• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.190-200
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• 2002

Purpose; The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure sexual satisfaction in Korean adults. Method: Development of items for the instrument was done by a collecting, reorganizing, reducing and selecting process based on the literature. A total of 19 items were selected in this process. For evaluation of the appropriateness of the 19 items, questionnaires were given to an expert group consisting of 18 professionals (7 men and 11 women). Eighteen items having a response of 70% in 'very good' item or 'good' item were included as items for the instrument. With these 18 items, a 5 point Likert scale was developed, and reliability and validity tests of the scale were done. The subjects for the test were 1,127 Korean adults living in 11 areas in Korea, Data were collected from Dec. 1, 2000 to Feb. 28, 2001 and analyzed with SPSS/PC+ 10.0 program. Item analysis and factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. Chronbach alpha and corrected item-total correlation were obtained to verify internal consistency, and principal component analysis with the varimax rotation was used to identify structure validity of the developed tool. Result: Reliability of the scale was .9503 and corrected item-total correlations of the items were distributed from .5208 to 7899. As a result of the factor analysis, the items were categorized into three factors. The cumulative variance of the three factors was 67.1%, and all of the variances of the factors were above 5%. Because factor 1 (8 items) indicated a special feeling of psychological satisfaction with sexual activity, it was named 'psychological factor'. Factor 2 (8 items) indicated a feeling of satisfaction in the interaction with sexual partner through communication and variation, therefore it was named 'interactional factor'. Factor 3 (2 items) was about the frequency and duration of sexual intercourse and indicated physical dimensions of satisfaction, so it was named 'physical factor'. The average score for sexual satisfaction of the 1,127 subjects was 65.32 (${\pm}12.71$), and histogram of the score showed a normal distribution with skewness - .425. Conclusion: Finally, a Korean Sexual Satisfaction Scale(KSSS) was accepted as a 5 point Likert scale with 18 items after the statistical test for reliability and validity. In conclusion, KSSS is a useful instrument which is valid and reliable can be used to understand the sexuality of Korean adults.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.327-338
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• 2009

본 연구는 한국의 문화와 실정에 맞는 한국형 스켈링공포에 관한 측정도구를 개발하기 위해 2008년 11월 연구 대상자 720명을 대상으로 개방형 질문을 통해 문항을 수집하였고( 1차 조사), 2008년 12월과 2009년 1월에 스켈링 환자 110명을 대상으로 사전조사를 실시하여 측정도구의 영역설정 및 문항선정을 통해 1차 도구를 개발하였으며 (2차 조사), 2009년 2~3월에 연구대상자 720명에게 설문조사하여 최종적으로 4개 영역과 19개 문항을 결정함으로서 최종적으로 측정도구를 개발하였다. 문항수준 분석결과에서 결측치는 0.003%로 기준의 20%보다 낮아 양호했고, 검사-재검사 신뢰도 검중에서 상관계수가 0.92 이상으로 높았으며, 짝비교 t-검증도 조사 전후 간에 유의한 차이가 없어 신뢰도가 높았다. 문항 내적일치도 역시 전체 영역 내 상관계수 범위가 0.39~0.95로 높았으며, 항목판별타당도는 영역 간 상관계수가 0.56이하로 유의하였다. 영역수준의 분석결과 3개 영역의 평균 범위는 2.06~2.33 이었고 예상치 못한 신체반응의 공포영역은 1.29 이었다. 각 영역의 바닥치와 천장치는 각각 4.3%와 6.8%로 기준의 20% 보다 낮아 적합했고, 요인분석에서 일부 영역의 요인이 단일요인으로 묶이는 것을 제외하연, 각 영역별 문항이 동일 요인으로 묶여졌으며, 확인적 요인분석 결과에서 전반적으로 모형 합치도가 높았다. 스켈링 경험유무별 스켈링공포의 종속변수에 유의하게 영향을 미치는 연수분석에서 스켈링 경험자는 성별과 칫솔방법이 유의성이 있었고, 비 경험자는 성별, 교육수준, 칫솔방법, 그리고 일주 당 운동량 등이 유의했다. 이상으로 본 연구는 스켈링공포에 관한 측정도구를 총 4개 영역 19개 문항을 개발하였다. 향후 개발된 도구는 여러 집단을 대상으로 재평가를 받아 일반화 되어야 할 것이며, 이들 환자들에게 적용함으로서 정기적인 스켈링을 통한 구강보건향상에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.763-774
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• 2003

This study was conducted to design long and short forms of reliable and valid Likert-type scales to measure environmental attitudes of Korean junior high school students. 8 tests were applied to the construction of a 32-item long form and 8-item short form of the scale. Two scales were field tested on 469 respondents consisting of male and female students in urban and rural areas and students participating in environmental programs. The 32-item scale was revealed to be highly reliable, content and construct valid. Reliability and homogeneity of this scale were evidenced by 0.92 coefficient alpha and positive interitem correlation values ranging from 0.10 to 0.52. Factor analysis and known-group comparison showed the sufficient validity of long form scale. Reliability and validity of short form scale were also evidenced by good results of 8 test analyses. The long and short forms were strongly correlated, ${\gamma}$-value of 0.90. Consequently, both long form and short form scales were evidenced very reliable and valid in measuring environmental attitudes of junior high school students in Korea. They can be useful for a variety of survey conditions and constraints and testing environmental attitude.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.442-455
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• 1987

The purpose of the study were to assist foodservice managers in complex decision making by utilizing computerized cost accounting system and to relieve managers from repetitive and routine tasks so that more adequate patient care and consultation can be provided. The scope of the computer-assisted cost accounting system consists of budget, menu planning, purchasing, inventory, cost control and financial reporting. The content of the computerized system are summarized as follows ; 1) For budgeting monthly income was estimated by calculating unit cost of each meal and forecasting serving numbers. The actual serving numbers for patients and employees were totaled everyday, and utilized as the basic data base for estimating income and planning menu. The monthly lists of meal sensus were generated. 2) for menu planning concersion factors were computed based on the standarized recipe for 50 servings. Daily menus for patients and employees which include total amounts of each ingredient and cost analyzed information were generated. 3) Daily and monthly purchasing report for each food item classified by patient and employee meals were generated. 4) Inventory transactions such as recipts and issues were totalized daily for each stocked item, and monthly inventory reports were generated. 5) Cost analysis reports for each menu item were generated into two ways based on the budget coat as well as the purchasing cost. 6) Editing new recipes and updating food costs change to the data base were carried out. 7) Financial reports were generated monthly, first-half and second-half of the year, and yearly basis.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.264-274
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate breastfeeding effectiveness scale to measure effectiveness of breastfeeding for mothers in the early postpartum period. Methods: A conceptual framework was constructed from properties of effective breastfeeding (Yang and Seo, 2011), and item construction was derived from literature review and analysis of the data along with interviews with breastfeeding mothers. Content validity was tested by experts. Each item was scored on a five-point Likert scale. The preliminary questionnaire was administered to 248 breastfeeding mothers. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results: From the factor analysis, 20 items in seven factors were derived. The factors were identified as mother's satisfaction, suckling, assurance of milk quantity, infant's satisfaction, latching on, infant's feeding desire, and breastfeeding positioning. The seven factors explained 65.1% of total variance, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the total items was .83 and the factors ranged from .44 to .75. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that breastfeeding effectiveness scale is a reliable and valid instrument to measure breastfeeding effectiveness of mothers in the early postpartum period.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.738-748
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a coping scale for families of patients with schizophrenia (CSFPS). Methods: Item construction was derived from literature reviews and interviews with family members and psychiatric nurses. Content validity was tested by experts. Each item was scored on a four-point Likert scale. The preliminary questionnaire was administered to 188 family members of patients with schizophrenia. The data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha. Results: From the factor analysis, 32 items in five factors were derived. The factors were named active coping strategies, avoidance coping strategies, hospital treatment-oriented coping strategies, emotional coping strategies, and suppressive coping strategies for problematic behaviors. The five factors explained 49.7% of the total variance, Cronbach's alpha of the total items was .83 and the factors ranged from .66 to .86. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that CSFPS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure coping in families of patients with schizophrenia.

• 아동학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.87-104
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop a basic life habit scale for infant early childhood. The participants of this study were composed of 1,000 parents of children aged from two to five years old in the Seoul, Gyeong-gi, and In-cheon areas. For the purposes of data analysis, the study made use of the following methods : descriptive statistics for SES variables, item-analysis, factor analysis for validity, and Cronbach's a for reliability. Most items were acceptable in terms of item response rates, and item discrimination. The results of factor analysis uncovered six factors, and 46 items were selected from a total of 69 items in the original scale. The six factors were (1) safety and rules (2) neatness (3) manners (4) self-help (5) eating habits (6) cleanliness. Cronbach's a value for the reliability of the factors ranged from .76 to .94.of Cooperative Learning. Methods. Westport, CT : Greenwood Press.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.629-640
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the scale to measure dementia patient's caregiver burden of Korea. In the first phase of the study, 15 caregivers of dementia patients were interviewed to provide narrative data from which items were developed. Initially 65 items were generated from the interview data of 15 caregivers. Content validity was judged by two separate panels of experts with 27 professionals and 30 family caregivers. These items were analyzed through the Index of Content Validity and 33 items were selected which met .80 or more of the CVI. This preliminary FCBSD-K was tested with 207 adult caregivers for reliability and construct validity including item analysis and orthogonal(Varimax) factor analysis. Eight items were deleted because of high or low item-item correlation. The result of the second factor analysis produced six factors that coincided with the conceptual framework posed for the scale developed. The six factors were labeled as 'physio social factor' 'emotional factor' 'family cultural factor' 'role obligation' 'guilt feeling' and 'financial & supportive system factor'. The alpha coefficient relating to internal consistency was .9264 for reliability. In conclusion, cultural factor is related to dementia patient's caregiver burden and FCBSD-K was useful in assessing the dementia patient's caregiver burden in Korea.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a quality of life scale for Korean patients with cancer (C-QOL). Methods: The C-QOL was developed and validated as follows, item generation, pilot study, and psychometric tests. A total of 337 patients diagnosed with stomach, liver, lung, colon, breast, or cervix cancer were recruited. The patients were asked to complete the preliminary questionnaire comprising the content-validated items, the SF-36, and the ECOG performance status. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, multidimensional scaling (MDS), multitrait/multi-item matrix, ANOVA, t-test, and Cronbach's alpha. Results: Preliminarily twenty-six items were generated through content validity and a pilot study. Factor analysis and MDS extracted a total of 21 items with a 5-point Likert-type scale (C-QOL). The C-QOL included five subscales: physical status (6 items), emotional status (6 items), social function (3 items), concern status (2 items), and coping function (4 items). The C-QOL established content validity, construct validity, item convergent and discriminant validity, known-groups validity, reliability, and sensitivity. Conclusion: The Newly developed C-QOL is an easily applicable instrument which established psychometric properties and reflected Korean culture. It is recommended for further study to examine the responsiveness of the C-QOL using a longitudinal research design.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2004

This paper describes the fault diagnosis method to order to construct CIM in complex system with hierarchical structure similar to human body structure. Complex system is divided into unit, item and component. For diagnosing this hierarchical complex system, it is necessary to implement a special neural network. Fault diagnosis system can forecast faults in a system and decide from the signal information of current machine state. Comparing with other diagnosis system for a single fault, the developed system deals with multiple fault diagnosis, comprising hierarchical neural network (HNN). HNN consists of four level neural network, i.e. first is fault symptom classification and second fault diagnosis for item, third is symptom classification and forth fault diagnosis for component. UNIX IPC is used for implementing HNN with multitasking and message transfer between processes in SUN workstation with X-Windows (Motif). We tested HNN at four units, seven items per unit, seven components per item in a complex system. Each one neural network represents a separate process in UNIX operating system, information exchanging and cooperating between each neural network was done by message queue.