• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2001

Background: Recent in vivo experimental evidence suggests that isoflurane-induced cardioprotection may involve $K_{ATP}$ channel activation. However, it was demonstrated that isoflurane inhibited $K_{ATP}$ channel activities in the inside-out patch mode. To explain this discrepancy, the present investigation tested the hypothesis that a metabolite of isoflurane, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), contributes to isoflurnae-induced cardioprotection via $K_{ATP}$ channel activation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Methods: Single ventricular myocytes were isolated from rabbit hearts by an enzymatic dissociation procedure. Patch-clamp techniques were used to record single-channel currents. $K_{ATP}$ channel activities were assessed before and after the application of TFA with the inside-out patch mode. Results: TFA enhanced channel activity in a concentration-dependent fashion. The concentration of TFA for half-maximal activation and the Hill coefficient were 0.03 mM and 1.2, respectively. TFA did not affect the single channel conductance of $K_{ATP}$ channels. Analysis of open and closed time distributions showed that TFA increased burst duration and decreased the interburst interval without changes in open and closed time distributions shorter than 5 ms. TFA diminished ATP sensitivity of $K_{ATP}$ channels in a concentration-response relationship for ATP. Conclusions: TFA, a metabolite of isoflurane, enhanced $K_{ATP}$ channel activity in a concentration-dependent fashion. These results imply that TFA could mediate isoflurane-induced cardioprotection via $K_{ATP}$ channel activation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.

• 한국임상수의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상수의학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.144-144
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• 2006

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 개에서 전침술이 isoflurane 마취시의 MAC 및 심맥관계에 미치는 영향 및 전침처치시간에 따른 차이에 대하여 조사하였다. 임상적으로 건강한 19개월령, 수컷 비글견 8두를 사용하였다. 대조군, 비혈위 전기자극군, 30분간 전침군(SP-6) 및 연속 전침군(SP-6C)으로 나누어 군 당 5두씩 무작위로 최소 7일간의 휴약기를 두며 실험에 사용하였다. 전침처치는 SP-6 혈위에 2-4V 20Hz로 30분간(SP-6)또는 MAC의 측정이 끝날 때 까지 연속적으로(SP-6C) 실시하였다. SP-6C군에서의 전침자극시간은 70-90분이었다. Isoflurane으로 마취를 유도한 후 전침을 실시하고 MAC와 cardiovascular parameters를 측정 하였다. 전침 후 MAC는 SP-6 및 SP-6C 군에서 각각 21.3$\pm$8.0% 및 16.1$\pm$4.6% 씩 유의적으로 저하되었으나(p<0.05) 전침시간에 따른 유의성은 없었다. 그러나 대조군과 비혈위 전기자극군에 비해서는 유의적으로 저하되었다(p<0.05). 전침처치 후 심맥관계에는 유의성 있는 변화가 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아, SP-6혈위에 대한 전침은 개에서 심맥관계의 부작용을 최소화하면서isoflurane의 MAC을 유의성 있게 감소시켰으며, 이러한 효과는 30분간의 전침자극으로 충분하다고 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6703-6707
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• 2014

Objective: To observe the influence of propofol, isoflurane and enflurance on interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-10 levels in cancer patients. Methods: Ninety cancer patients with selective operation from March 2011 to May 2014 were randomly divided into group A (34 cases), group B (28 cases) and group C (28 cases). Intramuscular injections of scopine hydrochloride and phenobarbital sodium were routinely conducted to 3 groups. After general anesthesia was induced, tracheal intubations were given. During the maintenance of anesthesia, 0.5~1.0 mg/kg propofol was intravenously injected to group A discontinuously, while continuous suctions of isoflurane and enflurance were subsequently performed to group B and C correspondingly. Clinical outcomes, postoperative complications as well as serum IL-8 and IL-10 levels before operation (T0), at the time of skin incision (T1), 3 h after the beginning of the operation (T2) and 24 h (T3) and 72 h (T4) after the operation were observed among 3 groups. Results: Operations in all groups were successfully completed. The rates of surgery associated complications were 8.82% (3/34), 7.14% (2/28) and 7.14% (2/28) in group A, B and C, respectively, and there were no significant differences (P>0.05). Serum IL-8 and IL-10 levels increased gradually from the beginning of the operation and reached the peak at T3, and were evidently higher at each time point than at T0 (P<0.01). At T1, serum IL-8 and IL-10 levels had no significant differences among 3 groups (P>0.05), but the differences were significant at T2, T3 and T4 (P<0.05). Moreover, correlation analysis suggested that serum IL-8 level was in positive relation with IL-10 level (r=0.952, P<0.01). Conclusions: Propofol, which is better in inhibiting serum IL-8 secretion and improving IL-10 secretion than isoflurane and enflurance, can be regarded as a preferable anesthetic agent in inhibiting traumatic inflammatory responses.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2012

본 실험에서는 propofol과 remifentanil 병용 마취법 사용 시 안압 및 혈액학적 변화를 측정하고 isoflurane 마취 결과와 비교하였다. 건강한 14마리의 비글견을 7마리씩 2군 (PRP군, ISF군)으로 나누었으며 PRP군은 마취 도입 10분 전에 acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IV)으로 전마취제 투여하고 atracurium 0.1 mg/kg 투여 후, propofol (5 mg/kg, IV)으로 마취 유도하였다. 마취 유지에는 propofol (0.2 mg/kg/min)과 remifentanil ($0.5{\mu}g/kg/min$)을 사용하였다. ISF군에서는 propofol (5~7 mg/kg, IV)로 마취를 유도하고, isoflurane 흡입마취법으로 마취를 유지하였다. 초기 isoflurane 농도를 3%으로 유지하다가 마취가 안정된 후 1.9%로 낮추어 유지 하였다. 모든 군에서 간헐적인 100% 양압 호흡을 사용해 $CO_2$는 38에서 45 mmHg사이를 유지하고 $SpO_2$는 95에서 100사이를 유지하였다. 총 마취 시간은 90분이었으며 안압, 혈압, 심박수를 각각 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90에 측정을 하였다. 실험 결과 propofol과 remifentanil 병용마취법이 isoflurane 흡입마취법 보다 안정적으로 안압과 혈압을 낮출 수 있었다.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.114-117
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• 2002

Special anesthetic considerations were required for children with acute or chronic liver disease. We experienced a case of dental treatment to control infection under general anesthesia in the 2-year-old girl with liver failure. She was also scheduled for liver tansplantation. Her preanesthetic results of liver function test, electrolytes, and coagulation panel were unstable and out of normal ranges. Uneventful anesthetic induction using isoflurane and atracurium and nasotracheal intubation were carried out. General anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane for 2 hours. Oozing from multiple extraction sites was sustained, so the transfusion of platelet concentration 1 units, fresh frozen plasma 1 unit, and packed red blood cell 1 unit was done. She was recovered without complication but was transferred to pediatric intensive care unit for wound care with her endotracheal tube kept. She was transferred to a ward without noticeable complications next day. So we report this successful case of anesthetic management for dental treatment in a child with liver failure.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.579-589
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• 2017

Anesthetics are used extensively in surgeries and related procedures to prevent pain. However, there is some concern regarding neuronal degeneration and cognitive deficits arising from regular anesthetic exposure. Recent studies have indicated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) are involved in learning and memory processes. Genistein, a plant-derived isoflavone, has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects. The present study was performed to examine the protective effect of genistein against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neonatal rats were exposed to isoflurane (0.75%, 6 hours) on postnatal day 7 (P7). Separate groups of rat pups were orally administered genistein at doses of 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg body weight from P3 to P15 and then exposed to isoflurane anesthesia on P7. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay and FluoroJade B staining following isoflurane exposure. Genistein significantly reduced apoptosis in the hippocampus, reduced the expression of proapoptotic factors (Bad, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3), and increased the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. RT-PCR analysis revealed enhanced BDNF and TrkB mRNA levels. Genistein effectively upregulated cAMP levels and phosphorylation of CREB and TrkB, leading to activation of cAMP/CREB-BDNF-TrkB signaling. PI3K/Akt signaling was also significantly activated. Genistein administration improved general behavior and enhanced learning and memory in the rats. These observations suggest that genistein exerts neuroprotective effects by suppressing isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis and by activating cAMP/CREB-BDNF-TrkB-PI3/Akt signaling.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2015

국내에서 말 마취에 관한 보고서는 매우 드물다. 본 연구의 목적은 말임상에서 마취중 폐사율을 알아보기 위하여 2005년 1월부터 2010년 10월까지 부산경남경마공원 동물병원에서 Thoroughbred 경주마를 대상으로 조사하였다. 기간 중 전마취는 detomidine hydrochloride(0.01 mg/kg) 또는 xylazine(0.5 mg/kg)를 사용하였고, 근육이완제는 guaifenesin(50-100 mg/kg)을 사용하였으며, ketamine hydrochloride(2 mg/kg)으로 정맥전신마취를 유도하였고, 그 후 isoflurane(1.3-1.5%)으로 흡입마취를 유지하였다. 190 마리 중 각각 150 마리가 흡입마취를, 40 마리가 정맥마취를 받았다. 마취 목적은 근골격계 장애를 위한 수술이 가장 흔하였고 다음으로는 비뇨기계와 호흡기계 순이었다. 마취에 의한 폐사는 골편을 제거하기 위한 관절경수술을 받는 경우에서 한 건이 있었다. 마취시간은 150 분이었으며 사인은 마취기계 미숙에 의한 저산소증이었다. 결론적으로 Thoroughbred 경주마의 마취중 폐사율은 0.52%로 나타났다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2002

본 실험은 각각의 마취방법이 체성감각유발전위 (SEPs) 파형에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 SEP의 측정에 적절한 마취방법을 찾고자 시행하였다. 임상적으로 건강하고 크기와 나이가 비슷한 다섯 마리의 잡종견을 대상으로 SEPs를 측정하고 각각의 측정값을 분석하였다. SEPs측정을 위해 후 경골신경을 자극하였고 요추 5-6번 사이에서 channel 1의 LP1과 LN1, 흉추 11-12사이에서 channel 2의 TP1, TN1을 기록하였다. 실험에 사용한 마취방법 중. Acepromazine + Thiopental Na + Isoflurane, Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane, Diazepam + Xylazine, Xylazine + Ketamine, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion, 및 Propofol infusion등의 방법만이 SEPs측정이 가능하였고, 파형은 명확하였으며, 측정에 요구되어지는 일정 시간인 25분 이상 동안 마취 유지가 가능하였다. 또한 각 마취군에서의 SEPs 파형을 Acepromazine + Thiopental Na + Isoflurane군과 비교해 보았을 때 latency의 경우, Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane군의 ST(stimulating point)-LN1, SP-TP1, Diazepam + Xylazine 군의 Chl-Ch2, Xylazine + Ketamine군의 Chl-Ch2, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion군의 ST-LP1와 Chl-Ch2에서 부분적으로 유의적인 차가 있었다. Conduction velocity의 경우, Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane군의 ST-LN1, Diazepam + Xylazine군의 Chl-Ch2, Xylazine + Ketamine군의 Chl-Ch2, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion군의 ST-LP1, 그리고 Propofol infusion군의 ST-LN1의 측정값에서 유의적인 차가 있었지만 전반적으로는 전체적인 파형의 유의적인 변화는 없었다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 SEPs 측정시 흡입마취로는 Acepromazine + Thiopental + Isoflurane과 Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane, 주사마취로는 Diazepam + Xylazine과 Xylazine + Ketamine, 점적마취로는 Acepromazine + Propofol infusion과 Propofol infusion 방법이 사용 가능한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권4권
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• pp.447-452
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• 2006

This study was performed to compare propofol, thiopental, etomidate and diazepam plus ketamin as induction agents for the isoflurane anesthesia in dogs. Experimental groups were divided into low groups (thiopental group: thiopental 15 mg/kg IV, propofol group: propofol mg/kg IV, etomidate group: etomidate 1.5 mg/kg IV, DZP+KET group: diazepam 0.5 mg/kg + ketamine 5 mg/kg, IV) and each group was consisted of 4 dogs. Cardiorespiratory changes (heart rate, $SpO_2$, respiratory rate, End-tidal $CO_2$ and body temperature), blood serum chemistry values (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransforase, and total protein), and recovery and walking time were measured. The end tidal carbon dioxide level was significantly increased in the thiopental group (P<0.05). Heart rate and respiratory rate higher in the DZP+KET groups. There was hypothermia in all groups and significant decrease in body temperature was showed in thiopental group (p<0.05). Mean arousal time and mean walking time were significantly longer in thiopental group (P<0.05). Cardiovascular stimulating effects were minimal in etomidate group. Etomidate provides uneventful and rapid recovery.