• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 1979

The saponins isolated form the herb of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer were investigated as compared with ginseng root saponins. By adopting DEAE cellulose ion exchange chromatography the pure saponins were isolated from Korean ginseng roots and leaves. The ginseng root and leaf saponins showed some differences in the pattern of the two-dimensional thin layer chromatogram. The ratio of panaxadiol to panaxatriol in the saponins was 1.7 in the roots and 3.5 in the leaves. Infra-red spectrum of ginseng leaf saponins isolated by liquid chromatography was identical with that of root saponins.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.313-313
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• 2017

Cold stress is one of the most influenced factors to rice yield. In order to identify genes related to cold stress in fertility stage, genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted. Cultivated 129 rice germplasm were moved in the growth chamber under the condition of $12^{\circ}C/RH70%$(12h day/12h night when the rice plant was grown in 10 DBH(days before heading). Also, rice plant as control was moved in the green house under condition of $28^{\circ}C/RH70%$(12h day/12h night). After 4 days the plants were moved in a greenhouse. The fertility of rice plant were monitored after the grain were fully grown. The most tolerant rice germplasm to cold stress were Cheongdo-Hwayang-12 and IR38 as 63.1 and 61.8 of fertility and the most recessive rice germplasm were Danyang38 and 8 rice germplasm as 0. As a result of GWAS with re-sequencing data and fertility after cold treatment germplasm using genome association and prediction integrated tool (GAPIT), 99 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed by applying a significance threshold of -logP>4.5 determined by QQ plot. With SNPs region, 14 candidate genes responded to cold stress in fertility stage were identified.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2013

The nominal radiometric calibration equation and additional five algorithms are applied in the infrared channel radiometric calibration for the COMS (Communication, Ocean, Meteorological Satellite) MI (Meteorological Imager). The processing end time of the radiometric calibration is directly related with the start time of geometric calibration processing since the geometric calibration processing is followed by that of the radiometric calibration. This paper describes comparison and analysis results for geometric calibration processing using two types of the radiometric calibration results, outputs from only the nominal radiometric calibration equation and outputs from the complete one (the nominal radiometric calibration equation with additional five algorithms), to propose a method with the earlier start time of the geometric calibration processing. Experimental results show that both of radiometric calibration results, from the nominal radiometric calibration equation with a fast processing speed and from the complete one with accurate radiometric values, can be used in the geometric calibration as the appropriate inputs because those processing results satisfied the requirements of geometric calibration processing accuracy. Thus the radiometric calibration results from the nominal radiometric calibration equation can be used to improve geometric calibration processing time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.257-258
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• 2012

The SERS spectra of 4-aminobenzenethiol (ABT) have served as the "probe" molecule, which have helped spectroscopists to build up the electromagnetic (EM) and chemical (CHEM) enhancement mechanisms. In particular, the b2-peaks (9b, 3, and 19b) of the SERS spectra of ABT have been attributed to arise from the vibronic charge-transfer (CT) between Au or Ag surface and the ABT. Quite recently, however, Tian and co-workers [1] claimed that the b2-peaks are not the CT-enhanced spectra of ABT. Instead, these peaks arise from the 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzenes (DMABs) that are produced by the oxidative coupling of two ABTs. Their claim is under intense debate currently. Herein, we studied spatially and temporally resolved SERS spectra of ABTs on Ag thin film (thickness of 10 nm), to investigate such claim. Herein, we present a series of additional evidences that strongly support that the b2 intensities of ABTs do not arise from the CT-enhancement: (1) the b2-peaks can be locally "activated" (i. e. turned on) irreversibly with focused laser radiation; (2) the TOF-SIM spectrometry on the activated region show depletion of ABT-Ag+ ions; and finally (3) the spatially resolved FT-IR spectra of the activated region show two pronounced peaks at 1377 cm-1 and 1460 cm-1, both of which can be assigned to the stretching mode of N=N bond. While the result does not disprove the existence of CT or CHEM enhancement in general, the results do show that previous interpretations of the spectra of ABTs should be re-interpreted.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2023

Recently, many studies are being conducted to extract emotion from text and verify its information power in the field of finance, along with the recent development of big data analysis technology. A number of prior studies use pre-defined sentiment dictionaries or machine learning methods to extract sentiment from the financial documents. However, both methods have the disadvantage of being labor-intensive and subjective because it requires a manual sentiment learning process. In this study, we developed a financial sentiment dictionary that automatically extracts sentiment from the body text of analyst reports by using modified Bayes rule and verified the performance of the model through a binary classification model which predicts actual stock price movements. As a result of the prediction, it was found that the proposed financial dictionary from this research has about 4% better predictive power for actual stock price movements than the representative Loughran and McDonald's (2011) financial dictionary. The sentiment extraction method proposed in this study enables efficient and objective judgment because it automatically learns the sentiment of words using both the change in target price and the cumulative abnormal returns. In addition, the dictionary can be easily updated by re-calculating conditional probabilities. The results of this study are expected to be readily expandable and applicable not only to analyst reports, but also to financial field texts such as performance reports, IR reports, press articles, and social media.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.200-211
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• 2022

The celadon stools with an openwork ring design which consist of four items as one collection were excavated from Gaeseong, Gyeonggi-do Province. The celadon stools were designated and managed as treasures due to their high arthistorical value in the form of demonstrating the excellence of celadon manufacturing techniques and the fanciful lifestyles during the Goryeo Dynasty. However, one of the items, which appeared to have been repaired and restored in the past, suffered a decline in aesthetic value due to the aging of the treatment materials and the lack of skill on the part of the conservator, raising the need for re-treatment as a result of structural instability. An examination of the conservation condition prior to conservation treatment found structural vulnerabilities because physical damage had been artificially inflicted throughout the area that was rendered defective at the time of manufacturing. The bonded surfaces for the cracked areas and detached fragments did not fit, and these areas and fragments had deteriorated because the adhesive trickled down onto the celadon surface or secondary contaminants, such as dust, were on the adhesive surface. The study identified the position, scope, and conditions of the bonded areas at the cracks UV rays and microscopy in order to investigate the condition of repair and restoration. By conducting Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and portable x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on the materials used for the former conservation treatment, the study confirmed the use of cellulose resins and epoxy resins as adhesives. Furthermore, the analysis revealed the addition of gypsum(CaSO₄·2H₂O) and bone meal(Ca₁₀ (PO₄)₆(OH)₂) to the adhesive to increase the bonding strength of some of the bonded areas that sustained force. Based on the results of the investigation, the conservation treatment for the artifact would focus on completely dismantling the existing bonded areas and then consolidating vulnerable areas through bonding and restoration. After removing and dismantling the prior adhesive used, the celadon stool was separated into 6 large fragments including the top and bottom, the curved legs, and some of the ring design. After dismantling, the remaining adhesive and contaminants were chemically and physically removed, and a steam cleaner was used to clean the fractured surfaces to increase the bonding efficacy of the re-bonding. The bonding of the artifact involved applying the adhesive differently depending on the bonding area and size. The cyanoacrylate resin Loctite 401 was used on the bonding area that held the positions of the fragments, while the acrylic resin Paraloid B-72 20%(in xylene) was treated on cross sections for reversibility in the areas that provided structural stability before bonding the fragments using the epoxy resin Epo-tek 301-2. For areas that would sustain force, as in the top and bottom, kaolin was added to Epo-tek 301-2 in order to reinforce the bonding strength. For the missing parts of the ring design where a continuous pattern could be assumed, a frame was made using SN-sheets, and the ring design was then modeled and restored by connecting the damaged cross section with Wood epos. Other restoration areas that occurred during bonding were treated by being filled with Wood epos for aesthetic and structural stabilization. Restored and filled areas were color-matched to avoid the feeling of disharmony from differences of texture in case of exhibitions in the future. The investigation and treatment process involving a variety of scientific technology was systematically documented so as to be utilized as basic data for the conservation and maintenance.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.584-595
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• 2021

In this study, the correlation between operating stages of waste air-treating system composed of two alternatively-operating UV/photocatalytic reactors, and the deactivation of photocatalyst used in each operating stage, was investigated by instrumental analysis thereon. The repeated deactivation and subsequent re-generation of photocatalyst used in the waste air treating system of previous investigation performed by Lee and Lim (Korean Chem. Eng. Research, 59(4), 574-583(2021)), were characterized on virgin photocatalyst-carrying porous SiO₂ media (A4), used photocatalyst-carrying porous SiO₂ media (A1, A2 and A3) collected from the corresponding photocatalytic reactor upon 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd run, respectively, regenerated photocatalyst-carrying porous SiO₂ media upon 1 time-run (AD1) and 3 times regenerated photocatalyst-carrying porous SiO₂ media upon 3 time-runs (AD3) by instrumental analysis including BET analysis, SEM, XPS, SEM-EDS and FT-IR. As a result, the proper regeneration-temperature for deactivated photocatalyst to be regenerated several times (more than 3 times), was suggested below 200 ℃. Such temperature of deactivated photocatalyst-regeneration was almost consistent to the one, according to BET analysis, at which tiny nano-pores blocked by adsorbed ethanol-oxidative and degraded intermediates (AEODI), were regenerated to be reopened through almost complete mineralization of AEODI. In particular, the results of XPS analysis indicated an incurrence of insignificant deactivation of photocatalysis upon 1^st run of UV/photocatalytic reactor (A or C) of the previous investigation. In addition, the results of XPS analysis were consistent with the experimental results of the previous investigation in that 1) deactivation of photocatalyst incurred during 2^nd run of the UV/photocatalytic reactor (A or C) resulted in decreased removal efficiency, by ca. 5% and 5%, of ethanol and hydrogen sulfide, respectively, compared with its 1^st run; 2) there was insignificant difference between the removal efficiencies of its 2^nd run and 3^rd run. Furthermore, the removal efficiencies of ethanol and hydrogen sulfide for hypothetical 4^th run of photocatalytic reactor in the previous investigation, using AD3, were expected to decrease, compared with its 3^rd run, by much more than those for 2^nd run in the previous investigation did, compared with its 1^st run.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 2006

[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: To determine the efficacy and safety of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy with high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: From January 2001 to December 2002, 30 patients with cervical cancer were treated with concurrent chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-FU) and definitive radiation therapy. The median age was 58 (range $34{\sim}74$) year old. The pathology of the biopsy sections was squamous cell carcinoma in 29 patients and one was adenocarcinoma. The distribution to FIGO staging system was as follows: stage IB, 7 (23%); IIA, 3 (10%); IIB, 12 (40%); IIIA, 3 (10%); IIIB, 5 (17%). All patients received pelvic external beam irradiation (EBRT) to a total dose of $45{\sim}50.4\;Gy$ (median: 50.4 Gy) over $5{\sim}5.5$ weeks. Ir-192 HDR intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) was given after a total dose of 41.4 Gy. HDR-ICBT was performed twice a week, with a fraction point A dose of 4 Gy and median dose to point A was 28 Gy (range: $16{\sim}32\;Gy$) in 7 fractions. The median cumulative biologic effective dose (BED) at point A (EBRT+ICBT) was $88\;Gy_{10}$ (range: $77{\sim}94\;Gy_{10}$). The median cumulative BED at ICRU 38 reference point (EBRT+ICBT) was $131\;Gy_3$ (range: $122{\sim}140\;Gy_3$) at point A, $109\;Gy_3$ (range: $88{\sim}125\;Gy_3$) at the rectum and $111\;Gy_3$ (range: $91{\sim}123\;Gy_3$) at the urinary bladder. Cisplatin ($60\;mg/m^2$) and 5-FU ($1,000\;mg/m^2$) was administered intravenously at 3 weeks interval from the first day of radiation for median 5 (range: $2{\sim}6$) cycles. The assessment was performed at 1 month after completion of radiation therapy by clinical examination and CT scan. The median follow-up time was 36 months (range: $8{\sim}50$ months). $\underline{: The complete response rate after concurrent chemoradiation therapy was 93.3%. The 3-yr actuarial pelvic control rate was 87% and 3-yr actuarial overall survival and disease-free survival rate was 93% and 87%, respectively. The local failure rate was 13% and distant metastatic rate was 3.3%. The crude rate of minor hematologic complications (RTOG grade 1-2) occurred in 3 patients (10%) and one patient had suffered from severe leukopenia (RTOG grade 4) during concurrent treatment. Acute minor enterocolitis (RTOG grade 1-2) occurred in 11 patients (37%) and one patient (3%) was suffered from colon perforation during radiation therapy. Late colitis of RTOG grade 1 occurred in 5 patients (15%). Acute cystitis of RTOG grade 1 occurred in 12 patients (40%) and late cystitis of RTOG grade 2 occurred in one patient (3%). No treatment related death was seen. $\underline{Conclusion}$: The results of this study suggest that the concurrent chemoradiation therapy with HDR brachytherapy could be accepted as an effective and safe treatment for cervical cancer.