• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.245-252
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• 1984

The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the effects of anionization on the various stage of mice growth, the feeding level of diets, the switch - over effects, effects of plane of nutrition on growth of mice, the effects of method of ionization on growth of mice and associated breeding performance. Mice in polyethylene cages were placed on vinyl plate charged anion by an Electrical Ionizing Machine. At an early growing stages body weight gains of mice anionized were not different from the unionized group. The dietary intake did not affect significantly the body weight of mice 15- l7g. The growth of mice of 11.5-16.2g was not affected by ionization statistically, but the ionized group increased slightly. The switching over from the untreated to the ionization slightly depressed the ionized mice by 2.4g, the untreated switched over to ionization group by 2.28g as compared with the 3.29g for the untreated during the 4- day - feeding period. Plane of nutrition and ionization did not significantly affect the growth of mice of 7.1-15.8g when mice were fed high - protein and high - carbohydrate diets. The Common Ionization Method was appeared statistically superior to the Overnight - Ionization Method. The growth rate of the offspring of mice ionized prior to conception was found to be normal but the number of progeny was considerablly high.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1988.07a
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• pp.753-755
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• 1988

In this paper, the effective ionization coefficients (${\alpha}-{\eta}$/Po) are measured by the steady state Townsend method in Townsend discharge domain. The effective ionization coefficients are measured in the range 75${\leqq}$E/Po${\leqq}$150(V/Torr. cm) in $SF_{6}$. The values of the effective ionization coefficients are easily and precisely determined by means of the linearization of current growth equation. The effective ionization coefficients of $SF_{6}$ were agreement with that of Bhalla and Craggs.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.12
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• pp.1971-1978
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• 2016

In this paper, electrical and physical characteristics associated with the ionization growth of soil under impulse voltages in a coaxial cylindrical electrode system to simulate a horizontally-buried ground electrode were experimentally investigated. The results were summarized as follows: Transient ground resistances decreased significantly by soil ionization. The voltage-current (V-I) curves for non-ionization in soil lined up in a straight line with the nearly same slope that is the ground resistance, but they showed a 'cross-closed loop' of ${\infty}$-shape under ionization. The conventional ground resistance and equivalent soil resistivity were inversely proportional to the peak value of injected impulse currents. On the other hand, the equivalent ionization radius and time-lag to the maximum value of ionization radius were increased with increasing the incident impulse voltages. An analysis method for the transient ground resistances of the ground electrode based on the ionization phenomena was proposed. The proposed method can be applied to analyze the transient performances of grounding systems for lightning protection in power system installations.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.289-296
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• 1985

The Townsend primary ionization coefficient a was measured by the luminous-flux method using the fact that the intensity of radiant light is proportional to electron density in the townsend discharge domain. The ranges of measurements were 15for He gas and 10

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2015

Edible sprouts are highly nutritious, containing numerous health-promoting phytochemicals and nutrients. However, the process of sprouting is subject to potential contamination by microorganisms attached to the seed coat. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of air anions generated by spray ionization on growth and sterilization of edible sprouts. Treatment with air anions has positive effects on plant growth and sterilization in 4 kinds of sprouts. Hypocotyl length in red cabbage and kale increased approximately 1.26-fold and radicle length of lettuce, red cabbage, and kale increased 1.4 to 1.6-fold compared to the control. The fresh weight of sprouts in the spray-ionization treatment was significantly (16.0-38.5%) higher than that of the controls. Radicle activity in sprouts exposed to anions was higher than that of the control in all species. Bacterial counts on lettuce, red cabbage, and tatsoi decreased significantly (by 41%, 66%, and 19%, respectively), and bacterial colonies also declined in drainage water. Our findings suggest that spray-ionization treatment is useful for improving sprout growth and for sterilizing sprouts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.773-778
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• 2001

In this dissertation the results of the combined experimental and theoretical studies designed to understand and predict the spatial growth and transport coefficients for electrons in SF$_{6}$ and SF$_{6}$-Ar mixtures have described. The ionization and attachment coefficients in pure SF$_{6}$ and SF$_{6}$-Ar mixtures have been calculated over the range of 10$_{6}$ molecule and for Ar atom proposed by other authors. The transport coefficients for electrons in (0.2%)SF$_{6}$-Ar and (0.5%)SF$_{6}$-Ar mixtures were measured by time-of-flight method, and the electron energy distribution function and the parameters of the velocity and the diffusion were determined by the variation of the collision cross-sections with energy. The results obtained in this work will provide valuable information on the fundamental haviors of electrons in weakly ionized gases and the role of electron attachment in the choice of better gases and unitary gas dielectrics or electro negative components in dielectric gas mixtures. gas mixtures.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.159-163
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• 2010

Co-(0.5 mol%) and Ce-(0~0.3 mol%) doped cubic zirconia ($ZrO_2:Y_2O_3$=64:36 mol%) single crystals grown by a skull melting method were heat-treated in $N_2$ at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 3 hrs. The brown-colored as-grown single crystals were changed into either green or blue color after the heat treatment. Before and after the heat treatment, the YSZ (yttriastabilized zirconia) single crystals were cut for wafer form (${\phi}7mm{\times}t2mm$) and round brilliant cut ($\phi$ 12 mm). The optical and structural properties were examined by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction. Absorption by $Ce^{3+}(^2F_{5/2},\;_{7/2}(4f){\rightarrow}^2T_g(5d^1)),\;Co^{2+}(^4A_2(^4F){\rightarrow}^4T_1(^4F)$ or $^4T_1(^4P))$ and $Co^{3+}$, change of ionization energy and lattice parameter were confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.95-101
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• 2015

This paper presents experimental results about characteristics of soil discharge as a function of moisture content when the $1.2/50{\mu}s$ lightning impulse voltage is applied. The laboratory experiments, for this study, were carried out based on factors affecting the transient behavior in soils. The electrical breakdown in soils was measured over a 0-6% range of moisture content for sands and a 0-4% range of moisture content for gravels. Needle-plane electrode systems was used As a result, the conduction current prior to ionization growth in dry soil is a little, but it in wet soil is increased with the applied voltage because the wet soil particles act as conductors. The soil impedance curves show an abrupt reduction just after breakdown. The general tendency measured in different soils is that the higher the water content, the lower the breakdown voltage and the shorter the time-lag to breakdown.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.78.1-78.1
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• 2014

An ionization front (IF) surrounding an H II region is a sharp interface through which a cold neutral gas makes transition to a warm ionized phase by absorbing UV photons from central massive stars. We investigate the structure and instability of a plane-parallel D-type IF threaded by magnetic fields parallel to the front. We find that magnetic fields increase the maximum propagation speed of the IFs, while reducing the expansion factor, defined as the density ratio of neutral to ionized phases. IFs become unstable to distortional perturbations due to gas expansion across the fronts, exactly analogous to the Darrieus-Landau instability of ablation fronts in terrestrial flames. The growth rate of the IF instability is proportional linearly to the perturbation wavenumber as well as the upstream flow speed. The IF instability is stabilized by gas compressibility and becomes completely quenched when the front is D-critical. The instability is also stabilized by magnetic pressure when the perturbations propagate in the direction perpendicular to the fields. When the perturbations propagate in the direction parallel to the fields, on the other hand, it is magnetic tension that reduces the growth rate, completely suppressing the instability when ${\beta}$ < 1.5, with ${\beta}$ denoting the square of the ratio of the sound speed to the Alfven speed in the pre-IF region. When the front experiences an acceleration, the IF instability cooperates with the Rayleigh-Taylor instability to make the front more unstable. We discuss potential effects of IF instability on the evolution and dynamics of IFs in the interstellar medium.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Lipids play important roles in biological systems; they store energy, play a structural role in the cell membrane, and are involved in cell growth, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Phospholipids (PLs) in particular have received attention in the medical and lipidomics research fields because of their involvement in human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and many cancers associated with lipid metabolic disorders. Here I review experimental strategies for PL analysis based on nanoflow liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MSn). In particular, discussed are lipid extraction methods, nanoflow LC separation of PLs, effect of ionization modifiers on the ESI of PLs, influence of chain lengths and unsaturation degree of acyl chains of PLs on MS intensity, structural determination of the molecular structure of PLs and their oxidized products, and quantitative profiling of PLs from biological samples such as tissue, urine, and plasma in relation to cancer and coronary artery disease.