• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2016

Recently, nanotechnology has grown as one of the leading science technology along with other converging technologies such as biology, information, medicine etc., bringing the continuous investment of the government in nano-related field. However, it is difficult to measure and evaluate the performance of the national research and development programs because of the multidimensional character of the expected outcomes. This study aims to measuring efficiency of the national nanotechnology research and development programs using DEA model. The decision making units are nine nano-related ministries including the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning. The input variables are total expenditure, number of the programs and average expenditure per program. The output variables are science, technology and economic indicator, and the combination of these outputs are respectively measured as seven different DEA cases. The Ministry of Science, ICT and Future was the first efficient ministry in total technical efficiency. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety were efficient in pure technical efficiency, when the Ministry of Commerce Industry and Energy took the first in the scale efficiency. The program efficiency was affected by organizational characteristics such as the institution's scale, the concentration of the research paper or the patent, technology transfer or the commercialization. The result of this study could be utilized in development of the policy in the nanotechnology and the related field. Furthermore, it could be applied for the modification of expenditure management or the adjustment of the research and development programs' input and output scale for each ministry.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.37-50
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate meaningful relationship between technology appraisal indices and SMEs' financial performances for their continuous growth. The empirical data for this study were based on the technology appraisal results of Korea Technology Finance Corporation(KOTEC) and the financial data of the following 2 years 0f 3,688 SMEs. The meaningful differences between SMEs with superb financial performances and the others, by using t-test analysis, statistically were verified in 25 indices(75.8%) out of total 33 indices. All of five independent variables, namely CEO's capability, technology manpower, R&D intensiveness, market competitiveness and investment feasibility, were verified to have a positive effect on business feasibility respectively and business feasibility also has a positive influence on financial performance, such as sales growth, labor productivity and financial stability.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.31-36
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• 2010

Rising interest rates positively affect investment in construction, while falling interest rates affect it negatively. In other words, the interest rate is one of the most critical factors affecting the construction sector. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between the annual interest rate and construction contracts, and to present a model for quantitatively forecasting the economic performance of the construction sector. Based on the statistical data of interest rate changes for 19 years (from 1991 to 2009), this research induces an equation through regression analysis that incorporates interest rate and construction contract amounts as independent and dependent variables, respectively. The result of the analysis shows that, in the building and private sector, the interest rates are closely related to, with a correlation coefficient as high as 0.85. It was also indicated that the contract amounts of private and building sectors may increase quite rapidly in 2012.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

A Model of small scale total mixed rations(TMR) plant which can be utilized round bales was developed, tested and analyzed in this study. This study consist of two parts. One is development of a small scale TMR plant model which was already reported at the previous paper. This is the second part of the study. For the study, a series of tests of the model plant were performed and its costs was analyzed. Also, the break-even point of the model plant by comparing with market price of commercial TMR feed was determined. Results of the research are summarized as follows ; As the results of mixing test, the average coefficient of variation(CV) value for mixing of the feed was 13.0 % at the gate of the mixer. The production cost was estimated as 8,298 won/head for dairy cattle farm and 2,495 won/head for beef cattle farm, when producing 8 batch a day. Also, it is recommended to utilize the model plant when farm size is over 79 heads for dairy cattle farm and 113 heads for beef cattle farm. As an overall conclusion, the model plant designed for farm size TMR feed mill will be very useful model for both beef cattle and dairy farms in Korea. Also it is expected that the capital investment for the model plant can be recovered with 8 months compare with purchasing commercial TMR feed if the model plant feeds 1,000 beef cattle approximately.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.199-228
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• 2012

While there are increasing requests for open innovation, prior studies have focused mainly on the utilizing the external sources. This study suggests to broaden the way of measuring openness to include the innovation management factors and output besides of utilizing the external sources. Additionally, the new measures will compare the status of openness in small and medium enterprises between Korea and Japan. There is greater differences in openness between SMEs and big firms in Japan than ones in Korea. Although SMEs in Japan utilize the external knowledge sources more actively than ones in Korea, they show less openness from the perspective of managerial factors such as metric for open innovation, collaboration system, investment for collaboration, and performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2011

The prospects of current and coming solar-photovoltaic (PV) technologies are envisioned, arguing this solar-electricity source is beyond a tipping point in the complex worldwide energy outlook. Truly, a revolution in both the technological advancements of solar PV and the deployment of this energy technology is underway; PV is no longer an outlier. The birth of modern photovoltaics (PV) traces only to the mid-1950s, with the Bell Telephone Laboratories' development of an efficient, single-crystal Si solar cell. Since then, Si has dominated the technology and the markets, from space through terrestrial applications. Recently, some significant shift toward technology diversity have taken place. Some focus of this presentation will be directed toward PV R&D and technology advances, with indications of the limitations and relative strengths of crystalline (Si and GaAs) and thin-film (a-Si:H, Si, Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2, CdTe). Recent advances, contributions, industry growth, and technological pathways for transformational now and near-term technologies (Si and primarily thin films) and status and forecasts for next-generation PV (nanotechnologies and non-conventional and "new-physics" approaches) are evaluated. The need for R&D accelerating the now and imminent (evolutionary) technologies balanced with work in mid-term (disruptive) approaches is highlighted. Moreover, technology progress and ownership for next generation solar PV mandates a balanced investment in research on longer-term (the revolution needs revolutionary approaches to sustain itself) technologies (quantum dots, multi-multijunctions, intermediate-band concepts, nanotubes, bio-inspired, thermophotonics, ${\ldots}$ and solar hydrogen) having high-risk, but extremely high performance and cost returns for our next generations of energy consumers. This presentation provides insights to the reasons for PV technology emergence, how these technologies have to be developed (an appreciation of the history of solar PV)-and where we can expect to be by this mid-21st century.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.511-544
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• 2007

He purpose of this paper is to estimate environmental efficiency and grasp the relationship between trade and environmental efficiency for 61 countries. Furthermore, we examine the environmental Kuznets relationship between environmental efficiency and GDP per capita and 'pollution haven hypothesis' as well. This paper implies that trade-related variables such as trade composition, the share of polluting exports and openness of a country are important determinants of environmental efficiency and especially, we confirmed existence of 'environmental Kuznets curve' but could not accept 'pollution haven hypothesis' in that 'foreign direct investment (FDI)' improves the environmental performance of pensioner nations.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

This paper introduces emergy(spelled with "m") that is a new environmental indicator in architecture, aiming to clarify conflicting claims of building design components in the process of energy-retrofit. Much of design practitioners' attention on low energy use in operational phases, may simply shift the lowered environmental impact within the building boundary to large consumption of energy in another area. Specifically, building energy reduction strategies without a holistic view starting from natural formation, may lead to the depletion of non-renewable geobiological sources (e.g. minerals, fossil fuels, etc.), which leaves a building with an isolated energy-efficient object. Therefore, to overcome the narrow outlook, this research discusses the total ecological impact of a building which embraces all process energy as well as environmental cost represented by emergy. A case study has been conducted to explore emergy-driven design work. In comparison with operational energy-driven scenarios, the results elucidate how energy and emergy-oriented decision-making bring about different design results, and quantify building components' emergy contribution in the end. An average-size ($101.9m^2$) single family house located in South Korea was sampled as a benchmark case, and the analysis of energy and material use was conducted for establishment of the baseline. Adoption of the small building is effective for the goal of study since this research intends to measure environmental impact according to variation of passive design elements (windows size, building orientation, wall materials) with new metric (emergy) regardless of mechanical systems. Performance simulations of operational energy were developed and analyzed separately from the calculation of emergy magnitudes in building construction, and then the total emergy demand of each proposed design was evaluated. Emergy synthesis results verify that the least operational energy scenario requires greater investment in indirect energy in construction, which clearly reveals that efficiency gains are likely to be overwhelmed by increment of material flows. This result places importance on consideration of indirect energy use underscoring necessity of emergy evaluation towards the environment-friendly building in broader sense.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-116
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• 2005

When people contact the government they can use a variety of channels. That is, they go in person to an office, use a telephone service, access information via the Internet, send a letter, or use a third party. Since the Australian Government first recognised the potential of online technology to improve service delivery in its 1997 Investing for Growth statement, it has articulated its policies and strategies for e-government in a number of papers. E-government involves government agencies delivering better programs and services online through the use of new information and communication technologies. The policy papers included Government Online-The Commonwealth's Strategy, launched in April 2000, and a new framework for e-government, Better Services. Better Government, launched in November 2002. Most recently, the Government released Australia's Strategic Framework for the Information Economy in July 2004. These papers outlined the broad directions and priorities for the future of e-government in Australia, and sought to maintain the momentum of agencies' actions under Government Online. One of its key objectives was for agencies to achieve greater efficiency in providing services and a return on their investments in ICT (Information and Communication Technology)-based service delivery. They also stated that investing in e-government should deliver tangible returns, whether they take the form of cost reductions, increased efficiency and productivity, or improved services to business and the broader community Implementation of the Government policy has led to considerable agency investment in ICT-based service delivery. However government policy also requires managers to ensure that program and service delivery is efficient and effective. Efficient and effective use of ICT has the potential to improve service delivery and to make financial savings. This paper outlines how people are using the channels to contact the government in Australia. It also examines the level of satisfaction they have with those services and their preferences and expectations. In addition, this paper aims at identifying the methods used by Australian Government to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of their delivery of services, and at assessing the adequacy of these methods.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.689-711
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• 2010

This study attempts to find the relationship between achievement of environmental industry and development of financial sector by analyzing cross-sectional data for OECD countries. Development of financial industry has a positive effect on environmental industry. Green financing also affects improvement of environmental quality. Demand for environmental quality is positively influenced by GDP per capita, while financial crisis has a bad effect on environmental performance. Government-led green financing in Korea has a major role in the Korean environmental policy for years. While market-oriented green financing improves the efficiency of regulation, government-led green financing may delay internalization of environmental cost due to its subsidizing effect. Further study should include systematic analysis on the scope of green financing and its qualitative attribute and fundamental causality between green financing and environmental improvement.