• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2018

Ion exchange membrane can transfer only cation or anion in electrically conductive fluids. Recent studies have revealed that such selective ion transport can initiate electroconvective instability, resulting vortical fluid motions on the membrane. This so-called electroconvective vortex (a.k.a. electroconvection (EC)) has been in the spotlight for enhancing an ion flux in electrochemical systems. However, EC under shear flow has not been investigated yet, although most related systems operate under pressure-driven flows. In this study, we present the direct visualization platform of EC under shear flow. On the transparent silicone rubber, microscale channels were fabricated between ion exchange membranes, while allowing microscopic visualization of fluid flow and ion concentration changes on the membranes. By using this platform, not only we visualize the existence of EC under shear flow, its unique characteristics are also identified: i) unidirectional vortex pattern, ii) its advection along the shear flow, and iii) shear-sheltering of EC vortices.

• 멤브레인
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2022

이온교환막(IEM)은 다양한 종류의 단가이온과 다가이온을 분리하기 위해 사용되는 막의 한 종류로, 배터리, 연료전지, 염화물-알칼리 공정 등에 사용된다. 이온교환막을 통한 막분리는 전기 구동력을 기반으로 한 녹색 분리 방식이며, 해수 담수화와 수처리 분야에서 떠오르는 방식이다. 전기투석(ED)은 양이온과 음이온이 이온교환막을 따라 선택적으로 이동하는 기술이다. 음이온 교환막(AEM)은 전기투석의 중요한 구성 요소 중 하나이며, 공정 효율을 향상시키는 데 상당한 역할을 한다. 이온교환막에 가교결합을 도입하면 자유 부피의 감소로 인해 이온 선택 분리 성능이 향상된다. 역삼투(RO) 공정을 통한 해수 담수화 시 RO 농축수에 용해된 염이 다량 존재한다. 따라서 1가 양이온 선택막으로 구성된 전기투석 공정은 오염을 줄이고 막 플럭스를 개선한다. 이 검토는 전기투석, 음이온 교환막, 그리고 양이온 교환막의 세 부분으로 나뉜다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.3592-3596
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• 2011

A novel poly(vinylchloride)-based membrane sensor using $N^1$,$N^3$,$N^5$-tris(2-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylamino)-ethyl)cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (CYCOENCAT, L) as ionophore has been prepared and explored as $Fe^{3+}$ selective electrode. The membrane electrode composed of ionophore, poly(vinylchloride) and o-nitropheyloctyl ether in the optimum ratio 4:33:63 gave excellent potentiometric response characteristics, and displayed a linear log[$Fe^{3+}$] versus EMF response over a wide concentration range of $1.0{\times}10^{-5}-1.0{\times}10^{-1}$ M with super nernstian slope of 28.0 mV/decade and the detection limit of $8.0{\times}10^{-6}$ M. The proposed ion selective electrode showed fast response time (< 15 s), wide pH range (3.0-7.0), high non-aqueous tolerance (up to 20%) and adequate long life time (120 days). It also exhibited very good selectivity for $Fe^{3+}$ relative to a wide variety of alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. Further, the analytical applicability of the sensor was tested as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of $Fe^{3+}$ with EDTA.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2013

감마선이 조사된 세포막 모델에서 $K^+$ 와 $Na^+$의 선택적 전달특성을 연구하였다. 이 실험에 사용된 세포막 모델은 $Na^+$ 슬폰화 폴리스티렌-디비닐벤젠(polystyrene-divinylbenzene) 혼성 중합막을 사용하였다. 이온의 초기플럭스는 $H^+$ 이온 농도의 증가와 함께 증가하였다. 이 실험의 조건을 pH 0.5-3, 온도 $15-65^{\circ}C$로 하여 첫 번째 조사되지 않은 막의 $K^+$와 $K^+/Na^+$의 선택도는 약 1.06 - 1.13이고 두 번째 조사된 막의 $K^+$와 $K^+/Na^+$의 선택도는 약 0에 가깝다. 조사된 막의 pH의 추진력은 조사되지 않은 막보다 약 4-5배 정도 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 세포막모델에서 $K^+$와 $Na^+$의 선택적 전달특성이 비정상적이기 때문에 세포장해가 세포에서 발현된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1484-1488
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• 2004

The thiocyanate-selective PVC membrane electrodes based on 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-porphyrinatomanganese(III) chloride [Mn(TMP)Cl] and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrinatomanganese(III) chloride $[Mn(Cl_8TPP)Cl]$ as ion carriers were investigated. The effect of ionophores, membrane compositions, plasticizers, and solution pHs on the response characteristics were studied. The Mn(TMP)Cl as an ionophore shows the best potentiometric sensitivity with a slope of -58.7 mV/decade and a detection limit of $log[SCN^-]$ = -6.90, and selectivity for thiocyanate over strong hydrophobic interfering anions such as ${ClO_4}^-$ and salicylate. The potentiometric response is affected by the electronic effect of the substituents and solution pHs. The presence of substituents with electron donating and more liphophilic characters around the ligated metal center produces an improved response toward $SCN^-$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.800-804
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• 2011

A potentiometric sensor based on the Schiff base $(N^2E,N^{2'}E)-N^2,N^{2'}$-bis(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)-1,1'-binaphthl-2,2'-diamine has been synthesized and explored as an ionophore PVC-based membrane sensor selective for the silver ($Ag^+$) ion. Potentiometric investigations indicate a high affinity of this receptor for the silver ion. Seven membranes have been fabricated with different compositions, with the best performance shown by the membrane with an ionophore composition (w/w) of: 1.0 mg, PVC: 33.0 mg, DOA: 66.0 mg in 1.0 mL THF. The sensor worked well within a wide concentration range of $1.0{\times}10^{-2}$ to $1.0{\times}10^{-7}$ M, at pH 5, at room temperature (slope 57.4 mV/dec.), and with a rapid response time of 9 s; the sensor also showed good selectivity towards the silver ion over a huge number of interfering cations, with the highest selectivity coefficient for $Hg^{2+}$ at -3.7. Thus far, the best lower detection limit was $4.0{\times}10^{-8}$ M.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.40-49
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• 1990

For the determination of polluant NOx in ambient air, nitrate ion-selective electrode(ISE) was made. To comparison of NOx in each method, the nitrate-ISE, NEBA, Orion electrode were used to determinee NOx in ambient air. In this work, the concentration of NOx in ambient air was average 0.06ppm. The results were good agreement with those obtained by each method within a relative error of 3％, Absorbing efficiency of nitrogen oxides in ambient air was good for Alkali solution. The determination of nitrogen oxides in ambient air using the Aliquat 336N-PVC membrane electrode was one of the useful method. The best characteristics of the Aliquat 336N-PVC me,mbrane electrode were obtained with the ion-exchanger concentration level of 6.5-9.1 percent by weight. The optimal membrane composition, was 9.09wt.％ of ion-exchanger, 30.95wt.％ of PVC, 60.6wt.％ of plasticizer (DBP), and 0.5mm of thickness. Under the above condition, the electrode approached the Nernstian slope most closely, and the linear response ranges produced the best results.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.271-279
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• 1987

Amine기를 가진 Bakelite A와 Ni(II) 사이의 착물을 이용한 ${NO_3}^-$이온 선택성 막전극을 만들었다. 이 막전극은 $H^+$ 이온 및 2가 3가 음이온에는 감응하지 않으며, 특히 이 막전극의 재현성, 감응시간 및 이온선택성등 전기화학적 성질을 조사하여 다른 실용화된 막전극과 비교 고찰하였으며 분석화학에의 응용을 고찰하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.383-392
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• 1992

(Bakelite-A)-(2,2'-Bipyridine)-Ni(Ⅱ) Nitrate 착물 막전극이 질산 이온 선택성 막전극이 됨을 확인하였다. 이 막전극은 수소 이온이나 2가 및 3가 음이온에는 감응하지 아니하였고, 특히 이 막전극의 수명, 감응 농도 범위, 감응 시간 및 이온 선택성 등 전기 화학적 성질과 착물 리간드의 유성도 크기 사이의 관계를 비료 고찰하였고, 또한 막의 최적 조건의 착물조성 구조로부터 막의 이온교환 메카니즘을 고찰하였다.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.30-30
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• 2003

Without a definitive resolution of stoichiometry of cardiac Na$^{+}$-Ca$^{2+}$exchange (NCX), we cannot proceed to any quantitative analysis of exchange function as well as cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. The stoichiometry of cardiac NCX, however, is presently in doubt because reversal potentials determined by various groups range between those expected for a 3-to-1 and a 4-to-1 flux coupling. For a new perspective on this problem, we have used ion-selective microelectrodes to quantify directly exchanger-mediated fluxes of $Ca^{2+}$and Na$^{+}$in giant membrane patches. $Ca^{2+}$- and Na$^{+}$-selective microelectrodes, fabricated from quartz capillaries, are placed inside of the patch pipettes to detect extracellular ion transients associated with exchange activity. Ion changes are monitored at various distances from the membrane, and the absolute ion fluxes through NCX are determined via simulations of ion diffusion and compared with standard ion fluxes (Ca$^{2+}$ fluxes mediated by $Ca^{2+}$ ionophore, and Na$^{+}$ fluxes through gramicidin channels and Na$^{+}$/K$^{+}$pumps). Both guinea pig myocytes and NCX1-expressing BHK cells were employed, and for both systems the calculated stoichiometries for inward and outward exchange currents range between 3.2- and 3.4-to-1. The coupling ratios do not change significantly when currents are varied by changing cytoplasmic [Ca$^{2+}$] or by adding cytoplasmic Na$^{+}$. The exchanger reversal potentials, measured in both systems under several ionic conditions, range from 3.1- to 3.3-to-1. Taken together, a clear discrepancy from a NCX stoichiometry of 3-to-1 was obtained. Further definitive experiments are required to acquire a fixed number, and the present working hypothesis is that NCX current has an extra current via ‘conduction mode’.ent via ‘conduction mode’.