30PbO-10ZnO-xTeO₂-(60-x)B₂O₃ where x = 10, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mol%, xBaO-xB₂O₃-(100-2x)TeO₂ with x = 15-40 mol% and 50ZnO-(50-x)P₂O₅-xTeO₂, where x = 0, 10, .40 mol%. The results revealed that the attenuation parameters in all the samples decrease with increase in the energy, which implied that all the samples have better interaction with gamma photons at low energies and thus higher photon attenuating efficiency. From the three systems, the samples coded as PbZnBTe60, BaBTe70 and ZnPTe40 have the lowest half value layer values and accordingly have superior photon attenuation efficacy. The maximum effective atomic number values were found for energy less than 0.1 MeV particularly near the K-edges absorption of the heavy atomic number elements such as Te, Ba and Pb. At the lowest energy, the Z_eff values are found in the range of 62.33-66.25, 49.43-50.81 and 24.99-35.83 for series 1-3 respectively. Also, we found that the density of the glass remarkably affects the photon attenuation ability of the selected glasses. The mean free path results showed that the PbO-ZnO-TeO₂-B₂O₃ glass system has better radiation shielding efficiency than the glass samples in series 2 and 3.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.585-592
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutrient level (metabolizable energy and crude protein, 2,843kcal/kg and 19.46% at 2 to 3 week, 3,072kcal/kg and 18.38% at 4 to 6 week, 3,109 kcal/kg and 17.26% at 7 to 8week, respectively, and feeding form was ground $\longrightarrow$ crumble $\longrightarrow$ pellet in control, ground $\longrightarrow$ crumble $\longrightarrow$ pellet in treatment 1, crumble $\longrightarrow$ crumble $\longrightarrow$ pellet in treatment 2, pellet $\longrightarrow$ pellet $\longrightarrow$ pellet in treatment 3 for broiler during 8 weeks. Also the effects of supplemented with charcoal(1%) in total mixed treatment feed was investigated. The crude protein, crude fat in broiler meat ranged from 22.22${\sim}$23.40%, and 0.30${\sim}$0.45%, respectively. Especially, treatment 2 was lower than other treatment (P<0.05). The heating loss tend to be increased at control. Shear force and pH tend to be decreased at T3(1.21kg, 5.89). Control and T2 were significantly lighter in color (‘L’) than the T1 and the ‘a’ ranged from 0.19${\sim}$0.85 and T1 was the lowest ‘b’ among other treatment. The panel test, texture, Aroma were not significantly among the an experimental group (P<0.05). Myristic acid and arachidonic acid of T1 was significantly higher than that other treatment and oleic acid, U/S(unsaturated/ saturated) rate T2 was significantly higher than other experimental group(P<0.05). Among amino acid, cystine, glutamic acid, valine, iso-leucine, leucine, lysine, arginine in T1 and T2 was higher than control and T3.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2007

This study was conducted to induce molting with DDGS and non-salt diet and compare the effect of feeding molting and fasting molting on the performance, egg quality, and visceral organs in laying hens for animal welfare. One-hundredeight 62-wk-old White Leghorn hens that egg production was over 80% and average weight was $1.8{\pm}0.1kg$ were used in this study. Treatments were control(non-molt treatment), feeding molt treatment(DDGS, non-salt diet), and fasting molt treatment. The four treatments were administered to three replicate group of nine hens wherein each group. All treatment groups were fed the basal diet(CP 15%, ME 2,700 kal/kg) for two weeks as the adaptation period. Test Periods were 28 days at all treatments. Egg production decreased for 18 days to be 0% at feeding molting treatment, and for 17 days to be 0% at non-salt feeding molting treatment. Egg production stopped for 6 days at fasting molting treatment. Egg production restarted after 12 days molt at feeding molting treatment, while after 16 days at fasting molting treatment. On the egg quality was improved at molting treatments (p<0.05) except egg yolk. Egg shell tissue was crowded at molting treatment to compare to control. Liver weights, heart weight, and oviduct weight of laying hens decreased at molting treatments(p<0.05). Finally, feeding molting might could be replaced fasting molting on the welfare and further studies were needed about molting program.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to determine energy requirements for maintenance of Hanwoo steers. Nine Hanwoo steers weighing 376.6$\pm$12.5kg were used in this experiment and fed rice straw(44%) and concentrate (56%) at three different energy levels; 0.8 times maintenance(0.8M), 1.2 times(1.2M) and 1.6 times(1.6M), respectively. Dry matter intake was 48.5, 65.9 and 86.5g/$BW^{0.75}$ for 0.8M, 1.2M and 1.6M, respectively. Increase in energy intake with the increased DM intake did not affect digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and nitrogen-free extract. Gross energy intake averaged 190.8, 255.8 and 340.9kcal/BW0.75 for 0.8M, 1.2M and 1.6M, respectively. Energy loss was 41% feces and 0.6${\sim}$1.5% urine of gross energy intake. Further, energy loss from methane produced during rumen fermentation was 5${\sim}$9%, while body heat loss averaged 40${\sim}$60%. Intercept of the regression equation between ME intake and retained energy indicated that energy requirement for maintenance was 124.3kcal $ME/BW^{0.75}$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.3841-3848
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• 2022

The effect of modifiers on the optical features and radiation defying ability of the Eu³⁺ ions doped multi constituent glasses was examined. XRD has established the amorphous nature of the specimen. The presence of various functional/fundamental groups in the present glasses was analyzed through FTIR spectra. The physical, structural and elastic traits of the glasses were explored. The variation in the structural compactness of the glass structure according to the incorporated modifier was enlightened to describe their suitability for a better shielding media. For the examined glasses, the metallization criterion value varied in the range 0.613-0.692, indicating the non-metallic character of the glasses with possible nonlinear optical applications. The computed elastic moduli expose the Li-containing glass (BTLi:Eu) to be tightly packed and rigid, which is a requirement for a better shielding channel. Furthermore, the optical bandgap and the Urbach energy values are calculated based on the optical absorption spectra. The evaluated bonding parameters revealed the nature of the fabricated glasses covalent. In addition, we investigated the radiation attenuation attributes of the prepared Eu³⁺ ions doped multi constituent glasses using Phy-X software. We determined the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and reported the influence of the five oxides Li₂O₃, CaO, BaO, SrO, and ZnO on the LAC values. The LAC varied between 0.433 and 0.549 cm^-1 at 0.284 MeV. The 39B₂O₃-25TeO₂-15Li₂O₃-10Na₂O-10K₂O-1Eu₂O₃ glass has a much smaller LAC than the other glasses.