• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.539-547
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• 1985

The low-cycle fatigue crack growth behavior of SUS 304 Stainless steel was investigated at 650.deg. C by the nonlinear fracture mechanics. Crack Propagation can be separated in to cycle-dependent and time-dependent, the former is correlated with .DELTA. $J_{f}$ , J-intergral range and the latter is correlated with J', modified J integral. Transition from cycle-dependent to time-dependent crack growth was successfully predicted using the .betha. hypothesis, which was proposed by the authors on the basis of an analysis on the interaction of elastic and creep strain. To investigate the reliability of .betha.-hypothesis, experimenting by the change of stress-level, stress rate and frequency, following conclusions were obtained. (1) High temperature fatigue crack propagation was separated into cycle-dependent and time-dependent. (2) Transition of crack propagation was predicted by .DELTA. $J_{c}$/.DELTA.$_{f}$ or .betha. (3) Lower limit in cycle-dependent crack propagation was obtained..

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.693-701
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• 2016

In this study, notch defects are evaluated using fracture mechanics. To understand the effects of notch defects, FE analysis is conducted to predict the limit load and J-integral for middle-cracked and single-edge cracked plates with various sizes of notch under tension and bending. As the radius of the notch increases, the energy release rate also increases, although the limit load remains constant. The values of fracture toughness($J_{IC}$) of SM490A are determined for various notch radii through FE simulation instead of conducting an experiment. As the radius of the notch increases, the energy release rate also increases, together with a more significant increase in fracture toughness. To conclude, as the notch radius increases, the resistance to crack propagation also increases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.143-150
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• 1996

This is an explicit-Implicit, finite element analysis for linear as well as nonlinear hygrothermal stress problems. Additional features, such as moisture diffusion equation, crack element and virtual crack extension(VCE ) method for evaluating J-integral are implemented in this program. The Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics(LEFM) Theory is employed to estimate the crack driving force under the transient condition for and existing crack. Pores in materials are assumed to be saturated with moisture in the liquid form at the room temperature, which may vaporize as the temperature increases. The vaporization effects on the crack driving force are also studied. The Ideal gas equation is employed to estimate the thermodynamic pressure due to vaporization at each time step after solving basic nodal values. A set of field equations governing the time dependent response of porous media are derived from balance laws based on the mixture theory Darcy's law Is assumed for the fluid flow through the porous media. Perzyna's viscoplastic model incorporating the Von-Mises yield criterion are implemented. The Green-Naghdi stress rate is used for the invariant of stress tensor under superposed rigid body motion. Isotropic elements are used for the spatial discretization and an iterative scheme based on the full newton-Raphson method is used for solving the nonlinear governing equations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.890-895
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• 2002

Cold expansion method is retarded of crack initiation due to the compressive residual stress developed on the hole surface. Previous research has just been study about residual stress distribution in the hole surrounding. But, The purpose of this study was to improve the understanding of the residual stress effect in hole surrounding as crack growth from another hole. In this paper, it is shown that residual stress is redistributed due to the application of cold expansion process for CT specimen using finite element method. It is further shown that tensile stress increases in proportion to cold expansion ratio in the vicinity of crack. It is thought that stress intensity factor increases with cold expansion ratio.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.43-48
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• 2004

When structures are loaded by a combination of primary and secondary stresses, plasticity effects occur which cannot be evaluated by a simple linear addition of the effects resulting from the two independent stress systems. Thermal stress due to temperature gradient is classified as secondary stress. It is known that secondary stress is released as increase of plastic zone. In this paper, two and three dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analyses are performed for the cracked plates and pipes under combined thermal and mechanical loading. And V-factor is introduced to account for plasticity effect. The present results provide that V-factor is function of thermal factor and loading and is consistent regardless of geometry. We developed the prediction method of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics parameter under combined primary and secondary loading from the present results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1843-1853
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• 1996

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the crack stability of the nuclear main stresm pipes, considering the load reduction effect due to the presence of circumferential throuth-wall crack. Also, the optimization techniques are adoped tosimulate the crack effect on the elbow component of the piuping system. By using a general beam elemetn which contains a discontinuous cross-section, the piping analysis is accomplished to acquire the reduced load. Considering this reduced load, it is feasible for the LBB application in nuclear main stresm pipe. Also, by combining an optimization program and a genaral finite element analysis program, the appropriate dimensions of the simplified beam elemtn which represents the effect of crack in elbow could be successfully determined.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.398-403
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• 2005

This study investigates the change of the temperature and mechanical properties of the braking disk for the railway vehicle. The average temperature is measured about $100^{\circ}C$ and the maximum temperature is measured over $200^{\circ}C$ by non-contact sensor from Seoul to Chun-an. In the $20^{\circ}C-300^{\circ}C$, the 0.2% offset yield strengths of the disk (GC25-30 material) are a little down to the reference value, but the linear relation of tensile test result is not find from the linear change of temperature. However, JIC values have the inverse proportion to the temperature, and the JIC value at $200^{\circ}C$ decrease 30.55% from the JIC. value of the room temperature. This result means that the crack length on the braking disk is rapidly increase at $200^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 1993

Recently, efforts of decreasing energy consumption are continously increased and user's preference is also diversified in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Thus, in order to satisfy these demands, high efficiency, high intelligence, and energy saving for those systems are essential. As the basic study for diverse functions and intelligence of those systems, we investigated the response characteristics through the compressor capacity control concerned with superheat and refrigeration room temperature. And, response characteristics are investigated experimentally by using micro computer based PWM inverter control method. Experimental result of the conventional on-off control method is given in order to be compared to the results of inverter control method. The results obtained through this study are summarized as follows. It is shown from the experimental results of the on-off control method that the range of temperature variation around the steady state ($-18^{\circ}C$) is very large (about $7{\sim}8^{\circ}C$) and the settling time bringing the steady state is not found. In the inverter control method, we can see that the refrigeration room temperature after reaching the setting temperature is very stable without fluctuation and a robust control for disturbance such as opening the door has been realized.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.31-35
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• 2006

The delta-formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations has been popularly used in the aerodynamics area. Implicit algorithm can be easily implemented in that by using Taylor series expansion. This formulation is extended for an unsteady analysis by using a dual-time integration. In the meanwhile, the incompressible flows with heat transfers which occur in the area of thermo-hydraulics have been solved by a segregated algorithm such as the SIMPLE method, where each equation is discretised by using an under-relaxed deferred correction method and solved sequentially. In this study, the dual-time delta formulation is implemented in the segregated Navier-Stokes solver which is based on the collocated cell-centerd scheme with un unstructured mesh FVM. The pressure correction equation is derived by the SIMPLE method. From this study, it was found that the Euler dual-time method in the delta formulation can be combined with the SIMPLE method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.381-389
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• 2001

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the fracture resistance characteristics of SA508 Cl.1a to SA508 Cl.3 welds manufactured for the reactor coolant loop piping system of nuclear power plants. The effect of the crack plane orientation to the welding process orientation and the preheat temperature on the fracture resistance characteristics were discussed. Results of the fracture resistance test showed that the effect of the crack plane orientation to the welding process orientation of the fracture toughness is significant, while that of preheat temperature on the fracture toughness is negligible. The micro Vickers hardness test, the metallographic observation and the fractography analysis were conducted to analyse the crack jump phenomenon on the L-R crack plane orientation in the multi-pass welding zone. As these results, it is shown that the crack jump phenomenon was produced because of the inhomogeneity between welding beads and the crack plane orientation must be considered for the safety of the welding zone in the piping system.