• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.194-194
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• 2016

Gansu, located in the northwestern region, is a typical agricultural province of arid, semiarid in China. The shortage of water resources is the biggest obstacle of Gansu Province's development, and the dry farming water-saving is the eternal theme of Gansu agricultural sustainable development. In recent years, intensify reform in Gansu, has walked out a successful way in the agricultural water-saving. Using the integrated river basin governance as opportunity, the total water-using quantity was regarded as rigidity to retrain, distributed to counties (districts), irrigated areas, towns, associations, groups step by step. Agricultural water price was substantially increased, with the surface water price from about $0.1RMB/m^3$ to more than $0.2 RMB/m^3$, and the ground water from zero to more than $0.1RMB/m^3$. Simultaneously, the difference water prices and over-quota water progression price markup were carried out. The transaction of water rights was encouraged to impel the peasant to establish the consciousness of saving-water. The regulatory documents were formulated to standardize the scope, condition, mode, program etc. of agriculture water-rights transaction, to guarantees the transaction of water rights is carries out in order. The pattern of farming was optimized and adjusted, reducing the high water-consumption crop, increasing economic crops with high benefit and low water-consumption, developing industrialized agricultures such as green house. The relative engineering and measuring facility were comprehensively improved, with the anti-seepage of canal system and the enforcement of dynamo-electric well, developing high-efficient water-saving irrigation and overall metering facilities. The water fine-grained management has realized, and obvious water-saving effect has obtained: water-using rate in the irrigation area by river water has brought up to 0.57 from 0.52, and by well water up to 0.84 from 0.76. Although the water price has increased, the proportion that the water rate expenditure accounted for the cost lasts decline, and the farmers' income has gone up. The peasants express, the used water is few, and it is few to till land, but the income is many, and life is better.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2022

This paper reports a method to use a wireless sensor network deployed in the field to real-time monitor soil moisture, warning when the moisture level reaches a specific value, and wirelessly controlling an additional device (LED or water supply system, etc.). In addition, we report all processes related to wireless irrigation system, including field deployment of sensors, real-time monitoring using a smartphone, data calibration, and control of additional devices deployed in the field by smartphone. A commercially available open-source Internet of Things (IoT) platform, NodeMCU, was used, which was combined with a 9V battery, LED and soil humidity sensor to be integrated into a portable prototype. The IoT-based soil humidity sensor prototype deployed in the field was installed next to a tree for on-site demonstration for the measurement of soil humidity in real-time for about 30 hours, and the measured data was successfully transmitted to a smartphone via Wifi. The measurement data were automatically transmitted via e-mail in the form of a text file, stored on the web, followed by analyses and calibrations. The user can check the humidity of the soil real-time through a personal smartphone. When the humidity of a soil reached a specific value, an additional device, an LED device, placed in the field was successfully controlled through the smartphone. This LED can be easily replaced by other electronic devices such as water supplies, which can also be controlled by smartphones. These results show that farmers can not only monitor the condition of the field real-time through a sensor monitoring system manufactured simply at a low cost but also control additional devices such as irrigation facilities from a distance, thereby reducing unnecessary energy consumption and helping improve agricultural productivity.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

김해시 대동면 일대에는 자연배수를 위한 승수로, 안정적인 용수 확보를 위한 터널 굴착, 야주하천의 인위적 직강화, 일반적인 형태의 양·배수장 등, 범람원에서 볼 수 있는 각종 양·배수시설이 다양하게 나타나고, 이들 시설의 개발, 유지, 운영에는 범람원 지역의 지형 조건이 크게 작용하고 있음을 확인했다. 특히 운하천 유역의 경우, 운하천 취수문만 열면 자연 경사에 의해 얼마든지 낙동강 본류의 물을 양수할 수 있고, 연구지역에서 가장 큰 양수장인 월당양수장에서 낙동강 본류의 물을 직접 양수할 수 있다. 감내천은 한때 운하천(이전 하동천)의 상류였으며, 현재는 덕산승수로를 통해 낙동강으로 배수된다. 따라서 이러한 배수체계는 운하천 저지대의 홍수 피해 및 배수 부담을 덜어주고 있다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 시설하우스 폐양액이 고추의 생육과 양분 흡수에 미치는 영향을 평가하고 폐양액 관주시 부가적으로 얻을 수 있는 관개 효과를 산출함으로써 폐양액의 토양 시비에 따른 농업적 가치를 평가하였다. 시설하우스 폐양액의 토양 관주시 Ca, Mg K 등 염류의 증가로 인하여 pH와 EC는 상승하였고, 총질소는 암모늄태 질소와 질산태 질소의 증가와 함께 처리 후 100 mg $kg^{-1}$ 이상 증가하였다. 고추 생육은 화학비료 70% 및 폐양액 30% 혼합처리구와 화학비료 50% 및 폐양액 50% 혼합처리구에서 양호하였으며 양분 흡수도 동일한 경향을 나타내었다. 고추 수확량은 화학비료 70% 및 폐양액 30% 혼합처리구에서 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 1일 발생되는 폐양액(288 L 10 $a^{-1}\;day^{-1}$)을 토양에 시용하여 증발산되는 수분을 보충할 경우 최고 $409.86m^2$의 면적을 관개할 수 있는 것으로 산출되었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 폐양액의 토양처리는 화학비료 대체 효과와 폐양액의 정화 효과를 동시에 얻을 수 있으며 적정량 시용시 주변 환경에 미치는 영향을 최소화하면서 지속적인 처리가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1443-1453
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• 1968

The reservoir is one of the important partsof facilities for development of irrigation water in Korea. Accordingly, construction of the reservoir will be stressed in the field of future development of agricultural water resources. In the meantime, storage capacity is actually is limited to some extent with various conditions. Acreage of benefited area shall be determined according to such conditions as catchment area, precipitation and unit water requirment within benefited area. According to results of the past construction of the reservoir, the ratio of catchment area to benefited area would be 4:1 to 2.5:1 or catchment area is approximately 2.5 times larger and over than benefited area. In order words, it is the ordinary practice in the construction of reservoir that benefited area should be less than 1/2.5 times as large as catchment area. Moreover, limitation of catchment area would prevent largely the vast drought-stricken area from being benefited by irrigation facilites. This has been, in fact, caused by the fact that a good deal of water stored in the reservoir overflows wastefully through spillway of the reservoir at th time of flood season, and that only very little of the overflowed water is available for irrigation. However, if the more wasted water is stored during the flood season, the larger area of farmland can irrigated. That is, catchment area can reduced to less than 2.5 times as large as benefited area. On the other hand, it is afraid that such reduction should bring about the increase of unit storage capacity. And storage capacity being maximized, costs for construction of the reservoir will be raised too highly, thus making the economics feasibility unfavorable. The purpose of this study is to decide the ratio of catchment area to benefited area toward the minimum level as possible in consideration of the hydrological and economic aspects. Kopung Project which is located in Sosan-kun, Chungnam Province is taken as an example for the review and analysis in this study, and as an example for crop, rice is taken. After consideration of this project, we can find out that annual average inflow is 726mm and annual average water requirements is 811mm. And the ratio of catchment area to benefited area is 1.2:1. This means that catchment area can be reduced even to 1.2 times as large as benefited area. In conclusion, this study reveals that the construction of reservoir is feasible in view of economic and technical points provided that catchment area is more than 1.5 times as large as benefited area.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2022

This study is about the story of 'Saemi', existing in the Sacheon Alluvial fan area. Saemi is a local word for Dumbeong, which is the traditional water irrigation facilities in this area that could be formed according to the geographical characteristics of a Alluvial fan site. In the meantime, although Saemi has been an important source of water, related research has been mainly done from an ecological point of view. Accordingly, the researcher paid attention to the functional aspects of Saemi itself, grasped its location, distribution status, and usage including the construction method, and considered its intrinsic value through classification and characteristic analysis of Saemi. As a result of five field surveys from September 2021 to October 2022, 129 Saemies remained in the Sacheon alluvial fan area. According to the structure and shape, Saemi could be divided into basic type, complex type, and buried type. The basic type was subdivided into bucket-type and stairs-type along with the complex type, and the buried type was subdivided into all buried-type and some buried-type. Saemies were mainly distributed at the distal end of the Sacheon alluvial fan site, individual Saemies were built on farmland, and common Saemies were usually built along roadsides adjacent to villages. The reason why the Saemies are concentrated at the distal end is the geographical characteristics of the alluvial fan where the water underflows. Saemi was an important multifunctional water supply source equivalent to the main water source for people at the distal end of the pond who did not receive a stable supply of water from the reservoir. Saemi was at the center of the underground water irrigation network agricultural system in the Sacheon alluvial fan area according to the principles of 'bbaeim(drop out)' and 'gaepim(pooling)' It has provided a foundation for establishing itself as an appropriate technology in this area. Such Saemi contributed to the rural landscape and agricultural biodiversity through its own system and served as a public interest function. It is necessary to know, conserve, manage, and continuously utilize the value of this Saemi as an agricultural heritage.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.90-90
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• 2022

Nicaragua is located in Central America, climatic conditions are considered tropical dry forest. Statistics reflex that in Nicaragua exits 24,000 rice farmers. National rice production only covers 73% of the national consumption. It exists two sowing system: irrigation and rainfed. Varieties used in both systems are mid-late maturity (120-135 days), there are 14 released varieties for irrigation, eight for rainfed, and eight landraces used in rainfed. The current breeding system (introduction of lines from Colombia) has increased the national production, however, has some limitation due to the lack of enough variability, reducing the proability of finding good genotypes and therefore the possibility of satisfying 100% of the demand. The purpose of this study was to analyze the problems that must be resolved in the short and long term to improve rice productivity in Nicaragua. In this paper we explain some proposal for an improvement plan. The selection of varieties with high adaptability to various cultivation environmental conditions it is necessary, also to thoroughly manage seed purity to supply certified seeds. In rice cultivation technology, it needs to improve seedling standing and weeding effect by improving soil leveling and water-saving cultivation technology. Also, proper fertilization and planting density must be established in irrigated and rain-fed areas. Furthermore, capacity must be strengthened by collecting and training with the most recent agricultural technology information, as well as by revitalizing the union rather than the individual farmer. It is necessary to develop varieties highly adaptable to the Nicaraguan cultivation environment, as well as to expand irrigation facilities and cultivation technology suitable for weather conditions in rain-fed areas. Last, it is necessary to maintain the consistency of agricultural policy for continuous and stable rice production in response to climate change events such as drought or intermittent heavy rain.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.506-519
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• 1996

The water quality in the rural areas is degrading due to a variety of causes such as the increase of the urban sewage and industrial wastes, the disposal of solid wastes, the growth of livestock waste, the growth of leisure facilities, the establishment of agricultural industry estates and etc. The water pollutants are scarce while the effluent is increasing from wide scattered sources. The technology specifically designed for the rural wastes water treatment plant needs to be implemented with improvement of agricultural water quality. 1. An integrated management measures against water pollution sources. The prevention of water pollution is the best measures in the environmental pollution. Hence, the most effective measures needs to be against the sources. Small-scale water treatment plants needs to be constructed in each village in the rural areas. As for the industrial effluent, the effluent discharge needs to be strictly monitored. Government subsidy for the establishment of treatment plant for livestock wastes is necessary. 2. The establishment of national-wide network for agricultural water quality. The network for agricultural water quality have been operated to conserve the agricultural water quality, and to develop management policies by the assessment of water pollution in the rural areas. The results of agricultural water quality network indicates that the water quality is degrading not only around urban areas but also in the distant rural areas, and the water quality at the pumping stations and weirs is worse than that of reservoirs. 3. The legal, systematic, and technical approaches for the agricultural water quality management. The actions currently implemented for the improvement of agricultural water quality involve temporary measures such as the improvement of irrigation facilities. These contingency measures are not effective in the long-term, and sometimes bring secondary pollution. Therefore, integrated measures covering the whole water environment such as the flow, quality, river morphology, aquatic ecosystem, and the surrounding environment, need be invented and implemented. Besides, the legal, systematic, and technical frameworks for the management are not fully established so far. The technology for the treatment of rural water pollution should be refined afterwards, and the research for the development of rural waste water treatment plant should be carried out.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2018

Most of the intake facilities of small agricultural reservoirs are conduits and they are regarded as serious defects due to the structural weakness that penetrates the body of the dam, and countermeasures are needed. This study suggests the application method of siphon type water intake facility by hydraulic model test and physical scale model test of siphon type water intake facility which has high safety and easy maintenance. Experimental results show that sufficient flow rate can be secured for the purpose of intaking water according to the differential head between the reservoir and the discharge part, and the flow rate can be controlled by the valve. The negative pressure was -31.5 kPa, and vibration and noise did not occur during the operation of the siphon. The maximum flow velocity in the discharge outlet was 1.11 m/s which meets the criterion for irrigation canals. Therefore, scour risk would be very low. As a result of the inflow distribution experiment, even if the inflow part is separated by only about 0.8 m, the flow velocity is remarkably decreased, so that the clogging by debris would not appear. When the pump was operated only once for the first time and the inside of the siphon was filled with water, continuous operation was possible by only valve operation. The results of this study are expected to be used for the design guidelines of the water intake facilities and improve safety and maintenance convenience of agricultural reservoirs.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2008

연구대상댐의 우안부는 콘크리트구조물로 축조된 콘크리트 중력식댐으로 이루어져 있고, 좌안부는 사력재료로 이루어진 사력댐으로 구성되어 있는 복합댐이다. 이련 형식의 댐 거동에 대한 연구에 있어서 국내는 물론 선진외국의 참고자료도 희소한 실정이다. 국내의 경우 약 17,000의 저수시설물중 복합댐 형식은 지자체나 기타 기관에서 관리하는 생 공 용수댐의 경우 거의 존재하지 않으며, 설혹 존재하더라도 시설물의 관리자료가 전무한 실정으로, 국내 다목적댐 중 유일한 복합댐을 선정하여 중력식댐과 사력댐 접합부의 거동특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 해석적 방법에 의하여 복합댐의 동적 상호거동특성을 분석하기 위하여 댐 축을 기준으로 모델링하여 정적(유사정적법, 수정진도법) 및 동적해석을 수행하여, 지진시 콘크리트댐과 사력댐 접합부의 지진 응답해석을 분석하였다.