• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2015

Islands are often habitats to unique species because they have different environmental conditions from the mainland and other islands. Another characteristic of islands is their limited natural resources, which has led island residents to heavily rely on traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and use resources sustainably. The so-called "Maeul landscape" shows the interrelationship of biological species and people's use of natural resources. Shinan-gun is an administrative district located in the southwestern part of Korea that forms an archipelago with huge tidal flat areas. Since long ago, people's use of these tidal flats shows a high degree of biocultural diversity. Maeul landscapes also show humans' adaptation to the natural environment. For instance, strong winds blowing mainly from the northwest have led people in Shinan-gun to create "Ushil," a windbreak forest with stone blocks to block wind from their villages and agricultural fields. At present, the transfer of TEK to future generations is at stake due to socio-economic changes that cause island populations to shrink and age rapidly. Islands are often regarded as good destinations for tourism, but attention should also be given to sustainable development due to the environmental characteristics of islands. International organizations are making efforts to curb the threats of global environmental problems especially on small islands. Their activities are aimed at seeking solutions that stress the central role of biocultural diversity in establishing the sustainable use of natural resources on islands. Joint efforts oflocal people and government authorities to protect and conserve the Maeul landscape should be encouraged.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2014

In order for effective heat island reduction policies to be proposed, this research made use of the land usage and land coverage and Temperature of cities, Coordinate axis data within 500 meters of nationwide automatic weather stations (478 points) in order to analyze the correlation of summertime temperatures through multiple regression analysis. This research also developed a model and empirically analyzed the urban heat island reduction effect of factors that affect regional temperatures. Heat islands cause environment deterioration and therefore can harm citizens' health, and also affects the city's metabolism process. Thus in order to restrain regional temperature rises the conclusion was drawn that consideration to increase forest areas on part of land usage planning is needed. Appropriate policy measures to regulate traffic related factors are also needed to restrain regional temperature rises. In order for future heat island reduction this research proposes a way to set up more effective policies and urban sustainability improvement strategies, and is significant in that it makes use of detailed data such as land usage and land coverage, Temperature of cities, Coordinate axis in analyses.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

본 연구는 조선시대 토지제도 및 그 시대 사람들의 토지에 대한 인식을 바탕으로 고산 윤선도의 보길도 입도 배경 및 부용동 원림의 조성 특징 등을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 부용동 원림의 조영의도를 사회경제적 측면에서 해석하였다. 조선시대 토지제도와 인식을 살펴보면, 산림천택(山林川澤)의 토지는 공유지였다. 그러나 금산(禁山)을 제외한 지역은 입안(立案)과 분묘의 금양 등을 통해 공유지를 사점하려는 행위가 활발했다. 조선시대 보길도는 소나무를 보호하기 위한 금산으로 지정되어 있었기 때문에 민가정원을 조성하는 것은 매우 어려운 상황이었다. 윤선도는 병자호란 직후, 산림을 보호한다는 명분으로 금산이었던 보길도에 입도하고 부용동 원림을 조성하였다. 보길도는 가문의 전장 관리를 위해 주변지역으로의 이동이 용이한 지역이며, 산림 자원이 풍부하고, 어염 등 경제적 가치가 있는 자원도 확보할 수 있는 섬이다. 이처럼 윤선도는 금산 보호라는 공적인 명분으로 보길도에 입도하였으나 산림 및 어염자원을 획득할 수 있고 가문의 전장 확대 및 관리가 용이하다는 경제적 이점도 고려하였을 것이라 추정된다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2017

In this study, land-use changes from 1990 to 2010 in Jeju Island by different approaches were produced and compared to suggest a more efficient approach. In a sample-based method, land-use changes were analyzed with different sampling intensities of 2 km and 4 km grids, which were distributed by the fifth National Forest Inventory (NFI5), and their uncertainty was assessed. When comparing the uncertainty for different sampling intensities, the one with the grid of 2 km provided more precise information; ranged from 6.6 to 31.3% of the relative standard error for remaining land-use categories for 20 years. On the other hand, land-cover maps by a wall-to-wall approach were produced by using time-series Landsat imageries. Forest land increased from 34,194 ha to 44,154 ha for 20 years, where about 69% of total forest land were remained as forest land and 19% and 8% within forest lands were converted to grassland and cropland, respectively. In the case of grassland, only about 40% of which were remained as grassland and most of the area were converted to forest land and cropland. When comparing land-cover area by land-use categories with land-use statistics, forest areas were underestimated while areas of cropland and grassland were overestimated. In order to analyze land use change, it is necessary to establish a clear and consistent definition on the six land use classification.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.241-255
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• 2020

Background: The stem exclusion stage is a stage of forest development that is important for understanding the subsequent understory reinitiation stage and maturation stage during which horizontal heterogeneity is formed. Over the past 11 years (2009-2019), we observed a deciduous broad-leaved forest in the Albongbunji Basin in Ulleungdo, South Korea in its stem exclusion stage, where Fagus engleriana (Engler's beech) is the dominant species, thereby analyzing the changes in the structure (density and size distributions), function (biomass and species richness), and demographics. Results: The mean stem density data presented a bell-shaped curve with initially increasing, peaking, and subsequently decreasing trends in stem density over time, and the mean biomass data showed a sigmoidal pattern indicating that the rate of biomass accumulation slowed over time. Changes in the density and biomass of Fagus engleriana showed a similar trend to the changes in density and biomass at the community level, which is indicative of the strong influence of this species on the changing patterns of forest structure and function. Around 2015, a shift between recruitment and mortality rates was observed. Deterministic processes were the predominant cause of tree mortality in our study; however, soil deposition that began in 2017 in some of the quadrats resulted in an increase in the contribution of stochastic processes (15% in 2019) to tree mortality. The development of horizontal heterogeneity was observed in forest gaps. Conclusions: Our observations showed a dramatic shift between the recruitment and mortality rates in the stem exclusion stage, and that disturbance increases the uncertainty in forest development increases. The minor changes in species composition are likely linked to regional species pool and the limited role of the life-history strategy of species such as shade tolerance and habitat affinity. Our midterm records of ecological succession exhibited detailed demographic dynamics and contributed to the improvement of an ecological perspective in the stem exclusion stage.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2021

목적: 본 연구에서 실험대상자들이 삼다수 숲에서 산림욕 후에 타액 코르티솔, 혈관건강 타입 및 혈관건강 지수가 어떻게 변화하는지를 확인하기 위하여 조사하였다. 방법: 삼림에서 걸은 후에 타액의 측정과 심장박동 변이를 측정하여 혈관 상태의 변화를 조사했다. 결과: 삼다수 숲에서 두 시간 동안 산림욕을 한 실험군에서는 타액에 분비되는 스트레스 cortisol 함량은 숲을 방문하기 전보다 유의성 있게 감소하였다(p<.05). 또한 혈관연령 타입은 유의하게 증가하였고(p<.03), 혈관연령 지수는 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.032). 대조군에서는 유의한 결과가 나타나지 않았다. 결론: 제주도 삼다수 숲에서 산림욕이 타액 코르티솔의 감소와 혈관 연령의 증가에 영향을 주어서 건강증진에 효과가 있었다고 평가할 수 있다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.9-23
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• 2024

This study investigates the physiological and psychological effects of a nature-based outdoor activity program in an environment reflecting the characteristics of forest and coastal areas on 30 firefighters (average age: 40.4 ± 9.8 years) who are frequently exposed to dangerous situations. Blood pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate variability were used as physiological measurement indicators, and the Korean versions of PANAS (positive affect and negative affect schedule), WEMWBS (Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale), and PRS (perceived restorativeness scale) were used as psychological measurement indicators. For four days and three nights, the participants experienced programs at Hallyeohaesang Nature Center and the surrounding mountains, seas, and islands, utilizing forest resources such as trekking on forest trails, walking barefoot, taking aromatic footbaths, meditating in forest oxygen domes, and lying on relaxation chairs, and programs utilizing marine resources such as taking a boat to an island, walking on forest trails with seascape views, and sailing on a yacht. Participants' systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure decreased, and participants' positive emotions increased and negative emotions decreased after the program. There was a statistically significant increase in mental well-being and perceived restorative environment. Through this study, it was found that nature-based outdoor activity programs based on forest and marine resources are effective in physiological and psychological stability of firefighters. It is hoped that the results of this study will be applied to other high-risk workers for PTSD, who have high stress levels, by combining forest healing and marine healing, and expanding the scope and diversity of programs in more diverse environments and conditions.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.334-351
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• 1997

난대 상록활엽수림 복원 모형 연구의 사례지인 완도의 식생구조를 조사하였다. 완도의 사록활엽수림은 붉가시나무가 우점종이었으며, 수령 30여년 미만의 맹아림이 대부분이었다. 중복부와 산록부에는 조림식생과 낙엽활엽수림이, 능선부와 고지대에는 졸참나무, 개서어나무, 소사나무 등의 낙엽활엽수림이 발달하고 있었으며, 임상층에서 상록활엽수종이 활착하고 있었다. 47개 조사구에서 60% 이상의 상재도를 나타낸 상록활엽수종은 광나무, 마삭줄, 붉가시나무, 사스레피나무이었다. 본 조사지역 내에 출현한 관속식물상은 101과 321속 426종 56변종, 5품종 및 1교잡종 등 촌 488종류로 파악되었으며 이 중에서 상록성 수목은 23속 30종 2변종 등 32종류이었다. 12개 조사지역에서 100%의 상재도를 나타낸 종은 맥문동과 칡이었으며, 50% 이상인 종은 덜꿩나무, 마삭줄 등 40종류이었다. 한편 상재도가 8% 이하인 식물종은 가래나무, 말채나무, 병아리꽃나무 등 209종류이었다. 식물종 다양성은 장기간 인간간섭으로 조사지역간 특이한 사항은 보이지 않았으나, 곰솔림이 155종으로 가장 높은 값을 보인 반면에 생달나무-마삭줄군락은 23종으로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.1181-1187
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• 2003

Hibiscus hamabo, called "Hwang-geun", growing about 3m in height is a deciduous shrub or subtree of Malvaceae. Because the number of these species is very limited in the world, the Ministry of Environment has designated H. hamabo as a preserved plant. The Korea Forest Service also protects it strictly by law since H. hamabo is an out-of-the-way plant and possibly may be exterminated soon in Korea. Investigation for distribution and ecological characteristics of the habitat for H. hamabo was carried out on Soan Island. Two wild H. hamabo were found at the forest edge (equation omitted) along the sea coast located in the southern part of Soan Island and this was the first report in the Korean academic world. These two wild H. hamabos were growing in a naturally inhibited area. The diameters at the base were 12cm and 15cm. The Tree heights were 150cm and 210cm and the number of branches of each wild H. hamabo was 4 and 7. However, the present condition of these plants was not good. Environmental conditions of the naturally inhibited area of H. hamabo were very mild because it is located at the edge of the forest and is always sunny during the daytime since the slope of the inhibited area is facing South. The ground drained very well since the soil was made of gravels and sand. Because the percent of vegetation of the subtree layer where H. hamabo was growing was 40%, the cover degree and sociability of flex crenata trees and Eurya japonica were found to be high. In the naturally inhibited area of H. hamabo, a dominant value of Rubus parvifolius in the lower part of the herb layer was very high and many plants in Compositae, such as Artemisia princeps var. orientalis and Erigeron annuus, were also present. A dominant value of liana, such as Vitis thunbergii var. sinuata, Rosa multiflora, Clematis terniflora and Hedera rhombea, and Gramineae plants that rhizomes were well developed and aggressively propagated, such as Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Phragmites communis, Spodiopogon cotulifer and Oplismenus undulatifolius which were surveyed as high, too. These results imply that H. hamabo might be exterminated soon through a natural selection if the proper management of the naturally inhibited area of H. hamabo is not conducted continually.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.49-61
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• 1976

A survey was conducted on the vegetation of Judo and Gamagseum in warm temperate zone of Southern Korea. They are covered with natural vegetation, evergreen forest dominated with Castanopsis cuspiadata in Judo and Machilus thunbergii in Gamagseum. Judo is a small island, ca. 1.75 ha, located within the Wando port. Since the flora of Wando including the Judo was reported in 1924, some investigator have reported evergreen trees of Judo. But the list of plant species of Judo is still unavailable. Gamagseum, located at the 15km morth of Judo, is a small island, ca. 1.45 ha, cosisting of two islands, Dae-o-do and So-o-do in low tide, and the report of its flora and any other survery on its is almost none. The vegetatons of Judo and Gamagseum are an example of natural forest vegetation occured rarely in warm temperate zone because of human disturbance in the southern coast zone of the Korean Peninsula. However, the ecological study of those vegetation has not ever been made, and the ecological or plant geographical situations of their vegetation is not clear. To determine the vegetation type, listing of plant species in the islands, calculation of basal area of trees over DBH=4.5cm, Raunkiaer's life form, leaf size class, Pte.-Q and etc., were studied. Total plant species of Judo was 110 species and that of Gamagseum was 99 species. In Judo, Castanopsis cuspidata was 1384 individuals among 2359 individuals over DBH=4.5cm, and in Gamagseum, Machilus thunbergii was remarkably abundant and Castanopsis cuspidata could not be found.