• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2019

In this study, an overtopping model experiments and three dimensional seepage characteristics at the deteriorated homogeneous reservoirs were performed to investigate the behavior of failure for embankment and spillway transitional zone due to overtopping. The failure pattern, pore water pressure, earth pressure and settlement by overtopping were compared and analyzed. The pattern of the failure by overtopping was gradually enlarged towards reservoirs crest from the spillway transition zone at initial stage. In the rapid stage and peak stage, the width and depth of failure gradually increased, and the pattern of the failure appeared irregular and several direction of the erosion. In the early stage, the pore water pressure at spillway transitional zone was more affected as its variation and failure width increased. In the peak stage, the pore water pressure was significantly increased in all locations due to the influence of seepage. The earth pressure increased gradually according to overtopping stage. The pore pressure by the numerical analysis was larger than the experimental value, and the analysis was more likely to increase steadily without any apparent variation. The horizontal and vertical displacements were the largest at the toe of slope and at the top of the dam crest, respectively. The results of this displacement distribution can be applied as a basis for determining the position of reinforcement at the downstream slope and the crest. The collapse in the overtopping stage began with erosion of the most vulnerable parts of the dam crest, and the embankment was completely collapsed as the overtopping stage increased.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.593-612
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• 1996

본 연구는 대구시 구성곽내와 그에 인접한 지역을 중심으로한 가로망의 변화과정을 정치적 사회적 배경, 도시계획과 관련하여 고찰하였다. 대구읍성의 가로는 전반적으로 불규칙적인 미로형으로 나타나고 있다. 다만 4개 성문을 연결하는 간선도로망은 경상감영이 중심부 부근에 위치하고 있어서 +자형에 가까운 패턴을 보이고 있다. 개항이후 일인들의 주도하에 성곽철거와 성곽내 +자가로의 건설로 근대적 가로망으로 변형되었다. 그러나 식민지 정책의 일환으로서 대구읍성의 역사적 유물은 훼손되고 일인들에 의한 토지자본의 수탈이 일어났다. 광복이후 구성곽내에서 중앙로와 신설. 확장된 동. 서신로가 새로운 +자가로를 형성하여 기존의 +자가로가 쇠퇴하게 된다. 그후 중앙로를 중심으로 한 시가지의 남북체계가 동서체계로 변환된다. 이에 따라 추진된 동서관통도로의 신설과 확장은 대구의 중심이 남진하는데 영향을 미친다. 현재는 4개의 남북축 가로와 5개의 동서축 가로가 격자형으로 형성되어져 있다. 중심지역의 주거기능은 약화되고 상업기능의 침입이 진행됨에 따라 비도심시설을 정비하는 등 재개발사업의 추진으로 환경이 다소 개선되고 있다. 도시화가 계속된다고 하더라도 이 성곽내의 경상감영 등 문화적 유산인 것은 복원하고 보존되어야 할 것이다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2005

Weather data for disease forecasts are usually derived from automated weather stations (AWS) that may be dispersed across a region in an irregular pattern. We have developed an alternative method to simulate local scale, high-resolution weather and plant disease in a grid pattern. The system incorporates a simplified mesoscale boundary layer model, LAWSS, for estimating local conditions such as air temperature and relative humidity. It also integrates special models for estimating of surface wetness duration and disease forecasts, such as the grapevine downy mildew forecast model, DMCast. The system can recreate weather forecasts utilizing the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis database, which contains over 57 years of archived and corrected global upper air conditions. The highest horizontal resolution of 0.150 km was achieved by running 5-step nested child grids inside coarse mother grids. Over the Finger Lakes and Chautauqua Lake regions of New York State, the system simulated three growing seasons for estimating the risk of grape downy mildew with 1 km resolution. Outputs were represented as regional maps or as site-specific graphs. The highest resolutions were achieved over North America, but the system is functional for any global location. The system is expected to be a powerful tool for site selection and reanalysis of historical plant disease epidemics.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.474-482
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• 2007

Korea used to be a country where individuals ate diets high in vegetables and rice, but in recent years, it has become a country where western-style diets are increasingly popular. Consequently, the age for chronicle disease, including obesity and diabetes, has become lower. The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary habits of kindergarten children between lacto-ovo vegetarian and non-vegetarian families. The data were collected from the children(n=300) at Sahmyook University Kindergarten. The results showed that non-vegetarians had higher intakes of cookies, cakes, processed foods, ice cream, and fast foods, while vegetarian children consumed high amounts of vegetables, fruits, and kimchi. The non-vegetarian children tended to have irregular meals, and ate high-fat meats such as kalbi and samgyupsal. However, the results show it is important that many children among both vegetarian and non-vegetarian families should be encouraged to have appropriate essential nutrients, because a high percentage of children in both groups appeared to have low intakes of energy, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, calcium, zinc, iron, etc.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.604-615
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to investigate whether heel height changes in the U.S. market occur in a cyclical pattern and heel heights show greater within-year variability over time. Heel height data from U.S. Vogue's spring and fall editions were analyzed over the time period 1950~2014. A total of 1581 pieces of data were measured in millimeter units using Adobe Illustrator and standardized by dividing the height of the heel by the shoe length through the curved sole line. To analyze the cycle pattern of heel heights, the yearly averages were standardized by using three-year moving average technique to average out the irregular components of time series data and give a better indication of the long-term fluctuation of heel height. To identify the degree of within-year variability of heel height, the standard deviation of the average measurements for a year was calculated, and then decade averages were drawn from the yearly averaged standard deviation. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the within-year variability of data in heel height over the time period studied by decade. The results showed: First, there was a trend toward higher heels from the early 1950s to 2011. Second, four cyclical movements of heel height were observed from 1950 to 2007, and heel heights gradually decreased after 2008. Third, the within-year variability significantly increased over time, especially after the 1980s.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2015

시계열 데이터를 예측하는 것은 매우 어려운 작업이다. 비선형적인 특성을 갖는 신호에서 얻어지는 데이터들이 불확실성을 가지고 있기 때문이다. 본 논문은 특정 시계열 데이터의 정확한 예측을 위하여 시계열 자료가 어떤 패턴에 따라 변화한다는 전제하에서 과거 자료들을 평균하여 미분으로써, 시계열 변화 패턴의 찾았다. 또한 미분 데이터의 반영 비율에 따라 특이성을 갖는 시계열데이터를 일반화하기 위하여 확률변수를 적용하였다. 순환변동과 계절변동을 소거하고, 불규칙 변동만을 추출하여 경향의 추세를 더한 예측값을 계산하게 된다. 이렇게 예측된 값은 이동평균과 단순이동평균에 의하여 가장 좋은 결과값을 갖는 알고리즘과 비교를 통하여 제안 알고리즘의 우수성을 입증하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to assess eating habits and food consumption pattern of 365 adolescent girls in Kwangju area. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on relative body weight as obesity index. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were $161.9{\pm}19.0cm$ and $53.3{\pm}7.2kg$ respectively which are similar to those in the Korean Standard Growth data. Mean BMI and relative body weight were 20.50 and 97.1%. Age of menarche in the subjects significantly influenced the obesity index. Food habit score in the underweight group was significantly lower than that in the normal group at ${\alpha}=0.2$ level by multiple range test. Obesity was significantly associated with more frequent and irregular eating. It seems that students in the obese group were concerned on their body weight and tended to consume much vegetable. Obese group consumed more fruits, less butter and fruit juice compared to other groups. It might be suggested that more effective nutrition program might be developed and implemented to ensure good food habit of adolescent girls including obese as well as underweight group.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.716-718
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• 2004

The false alarm data in intrusion detection systems are divided into false positive and false negative. The false positive makes bad effects on the performance of intrusion detection system. And the false negative makes bad effects on the efficiency of intrusion detection system. Recently, the most of works have been studied the data mining technique for analysis of alert data. However, the false alarm data not only increase data volume but also change patterns of alert data along the time line. Therefore, we need a tool that can analyze patterns that change characteristics when we look for new patterns. In this paper, we focus on the false positives and present a framework for analysis of false alarm pattern from the alert data. In this work, we also apply incremental data mining techniques to analyze patterns of false alarms among alert data that are incremental over the time. Finally, we achieved flexibility by using dynamic support threshold, because the volume of alert data as well as included false alarms increases irregular.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.369-372
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution pattern of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers in the healing mucosa of extracion wound. Maxillary 1st molars of rats were extracted. All extraction sites and adjacent tissues of 3 groups of rats(1-week, 2-week and 4-week groups) were removed en bloc and processed for immunostaining and were subjected to light microscopic examination. The results obtained were as follows; In 1-week group, there was no difference in the distribution pattern of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fiber between epithelial margin adjacent to extraction socket and normal gingival epithelium. In 2-week group, some CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were seen in epithelial layer. In 4-week group, many intercellular CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers were abundant in all layers of immature epithelium characterized by scab on the mucosa and thick keratinized cell layer with irregular surface. Intraepithelial CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers were reduced to normal level in adjacent mature epithelium. These results suggest that density of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers are increased transiently in epithelium during reepithelialization process and CGRP released from these nerve fibers may play an important role in the reepithelialization in the wound healing.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2016

Since the 1980s, the number of large space buildings in Korea has consistently been increasing due to large scale international competitions such as the Olympics and the World Cup, demands for environmental improvement, and development of structural systems. Due to these reasons, this paper conducted a comparative analysis on terrorism risk factors of large space structure and skyscrapers in Korea. The results suggest that the total risk level of high-rise and large space structure was "medium level risk" and that the terrorism risk level for large space structure was as high as that for high-rise buildings. As it relates to the risk levels depending on scenarios, terrorism risks to large space structure were higher than high-rise buildings in the "internal explosion" and "internal intrusion" categories. And the results of analyzing explosion-related scenarios except for CBR suggest that terrorism risks to large space structure were highest when it comes to Internal-Explosive followed by Internal-Intrusion and Explosive-Zone I; and the results showed a regular pattern. On the other hand, in the case of high-rise buildings, terrorism risks were highest in Internal-Explosive followed by Explosive-Zone I and Explosive-Zone II; and the results showed an irregular pattern.