• 한국진공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

반응성 산소 분위기에서 불소계 고분자에 1 keV 아르곤 이온을 조사하였다. 이온 조사에 의하여 발생한 free radical과 산소 기체와의 화학 반응에 의하여 표면에 -(C-O)-,-(C=O)-,-(C=O)-O-등의 친수성 작용기가 생성되었으며 PVDF에 대한 물의 접촉각은 $75^{\circ}$에서 $31^{\circ}$로 감소하였다. 그러나 이온조사량이 큰 경우 고분자 표면에 탄화 상이 형성됨으로써 접촉각은 다시 $65^{\circ}$로 증가하였다. PTFE에 대한 접촉각은 초기에 감소하였다가 표면 거칠기가 급격히 증가함에 따라 접촉각은 더욱 크게 나타났다. 이온 조사에 의하여 표면에 형성된 극성 작용기에 의해 PVDF와 Pt의 접착력은 급격히 증가하였으며 이는 산-염기 상호작용 때문이다. PTFE와 Cu의 경우, 극성 작용기와 금속간의 화학적 결합에 의하여 접착력이 크게 증가하였다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.384-389
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• 2009

ZnO는 육방정계결정구조의 물질로서 3.37 eV의 넓은 띠 간격과 60 meV의 큰 exciton 결합에너지에 따른 높은 효율의 자외선발광으로 짧은 파장의 빛 (녹, 청, 자외선)을 내는 LED (Light Emitting Diode) 분야에서 관심을 기울이고 있는 물질이다. LED제작을 위해서는 n형의 ZnO와 p형의 ZnO가 필요하지만 기본적으로 ZnO은 n형이므로 신뢰성 있는 p형 ZnO박막을 제작하기 위한 노력이 기울여지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition)로 제작된 ZnO박막에 20 keV의 에너지를 갖는 질소이온을 $10^{13}{\sim}10^{15}ions/cm^2$로 조사한 후 Hall 효과 측정장치를 이용하여 질소이온 조사에 따른 전기적 특성변화를 조사하였다.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1998년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.99-101
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• 1998

1. Introduction : The conventional grafting polymerization technique requires chemically reactive groups on the surface as well as on the polymer chains. For this reason, a series of prefunctionalization steps are necessary for covalent grafting. The surface prefunctionalizational technique for grafting can be used to ionization radiation, UV, plasma, ion beam or chemical initiators. Of these techniques, radiation method is one of the useful methods because of uniform and rapid creation of active radical sites without catalytic contamination in grafted samples. If the diffusion of monomer into polymer is large enough to come to the inside of polymer substrate, a homogeneous and uniform grafting reaction can be carried out throughout the whole polymer substrate. Radiation-induced grafting method may attach specific functional moieties to a polymeric substrate, such as preirradiation and simultaneous irradiation. The former is irradiated at backbone polymer in vacuum or nitrogen gas and air, and then subsequent monomer grafting by trapped or peroxy radicals, while the latter is irradiated at backbone polymer in the presence of the monomer. Therefore, radiation-induced polymerization can be used to modification of the chemical and physical properties of the polymeric materials and has attracted considerable interest because it imparts desirable properties such as blood compatibility. membrane quality, ion excahnge, dyeability, protein adsorption, and immobilization of bioactive materials. Synthesizing biocompatible materials by radiation method such as preirradiation or simultaneous irradiation has often used $\gamma$-rays to graft hydrophilic monomers onto hydrophobic polymer substrates. In this work, in attempt to produce surfaces that show low levels of anti-fouling of bovine serum albumin(BSA) solutions, hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) was grafted polypropylene membrane surfaces by preirradiation technique. The anti-fouling effect of the polypropylene membrane after grafting was examined by permeation BSA solution.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2022

In nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities the removal of cobalt from radioactive liquid waste is needed to reduce the radioactivity concentration in effluents. In liquid wastes containing strong organic complexing agents such as EDTA cobalt removal can be problematic due to the high stability of the Co-EDTA complex. In this study, the removal of cobalt from NaNO₃ solutions using antimony oxide (Sb₂O₃) synthesized from potassium hexahydroxoantimonate was investigated in the absence and presence of EDTA. The uptake studies on the ion exchange material were conducted both in the dark (absence of UV-light) and under UV-C irradiation. Ca²⁺ or Ni²⁺ were included in the experiments as competing cations to test the selectivity of the ion exchanger. Results show that UV-C irradiation noticeably enhances the cobalt sorption efficiency on the antimony oxide. It was shown that nickel decreased the sorption of cobalt to a higher extent than calcium. Finally, the sorption data collected for Co²⁺ on antimony oxide was modeled using six different isotherm models. The Sips model was found to be the most suitable model to describe the sorption process. The Dubinin-Radushkevich model was further used to calculate the adsorption energy, which was found to be 6.2 kJ mol^-1.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2011

The present study has been performed to compare the physiological analysis of monocot model plant (rice) in response to ionizing irradiations (cosmic-ray, gamma-ray, and Ion beam). Ionizing radiations were implanted into monocot model plant (rice) seed. After irradiation, the seeds were planted in the plastic pots for a growth period of one month. Thereafter, the morphological and physiological characteristics including malondealdehyde (MDA) and chlorophyll content, activities of antioxidant enzymes in irradiation samples were investigated. We are confirmed that the activity level of MDA and chlorophyll content were not changed by ionizing irradiation samples. However, the free radical contents were increased in all irradiated plants. And the activities of SOD, POD, and APX were significantly increased by irradiation compared with non-irradiation plant.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2011

Aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films were prepared by using nitrogen ion beam assisted reactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering on the glass substrates without intentional substrate heating. After deposition, the effect of nitrogen ion beam energy on the structural and optical properties of AlN films were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and UV-Vis. spectrophotometer, respectively. AlN films deposited with $N^+$ ion irradiation at 100 eV show the higher (002) peak intensity in XRD pattern than other films. It means that $N^+$ ion energy of 100 eV is the favorable condition for low temperature crystallization. AFM images also show that surface average roughness is increased from 1.5 to 9.6 nm with $N^+$ ion energy in this study. In an optical observation, AlN films which deposited by $N^+$ ion beam energy of 100 eV show the higher transmittance than that of the films prepared with the other $N^+$ ion beam conditions.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2005

InP(100) crystal surface was irradiated by ion beams with low energy $(180\~225\;eV)$ and high flux $(\~10^{15}/cm^2/s)$, Self-organization process induced by ion beam was investigated by examining nano structures formed during ion beam sputtering. As an ion source, an electrostatic closed electron Hall drift thruster with a broad beam size was used. While the incident angle $(\theta)$, ion flux (J), and ion fluence $(\phi)$ were changed and InP crystal was rotated, cone-like, ripple, and anistropic nanostrucuture formed on the surface were analyzed by an atomic force microscope. The wavelength of the ripple is about 40 nm smaller than ever reported values and depends on the ion flux as $\lambda{\propto}J^{-1/2}$, which is coincident with the B-H model. As the incident angle is varied, the root mean square of the surface roughness slightly increases up to the critical angle but suddenly decreases due to the decrease of sputtering yield. By the rotation of the sample, the formation of nano dots with the size of $95\~260\;nm$ is clearly observed.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2002

E-beam 전조사법을 이용하여 HPP-g-GMA 공중합체와 아민화 반응을 통한 아민화 HPP-g-GMA 이온교환체를 합성하였다. 그라프트율은 GMA 단량체 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며 GMA 단량체 농도가 1.46 M에서 그라프트율이 130%로 최대를 나타냈다. 아민화율은 그라프트율이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 그라프트율이 100%일 때 37.4%로 최대값을 나타내었다. 아민화 HPP-g-GMA 섬유이온교환체의 이온교환용량은 약 3.78 meq/g으로써 흡착 성능이 매우 우수한 소재임을 확인하였다. BET 분석결과 아민화 HPP-g-GMA의 비표면적은 54.83 $\m^2/g$, 기공크기는 $26\AA$으로 반응전보다 비표면적은 감소하였고 기공크기는 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 SEM 분석 결과, 반응 후 섬유의 두께가 굵어짐을 관찰하였으며 기공 막힘현상이 관찰되지 않았으며 이로부터 본 연구에서 합성한 섬유이온교환체가 음이온 흡착.분리에 적합함을 확인하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.415-421
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• 2002

E-beam 전조사법을 이용하여 HPP-g-styrene 공중합체와 술폰화 반응을 통한 술폰화 HPP-g-styrene 섬유이온교환체를 합성하였다. 그라프트율은 스티렌 단량체 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며 스티렌 단량체 농도가 80%에서 그라프트율이 128%로 최대를 나타냈다. 술폰화율은 그라프트율이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 그라프트율이 100%일 때 13.4%로 최대값을 나타내었다. 술폰화 HPP-g-styrene 섬유이온교환체의 이온교환용량은 약 3.42 meq/g으로써 흡착 성능이 매우 우수한 소재임을 확인하였다. BET 분석결과 술폰화 HPP-g-styrene의 비표면적은 62.54 $m^2/g$, 기공크기는 25 $\AA$으로 반응전보다 비표면적은 감소하였고 기공크기는 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) 흡착 실험 결과 술폰화도가 증가함에 따라 BSA 흡착 용량이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 술폰화도 13.4%에서 BSA 흡착용량 3.8 mg/g으로 최대를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 합성한 섬유이온교환체가 BSA 흡착.분리에 적합한 소재임을 확인하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.382-387
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• 2005

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) surface was irradiated and became superhydrophilic by low energy (180 eV) and high flux $(\~10^{15}/cm{\cdot}s)$ ion beam. As an ion source, a closed electron Hall drift thruster of $\phi=70mm$ outer channel size without grid was adopted. Ar, $O_2$ and $N_2O$ were used for source gases. When $N_2O^+$ and $O_2^+$ reactive gas ion beam were irradiated with the ion fluence of $5\times10^{15}/cm^2$, the wetting angle for deionized water was drastically dropped from $61^{\circ}\;to\;4^{\circ}\;and\;2^{\circ}$, respectively. Surface energy was also increased up to from 44 mN/m to 81 mN/m. Change of chemical component in PVDF surface was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Such a great increase of the surface energy was intimately related with the increase of hydrophilic group component in reactive ion irradiated PVDF surfaces. By using an atomic force microscopy, the root-mean-square of surface roughness of ion irradiated PVDF was not much altered compared to that of pristine PVDF.