• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.666-673
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• 2022

The optimization of a transmission type bremsstrahlung conversion target was carried out with Monte Carlo code FLUKA for intense pulsed electron beams with electron energy of several hundred keV for maximum photon fluence. The photon emission intensity from electrons with energy ranging from 300 keV to 1 MeV on tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum targets was calculated with varied target thicknesses. The research revealed that higher target material element number and electron energy leads to increased photon fluence. For a certain target material, the target thickness with maximum photon emission fluence exhibits a linear relationship with the electron energy. With certain electron energy and target material, the thickness of the target plays a dominant role in increasing the transmission photon intensity, with small target thickness the photon flux is largely restricted by low energy loss of electrons for photon generation while thick targets may impose extra absorption for the generated photons. The spatial distribution of bremsstrahlung photon density was analyzed and the optimal target thicknesses for maximum bremsstrahlung photon fluence were derived versus electron energy on three target materials for a quick determination of optimal target design.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.95.1-95.1
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• 2013

The RBSPICE (Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment) is one of five instrument suites onboard the twin Van Allan Probes (or Radiation Belt Storm Probes; RBSP), launched August 30, 2012 by NASA. One of science targets of RBSPICE instrument is to determine "how changes in that ring current affect the creation, acceleration, and loss of radiation belt particles?". For that purpose, it measures ions and electrons simultaneously. Ion's energy range is from ~20 keV to ~1 MeV and electron's energy channel is from ~35 keV to 1 MeV in order to provide supplementary information about the radiation belts. In this paper, we investigate a reliability of the electron flux measured from the RBSPICE by comparing with ECT (The Energetic Particle, Composition and Thermal Plasma Suite) data. We found there is a critical proton contamination problem in the electron channels of ~ 1MeV of RBSPICE observations during one moderate storm event of Sym H ~ -76 nT on March 1, 2013.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 고에너지 엑스선(6MeV)을 조사한 세포막 모델에서 $K^+-Na^+$ pump 시스템의 능동적 전달특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 이 실험에 사용된 세포막 모델은 $Na^+$슬폰화 폴리스티렌-디비닐벤젠(polystyrene-divinylbenzene) 혼성 중합막을 사용하였다. 이온의 초기플럭스는 $H^+$이온 농도의 증가와 함께 증가하였다. 이 실험의 조건을 pH 1.5-5, 온도 $36.5^{\circ}C$로 하여 첫 번째, 방사선이 조사되지 않은 막에서 $K^+$의 초기플럭스는 $2.09{\times}10^{-4}-1.32{\times}10^{-3}mole/cm^2{\cdot}h$이고 $Na^+$의 초기플럭스는 $7.09{\times}10^{-4}-1.09{\times}10^{-3}mole/cm^2{\cdot}h$으로 나타내었다. 두 번째, 방사선이 조사된 막에서 $K^+$의 초기플럭스는 $21.0{\times}10^{-4}-16.7{\times}10^{-3}mole/cm^2{\cdot}h$이고 $Na^+$의 초기플럭스는 $62.0{\times}10^{-4}-20.6{\times}10^{-3}mole/cm^2{\cdot}h$으로 나타내었다. 막의 $K^+/Na^+$선택도는 약 1.10이다. 조사된 막의 pH의 추진력은 조사되지 않은 막보다 약 9-20배 정도 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 세포막모델에서 $K^+-Na^+$의 pump 시스템의 능동적 전달특성이 비정상적이기 때문에 세포장해가 세포에서 발현된다고 사료된다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2003

4H-SiC Schottky rectifiers were exposed to pure Ar discharges in a planar coil Inductively Coupled Plasma system, as a function of source power, of chuck power and process pressure. The reverse breakdown voltage ($V_B$) decreased as a result of plasma exposure due to the creation of surface defects associated with the ion bombardment. The magnitude of the decrease was a function of both ion flux and ion energy. The forward turn-on voltage ($V_F$), on-state resistance ($R_{ON}$) and diode ideality factor (n) all increased after plasma exposure. The changes in all of the rectifier parameters were minimized at low power, high pressure plasma conditions.

• 태양에너지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2000

An experimental study was carried out in a cavity with upper channel and square heat surface by visualization equipment with Mach-Zehnder interferometer and laser apparatus. The visualization system consists of 2-dimensional sheet light by Argon-Ion Laser with cylindrical lens and flow picture recording system. Instant simultaneous velocity vectors at whole field were measured by 2-D PIV system(CACTUS'2000). Obtained result showed various flow patterns. Severe unsteady flow fluctuation within the cavity are remarkable and sheared mixing layer phenomena are also found at the region where inlet flow is collided with the counter-clockwise rotating main primary vortex. Photographs of Mach-Zehnder are also compared in terms of constant heat flux.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 합동 추계학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.407-410
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• 2002

As a part of electro-mechanical totally implantable artificial heart, a transcutaneous energy transmission system has been developed. By mutual magnetic induction between the first coil on the skin and the subcutaneously implanted second coil, the system transfers electrical power through the skin. This research aimed a minimizing the size of the implanted part as well as maximizing the transfer efficiency. When an air gap is 1$\sim$2cm, voltage gain and current gain low and it is hard to transfer energy due to large leakage flux. That is, the required input voltage and input current must be large compared with the output voltage and output current, respectively, This paper research the inverter topology and the control method in order to increase the voltage gain and the current gain. For this purpose, this inverter employs double tune to compensate the large leakage inductance of primary and secondary of the transcutaneous transformer. And the output energy of transcutaneous energy transmission system supply for Lithium-ion battery charger.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2016

Fast neutrons with a broad energy spectrum, with which it is possible to evaluate nuclear data for various research fields such as medical applications and the development of fusion reactors, can be generated by irradiating proton beams on target materials such as beryllium. To generate short-pulse proton beam, we adopted a deflector and slit system. In a simple deflector with slit system, most of the proton beam is blocked by the slit, especially when the beam pulse width is short. Therefore, the available beam current is very low, which results in low neutron flux. In this study, we proposed beam modulation using a buncher cavity to increase the available beam current. The ideal field pattern for the buncher cavity is sawtooth. To make the field pattern similar to a sawtooth waveform, a multiharmonic buncher was adopted. The design process for the multiharmonic buncher includes a beam dynamics calculation and three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation. In addition to the system design for pulsed proton generation, a test bench with a microwave ion source is under preparation to test the performance of the system. The design study results concerning the pulsed proton beam generation and the test bench preparation with some preliminary test results are presented in this paper.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.608-616
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• 2015

The migration of silver (Ag) in silicon carbide (SiC) and $^{110m}Ag$ through SiC of irradiated tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel has been studied for the past three to four decades. However, there is no satisfactory explanation for the transport mechanism of Ag in SiC. In this work, the diffusion coefficients of Ag measured and/or estimated in previous studies were reviewed, and then pre-exponential factors and activation energies from the previous experiments were evaluated using Arrhenius equation. The activation energy is $247.4kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ from Ag paste experiments between two SiC layers produced using fluidized-bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD), $125.3kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ from integral release experiments (annealing of irradiated TRISO fuel), $121.8kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ from fractional Ag release during irradiation of TRISO fuel in high flux reactor (HFR), and $274.8kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ from Ag ion implantation experiments, respectively. The activation energy from ion implantation experiments is greater than that from Ag paste, fractional release and integral release, and the activation energy from Ag paste experiments is approximately two times greater than that from integral release experiments and fractional Ag release during the irradiation of TRISO fuel in HFR. The pre-exponential factors are also very different depending on the experimental methods and estimation. From a comparison of the pre-exponential factors and activation energies, it can be analogized that the diffusion mechanism of Ag using ion implantation experiment is different from other experiments, such as a Ag paste experiment, integral release experiments, and heating experiments after irradiating TRISO fuel in HFR. However, the results of this work do not support the long held assumption that Ag release from FBCVD-SiC, used for the coating layer in TRISO fuel, is dominated by grain boundary diffusion. In order to understand in detail the transport mechanism of Ag through the coating layer, FBCVD-SiC in TRISO fuel, a microstructural change caused by neutron irradiation during operation has to be fully considered.

• 태양에너지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1997

정방형 발열체를 갖는 수직채널내부의 공기유동을 고찰하고자 레이저를 광원으로하는 가시화 실험을 행하였다. 영상처리시스템은 퍼스널컴퓨터의 내부에 장착할 수 있는 범용의 이미지보오드로 구성하였고 광원으로서는 아르곤-이온레이저와 원통형렌즈를 이용하여 시이트라이트를 만들어 이를 대상 유동장에 조사하고 유동장의 영상을 기록하였다. 전유동장의 순시속도벡터는 2차원 PIV시스템에 의하여 구하였고 채택된 동일입자추적기법은 계조치상호상관법이다. 발열체의 발열량은 5W로 균일하며 유입유속은 0.3m/sec으로 일정하게 하였다. 가시화를 통한 PIV계측 결과는 운동에너지와 난류운동에너지의 분포 등에서 유동패턴을 잘 나타내었다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.186-196
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• 2009

하이퍼써멀 영역의 에너지 ($1{\sim}100\;eV$), 특히, 50 eV 이하의 에너지를 갖는 높은($10^{16}$ particles/$cm^2\;s$ 이상) 플럭스의 이온빔을 직접 인출하기는 어렵지만, 이온을 중성화한 중성입자빔 경우에는 가능하다. 높은 플럭스의 하이퍼써멀 중성입자빔을 생성하고 효율적으로 수송하기 위해서는 낮은 플라즈마 운전압력(0.3 mTorr 이하)에서도 높은 이온밀도($10^{11}\;cm^{-3}$ 이상)를 유지할 수 있는 대면적 플라즈마 발생원이 요구된다. 이러한 하이퍼써멀 중성입자빔의 생성을 위해 요구되는 플라즈마 발생원을 구현하기 위해서는 자기장에 의한 전자가둠 방식이 도입되어야 하는데, 영구자석을 이용한 다양한 자기장 구조를 갖는 Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) 플라즈마 발생 방식이 하나의 해결 방법이 될 수 있음을 제안하였다. 여기에는 마그네트론 구조를 갖는 자기장을 채택한 평면형 ECR 플라즈마 발생 방식과 원통형 플라즈마 용기 외벽 둘레에 영구자석 어레이를 설치하여 축방향 자기장을 형성하고 용기 중심부에 전자를 가두는 원통형 방식이 있다. 두 경우 모두 기본적으로 mirror field 구조에 의한 전자 가둠을 기반으로 하고 전자의 drift에 의해 더욱 효율적으로 전자를 플라즈마 공간에 가두는 방식을 도입하고 있어서 낮은 운전압력에서도 높은 밀도의 플라즈마를 발생시키고 유지할 수 있다.