• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.250-266
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was conducted to suggest new alternative methods to improve pharmacopuncture and Korean medicine research by analyzing the injection route, pharmacological effect, and status studies of Chinese herbal injections. Methods : 130 types of marketed and licensed Chinese herbal injection were searched from National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, and the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were used to collect additional information. 'Herbal injection' and 'Chinese herbal injection' were used as keywords. All data were collected mainly on the treatment of Chinese herbal injection. But data which were not related to the relevant research or Chinese herbal injection were excluded. Results : Intramuscular injection accounted for more than half of the single injection route (51%). Acupoint and intramuscular injections accounted for 55% of dual injection routes. Acupoint, intravenous, and intramuscular injections accounted for the largest proportion (76%) of the multiple routes of injections. As for the pharmacological effect, injection for cardiovascular diseases accounted for 29%. About the number of raw herbal materials, single herbal material was the most common. Twelve intervention studies all tested intravenous injections, and half of them investigated cardiocerebrovascular diseases. All were given by intravenous injection. In the side effect section, the most common symptoms were nausea and vomiting. Conclusions : Through the results, it is expected to be used for research and development of new pharmacopuncture and herbal medicine.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of training using an intravenous (IV) arm model versus a computer simulator for IV injections. Method: Study was a quasi-experimental study conducted with 106 nursing students. Participants were divided into two groups: the IV Arm Group using a mannequin arm model (control group) and the Computer Simulator Group using the Virtual IV demonstration (experimental group). Theoretical lectures and video presentations on IV injections were given to both groups. Each group went through the training practice using the IV arm or computer simulator. After the completion of training, questionnaires were given to the students to evaluate their learning attitudes and experiences, self-confidence in IV injection, and satisfaction with the training materials. Results: Student satisfaction with the training materials including the reality, usefulness, and educational effects showed notable differences between the two groups with the Computer Simulator group reporting more positive effects that the IV Arm group. However, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in the categories of learning attitude, learning experience, or self-confidence. Conclusion: While there was a differences in strengths and weaknesses of the two methods, both methods should be considered for practice and further study needs to be done on educational effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2600-2606
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effect of simulation-based training on the clinical competence and confidence of nursing students in intravenous injection performance and the satisfaction of clients. Methods: This study employed a randomized control posttest non-synchronized design. The participants were 90 second-year nursing students(31 multimedia group, 28 IV model group, 31 IV computerized systems group) of S-University in Seoul, Korea. Each group was given 30 minutes for five trial injections, then the students performed intravenous injections on the back of hands of the clients, and the results were measured. Results: There were significant differences in competence of clinical performance among the three groups showed no significant differences in confidence before and after intravenous injections. While there was no significant difference in the satisfaction of clients among the three groups, there were significant differences in the satisfaction of clients resulting from the success or failure of intravenous injections(p=<.001). Conclusion: This study shows that simulation-base training contributes to the enhancement of competence and confidence of nursing students in clinical performance. It would be helpful to use various simulation-based training media as another choice of education in different fields.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 2007

Paraquat poisoning is a fatal type of herbicide intoxication. It is characterized by multi-organ failure and pulmonary fibrosis with respiratory failure. Intravenous and intramuscular injection of paraquat is rarely described. However, We encountered two fatal cases of acute poisoning caused by paraquat injection. Two patients were admitted to our emergency unit after intravenous and intramuscular injection of 23.8% paraquat (about 476 mg of paraquat). A 37-year-old man diluted 2 ml of 23.8% paraquat solution with 1 ml of normal saline and injected it both intravenously into his left antecubital fossa and intramuscularly into his abdomen in a suicide attempt. He died 5 days later from respiratory failure and acute renal failure. A 92-year-old man was injected intravenously into his right antecubital fossa by his grandson with 2 ml of 23.8% paraquat solution diluted with 1 ml of normal saline. He died 2 days later from early circulatory collapse and multi-organ failure (metabolic acidosis, acute renal failure, coagulopathy). Intravenous and intramuscular injection with a small quantity of paraquat resulted in fatal toxicity in our patients.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.625-633
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• 2024

This study was attempted to identify the perception and experience of hospital nurses on medication errors of high-risk intravenous drugs, and to identify the causes of medication errors and ways to improve them. The subjects of the study were nurses with work experience related to high-risk intravenous administration working at a university hospital located in D City, and data were collected between May 16 ~ 30, 2021. As a result of the study, six key factors were identified as the key factors in the safety of high-risk intravenous injections: the lack of a protocol for the administration of major drugs in each ward, the lack of training in the operation of the injection machine, the lack of standardized procedures for administering high-risk intravenous injections, the lack of individualized medication training for nurses, the lack or lack of the hospital's own drug list, and the lack of identification of drugs packaged in similar containers. At the nursing practice level, it is proposed to apply a high-risk intravenous medication safety program and conduct a future study to identify safety outcome indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1197-1207
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• 2012

This study provides information for the design of pediatric inpatient uniforms with functionality and aesthetic beauty through a questionnaire-survey of the conditions of providing, wearing, preferences and improvement requirements for pediatric inpatient uniforms. As a result of the survey, intravenous injections were mostly given on the back of the hand, and the method of changing uniforms after intravenous injections was (in most cases) to pass the injection bottle through a sleeve or pant leg while the needle is inserted. The respondents answered that the sleeve length and pant length did not match. As a result of the preference of the pediatric inpatient design survey, respondents indicated they preferred pajama type, yellow color and medium size animal patterns. A similar ratio of set-in and raglan with no collar but with 3/4 length sleeve of round neck, front end, sleeve top opening, button closing and two pockets were preferred for shirts; however, a 3/4 length with rubber string on the waist, no opening and inner opening were preferred at the same ratio for pants. As for the method to adjust the length to assign functionality to pediatric inpatient uniforms, the most preferred sleeve was a roll-up sleeve with a strap and the most preferred pants were length adjusted pants that used a strap for both shirts and pants with a both sides strap. In addition, the majority of the respondents answered that a hand wrapper that protects the injection location during intravenous injections needs be developed. As for the development type, a half glove type and glove type were preferred in sequential order.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify the effects of the distraction generated by character stamp and stickers on reduction of intravenous injection pain. Method: This study was conducted using a quasi experimental non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. 60 preschool children who admitted to a Pediatric Department in a C University Hospital were selected as subjects. Convenience assignment was used. The two groups were homogeneous on characteristics. Results: In the experimental group, objective pain(t=3.666, p=.001), subjective pain (t=3.415, p=.001) and perceived pain by the mother(t=2.528, p=0.014) decreased after intravenous injections than the control group. There were no statistical significant differences in pulse rate or fear between the experimental and the control group.　Conclusion: These findings indicate that using character stamp and stickers could be considered as an independent nursing intervention for intravenous injection pain reduction in preschooler.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 1975

Attempts were made to investigate the pharmacological actions of Euonymus japonicae Cortex which is used as a substitute of Eucommiae Cortex. Practically the influence of the alcohol extract of the bark on the blood pressure response of rabbit, was examined, and the results are as follows. 1) The intravenous injections of the alcohol extracts of the bark decreased the blood pressure of rabbits to 4.6 11.1 and 34.2 mmHg respectively. 2) The intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg of the alcohol extract after intravenous injection of atropine 4 mg/kg or that of propranolol 2 mg/kg did not give any notable change to the blood pressure. 3) The intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg of the alcohol extract slightly decreased the raised blood pressure caused by the administration of acetylcholine $10^{-8}g/kg\;and\;10^{-7}g/kg$.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2018

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the incidence of intravenous extravasation and the risk factors associated with the use of peripheral intravenous catheters in adults. Method : This prospective observational study included 203 adult patients admitted to the general ward who received non-chemotherapy vesicant drug infusion treatments. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentage, means, standard deviations, and odds ratios (ORs) from multiple logistic regressions. Results : The incidence of extravasation was 43.3%. Risk factors for intravenous extravasation included continuous injections (OR=5.35, 95% CI [1.38, 20.83]), and parenteral nutrition (OR=3.53, 95% CI [1.43, 8.73]). Conclusion : The present findings revealed that gastrointernal medicine problems, continuous injection, and parenteral nutrition were related to intravenous extravasation. Further research is necessary to reduce the incidence of extravasation related to peripheral intravenous catheterization in adults, and to prevent secondary complications. Finally, patients should be provided appropriate and continuous care based on the type of intravenous infusion.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the single-dose intravenous toxicity of Guseonwangdo-go glucose 5% pharmacopuncture (GWG5). Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of five males and five females per group: an intravenous (IV) injection of 1.0 mL of normal saline solution per animal was administered to the control group; IV injections of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mL of GWG5 per animal were administered to the experimental groups (G: 0.1, G: 0.5, and G: 1.0). Observation of clinical signs and body weight measurements were carried out for 14 days following the injections. At the end of the observation period, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological tests, as well as necropsy examinations, were performed on the injected parts. Results: No mortalities or adverse clinical signs were observed in any of the groups. The body weights of all groups continuously increased. In the hematological and the biochemical tests, females in G-0.1 had minimal changes, but those changes were not dose dependent. On necropsy examination, no abnormalities were observed. In the histopathological test, focal inflammatory cell infiltrations were observed in two female rats, one in the control group and one in G-1.0. Also, one female rat in the control group had an epidermis crust. These changes were concluded to have been caused by the insertion of the needle into a vein. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that the lethal dose of GWG5 administered via IV injection is more than 1.0 mL per animal in both male and female rats. Further studies are needed to establish more detailed evidence of its toxicity.