• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.142-146
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate changes in quality of life (QoL) in patients with neurogenic bladder treated with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), who changed from a multiple use catheter (MUC) to single use catheter (SUC). Methods: The Modified Intermittent Self-Catheterization Questionnaire (mISC-Q) was used to determine potential changes in patients' QoL as a result of switching from MUC to SUC. The mISC-Q consists of questions within four categories: ease of use, convenience, discreetness, and symptomatic benefit. Answers were graded as Strongly agree (+2), Agree (+1), Not sure (0), Disagree (-1), and Strongly disagree (-2). Overall patient QoL, as well as by sex, disease (presence of augmentation cystoplasty), and catheterization route (via urethra or urinary diversion), were analyzed. Results: Thirty-eight patients (21M:17F; mean age: $21.7{\pm}5.3y$) submitted questionnaires. For ease of use, SUC was significantly better than MUC (score: 0.364, P=0.002) in all patients. Patients with catheterization via the urethra showed significant favor for SUC in ease of use (score: 0.512, P<0.001) and convenience (score: 0.714, P=0.011), but patients with catheterization via the abdominal stoma of urinary diversion gave negative scores in all categories, though no categories were significant. Conclusion: This study suggested that changing from MUC to SUC may lead to improvements in QoL, especially regarding ease of use. This benefit was clearly found in patients with catheterization via urethra rather than abdominal stoma of urinary diversion.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.300-305
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• 2011

The present study was investigated the neuroprotective effects of acupuncture at ST36 on learning and memory deficits after transient cerebral ischemia in a gerbil model. The animals were randomly divided into three groups (n=7 in each group): the sham operation group (SHAM), ischemia-induced and ST36 acupuncture group (ISC + ST36), and the ischemia-induced and Tail-acupuncture group (ISC + TAIL). For the acupuncture stimulation, stainless steel needles, 0.3 mm in diameter, were inserted bilaterally into the ST36 locus or the tail and stimulated for 1 min/day for 14 days. Using the Morris water maze test, the animals were tested on spatial learning and memory. In addition, the effects of acupuncture on memory storage and the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, in the hippocampal CA1 area, were investigated by ChAT immunohistochemistry. Transient cerebral ischemia produced impaired performance on the MWM test (DAY 5: p<0.01 and retention test: p<0.05) and severely decreased ChAT immunoreactivity in the CA1 hippocampal area compared to the SHAM group (p<0.05). However, improved learning and memory were observed (DAY 5: p<0.05 and retention test: p<0.01) as well as a significantly reduced loss of ChAT immunoactivity in the hippocampal CA1 region (p<0.001) after acupuncture stimulation at ST36 were observed. These results show that acupuncture at ST36 ameliorated the learning and memory deficits at least in part through the cholinergic system. The findings of this study provide potential data that acupuncture is useful for the treatment of some of the behavioral impairs of transient cerebral ischemia.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.443-454
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• 2007

Survey questionnaires were conducted on housewives under 60 who had bought an apartment in Daegu. The data used in this study is collected Dalseo-Gu, Soosung-Gu and Buk-Gu by means of cluster sampling and from those chosen samples I use convenience sampling. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The purpose of this study is to examine housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class closely in order to improve value of apartment and to provide housing plan of apartment supply which is distinguished by a social class and moreover, to achieve efficient marketing strategy according to a recent recognition that housing is a kind of commodities. Objective and subjective measure of value are used to classify a social class. Objective measure of value includes scale apartment, a form of possession, a price of apartment, an occupation of husband, family income and academic background and subjective measure of value includes the standard of living out of people's own head. These measure of value are classified by giving consequence to each item with reference to ISC (index of status characteristics) of Wanner. There is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class as a consequence of this study. Therefore, this study suggests repeatedly that it should need not standardized housing supply but apartment supply of diverse demand desire because there is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.912-917
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• 2001

In this study, we define the measuring method of crank angle precisely using an event and perform a study on the hardware structure and software algorithms which is applicable for the commercial engine. Also we developed a Computer-ECU(Personal computer based electronic control unit) using a computer and a microprocessor, for performing the ignition at a desire position(angle) and for controlling a duty ratio a pulse for ISC(Idle speed control). We applied these algorithms to the modeling which is induced a concept of event and got a better result than a conventional ECU in the state of transient as a result of performing air fuel ratio control in a commercial engine. This technique can be used for the back to improve ECU performance. It the present type of Hybrid I. C voltage regulator is altered to the new type of regulator, we will be surely able to reduce the production cost as well as simplify the design of alternator\`s rear bracket and rectifier part because of the removal of trio diode. Experiment is taken by MS-R004.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2003

A promoter that is inducible by paraquat and menadione, the superoxide generators, independently of soxRS has been found in front of the sufABCDSE operon in Escherichia coli. Based on the observation that SufA is a holomog of IscA that functions in the assembly of iron sulfur cluster and the sufA promoter (sufAp) contains a putative Fur-binding consensus, we investigated whether this gene is regulated by Fur, a ferric uptake regulator, When examined in several sufAp-lacZ chromosomal fusion strains, sufAp was induced by EDTA, an iron chelator and a well-known Fur-inducer, The basal level of sufA expression increased dramatically in fur mutant, suggesting repression of sufAp by Fur. The derepression in fur mutant and EDTA-induction of sufA expression required nucleotides up to -61, where a putative Fur box is located. Purified Fur protein bound to the DNA fragment containing the putative Fur box between -35 and -10 promoter elements. The regulation by Fur and menadione induction of sufAp acted independently. The rpoS mutation increased sufA induction by menadione, suggesting that the stationary sigma factor RpoS acts negatively on sufA induction.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.843-850
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• 2016

This paper introduces a novel modulation scheme for vehicular communication in taking advantage of existing LED lights available on a car. Our proposed 2-Phase Shift Keying (2-PSK) is a spatial modulation approach in which a pair of LED light sources in a car (either rear LEDs or front LEDs) is used as a transmitter. A typical camera (i.e. low frame rate at no greater than 30fps) that either a global shutter camera or a rolling shutter camera can be used as a receiver. The modulation scheme is a part of our Image Sensor Communication proposal submitted to IEEE 802.15.7r1 (TG7r1) recently. Also, a neural network approach is applied to improve the performance of LEDs detection and decoding under the noisy situation. Later, some analysis and experiment results are presented to indicate the performance of our system

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2000

As an energetic focused-ion beam(FIB) is irradiated on an inorganic amorphous thin film a majority of ions without a reflection at surface, is randomly collided with constituent atoms in thin film. but their distribution exhibits generally a systematic form of distribution. In our previous paper we reported the concentration distribution and the transmission per unit depth of Ga$^{+}$ ions penetrated int a-Se$_{75}$ /Ge$_{25}$ thin film using the LSS-based calculation. In this paper these simulated results are compared with those obtained by a conventional profile code(ISC) and a practical SIMS profile. Then the results of LSS-based calculation have only a small difference with those of code and SIMS Especially. in the case of Ga$^{+}$-FIB with an accelerating energy of 15keV. the depth of the maximum ion concentration is coincident with each other in an error range of $\pm$5$\AA$.EX>.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2018

야외 철제 조각 작품 표면 보존용 코팅제로 사용되고 있는 왁스는 대기의 오염과 산성비 등에 의해 노화되어 코팅력이 저하되고 백화현상이 발생하며, 이로 인해 보존처리 후 짧은 시간 내에 재 부식이 발생한다. 또한 색상 및 광택 변화가 일어나 작품 본래의 특성을 잃어버리는 등의 문제점이 나타나고 있어 융합 연구를 통해 기존 재료보다 성능이 개선된 왁스를 개발하고자 하였으며, 염수 분무, 가스 부식 실험 등의 환경실험과 광택도, 열 중량 분석을 통해 물성 효과를 확인하였다. 실험 결과 개발된 ISC왁스는 기존 왁스에 비해 염수로부터 5배 이상의 우수한 차단성과 코팅 지속력을 보여주었으며, 2~4배 이상의 내산성, 2~10배 이상의 자외선 차단성, 3~16배 이상의 증진된 광택 변화량, 0.5~5배 이상의 내열성과 내구성 등을 나타내 기존 왁스 보다 우수한 코팅 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 야외 철제 조각 작품 보존처리에 사용되어 온 기존의 왁스를 대체할 수 있는 재료로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.3740-3747
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• 2009

경주 주변지역 시민들의 건강을 보호하고 보건 환경위해성 평가의 기초자료를 확보하기 위하여 기상학적 요소의 분포특성을 조사하고 RAMS 모델을 이용한 대기 유동장 수치모의를 수행하였다. 또한 대기오염물질 측정 및 분석과 ISC-AERMOD view를 이용한 대기오염물질의 거동을 예측하였으며 대기오염물질 관리를 통한 보건학적 피해 및 재산상의 피해를 예방하기 위한 보건 환경위해성 영향지역을 구분하였다. 경주 및 주변지역의 대기오염도를 조사한 결과 연평균 대기환경기준물질의 농도는 포항, 울산지역에 비해 약간 낮았으나 경주역 광장과 경주 용강사거리의 경우 미세먼지와 이산화질소 농도가 포항 및 울산지역 평균농도보다 높게 나타나는 경우도 발생하였다. 시민들의 건강에 영향을 미치는 대기오염물질의 이동 및 확산에 관한 모델링을 수행한 결과, 포항 철강공단지역은 POSCO와 함께 1공단과 2공단 및 3공단과 4공단 일부 지역이 미세먼지와 아황산가스 영향지역에 포함되었으며, 포항남구 해도동, 상대동, 제철동, 장흥동 등은 철강공업 및 대규모의 산업시설이 밀집되어 있어 다량의 대기오염물질이 배출되어 국지적인 대기환경질을 악화시키고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 태양에너지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.62-78
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• 1992

본 논문은 二(이)가열원 진공증착법을 이용하여 실리콘 웨이퍼의 온도를 190[$^{\circ}C$]로 유지한 상태에서 ITO 박막을 증착, 열처리한 후 $ITO_{(n)}/Si_{(p)}$ 태양전지를 제작하였고 그의 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. $In_2O_3$와 $S_nO_2$의 증착비율이 각각 91[mole %] 9[mole %]일 때 최대효율 11[%]의 태양전지를 제작 할 수 있었다. 제작된 전지는 열처리 시간과 온도에 따라 성능이 향상되지만 약 600[$^{\circ}C$] 이상의 온도, 15분 이상의 열처리 시간에서는 오히려 박막의 각종 결함의 증가로 인한 감소현상을 보였다. 제작한 전지의 광 응답 특성을 조사하였는데 열처리온도를 증가시킴에 따라 미소하나마 장파장 영역으로 그 peak값이 이동함을 알 수 있었다. X선 회절현상을 통해 열처리온도에 따른 결정성장이 증대하여 단결정 쪽으로 이동해 감을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 실험에서 제작한 $ITO_{(n)}/Si_{(p)}$ 태양전지에 대하여 특성을 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. $100[mW/cm^2]$의 태양광 에너지 조사하에서 단락전류 : ISC=31 $[mW/cm^2]$ 개방전압 : VOC=460[mV] 충실도 : FF=0.71 변환효율 : ${\eta}$=11[%].