• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.137-138
• /
• 2011

Mainly in construction liens to four contractors do not receive your order is caused by construction. This construction does not receive construction compunction to protect the contractor, I guess. On the other hand, the medium and small construction companies and contractors that could threaten the order four can be a problem. In this study, small construction companies to the lien of the lien claim on the issue of case studies have looked for the study. Small construction companies, in your case through the litigation between the lien of the lien litigation perspective, the cause of four orders after the analysis step by step construction was listed in chronological order. Identifying problem was the result of a lien. This study to previous studies regarding the lien on the issue through case studies of one kind of lien was derived for the problem. A follow-up studies and more case studies and interviews are considered necessary in the study.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.317-326
• /
• 2011

With its recent advances, nanotechnology is now being applied to various areas. Despite the benefits of nanoparticles, their risk in the environment has caused controversy, which is now becoming an international issue. Nanoparticles can easily infiltrate into cells, accumulate in biota, and may cause adverse effects in the levels of molecules, cells and organisms, and in the community. If nanoparticles are released into the environment, they can be transferred to organisms in the ecosystem, and eventually to the human body through the food chain. In this study, the research trend of the trophic transfer of nanoparticles in the food chain was investigated. Although a few investigations have been conducted regarding this topic, the trophic transfer of nanoparticles is becoming a significant issue in the area of nanotoxicology due to the potential risk to humans via the biomagnification process. While previous studies have demonstrated evidence of the trophic transfer of nanoparticles intensive future studies are needed to provide further information on the properties of nanomaterials, the exposure media, and the in vivo mechanisms such as uptake, accumulation, and depuration.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2018.07a
• /
• pp.156-158
• /
• 2018

The inconsistencies between paralleled battery cells are becoming more considerable issue in high capacity battery applications like electric vehicles. Due to differences in state-of-charge (SOC) and internal resistance within individual cells in parallel, charging or discharging current is not appropriately balanced to each cell in terms of SOC, which may shorten the lifetime or sometimes cause safety issues. In this paper, an intelligent cell-balancing algorithm is proposed to overcome the inconsistency issue especially for paralleled battery cells. In this scheme, SOC information collected in the sub-BMS module is sent to the main-BMS module, where the number of parallel cells to be connected to DC bus is continuously updated based on the suggested SOC comparison rule. To verify the method, operation of the algorithm on 4 paralleled battery cells are simulated on Matlab/Simulink. The simulation result shows that the SOCs of paralleled cells are evenly redistributed. It is expected that the proposed algorithm provides high reliable and prolong the life cycle and working capacity of the battery pack.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 2017

In human reliability analysis, dependence assessment is an important issue in risky large complex systems, such as operation of a nuclear power plant. Many existing methods depend on an expert's judgment, which contributes to the subjectivity and restrictions of results. Recently, a computational method, based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory and analytic hierarchy process, has been proposed to handle the dependence in human reliability analysis. The model can deal with uncertainty in an analyst's judgment and reduce the subjectivity in the evaluation process. However, the computation is heavy and complicated to some degree. The most important issue is that the existing method is in a positive aspect, which may cause an underestimation of the risk. In this study, a new evidential analytic hierarchy process dependence assessment methodology, based on the improvement of existing methods, has been proposed, which is expected to be easier and more effective.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2009

This study aimed to find major issues on negotiations of the BTL project, to analysis the degree, and to investigate the underlying cause and propose solutions. Data were collected from authorities in charge and the companies which have participated in BTL projects. Also, the weights of major issues were analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy Process method(AHP), which uses pair-wise comparison between variables, and the degree of them were listed in the quantitative way. As a result, 4 part had each 2 reasons and others had one reason among 6 negotiation parts of first step. In addition, the solutions were indicated.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.99-109
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Retail workers have a role in attending to customers better, not only making sales to them. In this regard, this research focuses on having a clear understanding of the effects of emotional factors and job stress on mental health for retail sales workers. Research design, data and methodology: The present research conducted both a qualitative textual analysis and interview. This research method is quite useful because it relates the information collected with the research gap. Qualitative data is time-consuming type of data to analyze since it involves interpreting words rather than numbers. Results: The findings showed that emotional labor and stress may not only cause mental harm to the employees but can result in adverse reaction to the customers. Retail employees need to express their true emotions and avoid pretending to be helped with a clear understanding of their needs. Conclusion: This study conclude that motional labor and stress to the retail workers is a real issue that has affected many people around the globe and there is a need to conduct more research on the issue to help employees serve customers much better. Stress among sales workers results to poor working morale and thus affects the entire organization at large.

• Journal of KIBIM
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2022

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are the leading cause of accidental death among children. RTA reduction is becoming an increasingly important social issue among children. Municipalities aim to resolve this issue by introducing "Smart Pedestrian Crosswalks" that help prevent traffic accidents near children's facilities. Nonetheless such facilities tend to be installed in relatively limited number of areas, such as the school zone. In order for budget allocation to be efficient and policy effects maximized, optimal location selection based on machine learning is needed. In this paper, we employ machine learning models to select the optimal locations for smart pedestrian crosswalks to reduce the RTAs of children. This study develops an optimal location index using variable importance measures. By using k-means clustering method, the authors classified the crosswalks into three types after the optimal location selection. This study has broadened the scope of research in relation to smart crosswalks and traffic safety. Also, the study serves as a unique contribution by integrating policy design decisions based on public and open data.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.106-114
• /
• 2011

While multiple medication is an important global medication safety issue, ununified concomitant medication by multiple prescriptions may cause more severe problems by the fact that those are neither intended nor watched. This could cause therapy duplication and severe drug interaction and etc. Korean Government made region wide scale programs twice to detect such problems and give warnings to pharmacists and doctors through the internet system in 2009-2010, which are called Drug Use Review Services Pilot Project. This study is an analysis and comparison of the results of the two DUR pilot projects. There were 5.0 and 4.2 cases of severe drug interaction by the concomitant medication of multiple doctors' prescriptions per 10 thousand prescriptions, while only 0.37 and 0 cases by the medication of same doctor's prescription(s). There were 426 and 381 cases of drug duplication by the concomitant medication of multiple doctors' prescriptions per 10 thousand cases, while only 197 and 23 cases by medication of same doctors' prescription(s). Doctors' participation to those projects improved at Jejudo the later one compared to Goyangsi the former, which means the efforts of them to make less prescription problems succeeded to decrease the number of cases caused from same doctor's prescription. But they could not decrease the number of problem cases caused from concomitant medication by multiple doctors prescriptions enough. The findings support the issue of strengthening and widening the project nation wide and the issue of recommending the patients to designate their own pharmacy, which can provide them counseling for unified and safety controlled medication.

• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.93-127
• /
• 2002

This paper deals with a class of Middle English impersonal constructions that involve verbs of two-place argument structure. As is generally understood, the term 'impersonal' is notoriously murky, and after all those researches that have been performed in this area, quite a few issues still remain controversial. The issues we center around in the present study concern the following two. In the type of impersonal constructions we consider, the two arguments-Cause and Experiencer-are both expressed in oblique case, posing the problem of determining which of them functions as the grammatical subject. The issue, however. is not how an argument in oblique case can be taken as the subject: it is well blown that the so called 'dative subject Experiencer' already occurred in Old English. The real issue is why both of the arguments are syntactically realized as nonnominative. The other issue concerns the 3rd-person singular form of the verb. Here again, the crux of the problem may be blurred by the fact that impersonal construction is often defined as one in which the verb has 3rd-person singular form with no apparent nominative W controlling verb concord. But this definition is more nebulous than clear because the notion 'subjectless' is itself highly controversial. Thus, for an expression like me thinketh that-S, it may well be that the verb thinketh ('seems') is 3rd-person singular because the that-clause is the subject. What should be explained of the data brought up here is why the impersonal verb is 3rd-person singular when neither of the NPs associated with it is 3rd person or singular. I argue that we can account for our paradigm examples by looking upon them as 'mixed construction' in which semantic interpretation conflicts with syntactic parsing as a result of case syncretism and gradual establishment of SVO word order. This amounts to saying that the peculiarities of the construction originate with the confused use of impersonal verbs between the sense of 'give an impression' and that of 'receive and impression.'

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2014

This study investigated how social issues are interpreted and presented in Twitter in comparison to newspapers, considering Twitter functions as the media for information transmission and public opinion formation. this study used one of Twitter's media agenda, MBC strike, and analyzed how Twitter and newspaper deal with the issue of the MBC strike differently. The content analysis was performed to examine the differences. The categories for the content analysis include; message format, information sources, perspectives to be expressed, the frame of human interests, and the frame of cause-assigning. The results found out significant differences between Twitter and newspapers, which are related to essential differences between Twitter and newspaper as communication media.