• Title/Summary/Keyword: Intraperitoneal infection

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The effect of temperature to scuticociliatida Miamiensis avidus proliferation, and to mortality of infected olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (온도가 스쿠티카충 Miamiensis avidus의 증식과 넙치에 감염시 폐사에 미치는 영향)

  • Bae, Min-Ji;Im, Eun-Young;Kim, Heung-Yun;Jung, Sung-Ju
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.97-105
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    • 2009
  • Scuticociliates Miamiensis avidus (syn. Philasterides dicentrarchi) causes high mortality and bad growth in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Temperature is an important factor not only for growth of pathogens but also for host immune system in poikilothermal animal. In this study, temperature affecting ciliate growth and pathogenicity against olive flounder were examined. Doubling time for the ciliate growth was 61.82 hours at $5{^{\circ}C}$, 26.32 hours at $10{^{\circ}C}$, 21.14 hours at $15{^{\circ}C}$, 16.86 hours $20{^{\circ}C}$ and 16.21 hours at $25{^{\circ}C}$. Maximum ciliate numbers were similar at $10-20{^{\circ}C}$ at the range of $1.54-1.75{\times}10^{5}$/ ml. Duplicated intraperitoneal injections were conducted with the ciliates by the concentrations of $1{\times}10^{2}$, $1{\times}10^{6}$, $1{\times}10^{4}$and $1{\times}10^{5}$/ fish (average 8.34 cm, 4.33 g) then kept at $10{^{\circ}C}$, $15{^{\circ}C}$ and $20{^{\circ}C}$. Cumulative mortality was low at $10{^{\circ}C}$ and the mortality was increasing at higher water temperatures. In addition, cumulative mortality was higher at higher dose of infections. In conclusion, Scuticocilite M. avidus grew well at higher temperature (at $5{^{\circ}C}$, $10{^{\circ}C}$, $15{^{\circ}C}$ and $25{^{\circ}C}$) in vitro, and olive flounder mortality due to M. avidus was highly water temperature and dose dependent. The results of this study suggest that water temperature control may one of the essential factor to reduce mortality due to M. avidus infection.

Quantitative analysis of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in tissues of infected olive flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus) (바이러스성 출혈성 패혈증 바이러스(Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus) 감염 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)의 조직별 바이러스 정량분석)

  • Jang, Jin Hyeon;Hwang, Seong Don;Jung, Ji Min;Kwon, Mun-Gyoung;Hwang, Jee Youn
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.259-265
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    • 2021
  • A diagnostic test for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), which infects more than 80 species of freshwater and marine fish at home and abroad, causing mass mortality, was conducted to provide quantitative data on the amount of virus expression in various tissues of flounder in chronological order. The tissues were collected in chronological order after the intraperitoneal injection of 3.0E+07 tissue culture infective dose50 (TCID50) per 0.1mL per fish of VHSV to randomly selected flounder. As a result of relative quantification through real-time PCR, the highest levels of virus expression were found in the spleen, kidney, gill, and liver on day 5. This study proved that the spleen was an appropriate site for the final diagnosis of VHSV in the early stages of infection and will provide important information for the diagnosis of legal infectious diseases in Korea.

Protective Effect of Niclosamide on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Sepsis in Mice by Modulating STAT3 Pathway (니클로사마이드를 이용한 STAT3 신호전달 조절을 통해 LPS로 유발된 패혈증 동물모델 보호 효과 검증 연구)

  • Se Gwang JANG
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.306-313
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    • 2023
  • Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response, with manifestations in multiple organs by pathogenic infection. Currently, there are no promising therapeutic strategies. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a cell signaling transcription factor. Niclosamide is an anti-helminthic drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a potential STAT3 inhibitor. C57BL/6 mice were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Niclosamide was administered orally 2 hours after the LPS injection. This study found that Niclosamide improved the survival and lung injury of LPS-induced mice. Niclosamide decreased the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum. The effects of Niclosamide on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and STAT3 signaling pathways were determined in the lung tissue by immunoblot analysis. Niclosamide reduced phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, NF-κB, and STAT3 significantly. Furthermore, it reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 by LPS stimulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Niclosamide also reduced the LPS-stimulated expression of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Niclosamide provides a new therapeutic strategy for murine sepsis models by suppressing the inflammatory response through STAT3 inhibition.

Studies on Anisakis Type Larvae (Anisakis 형(型) 유충(幼蟲)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Lim, Jung Teck
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.293-307
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    • 1975
  • As it has been known recently that anisakis type larvae harbouring in marine fishes are a causal agent of zoonosis to human and probably to land living mammal animals, attention was focused on the study on the larvae in an aspect of epidemiology or epizootiology. The present work was conducted from 1966 to 1975 for i) survey on the harbouring status of anisakis type larvae in marine fishes of this country, ii) observation on the response to the experimental infestation of the larvae to the pigs, in the reason that they could well fetid raw fish viscera occasionally containing the larvae as a high protein source of swine food, and iii) observation on the larval resistance and response to vermicidal agents for the purpose of prevention of the larval infection to the mammal animals. The data obtained in the studies were summarized as follows: 1. In the survey on the status of larvae harbouring in main species of marine fishes of this country, 15 species, a total of 1,940 fishes, were observed and the result was summarized in table 2. Average number of larvae, in upper rank of 5 out of all 15 species of fishes, were as highest as 156 larvae ranging 74 to 450 in Pseudosciaena manchurica (chamjogi), 54.5 ranging 15 to 240 in Trichiurus haumela (kalchi), 35.6 ranging 8 to 112 in Trachurus japonica (junggengi), 30.6 ranging 4 to 65 in Parapristipama trilineatum (benjari) and 20.5 ranging 3 to 48 in Nibea argentata (boguchi) respectively. In morphological observation, size of the larvae in the fishes were varied, ranging from 2 to 32mm long, and a tendency to larger size and number of larvae in the fishes, which were wider sea migration, higher age and lager bodily size, was observed The favorite places harbouring the larvae in fishes were mainly around the intraperitoneal viscera such as mesentery, omentum, liver, pyloric suspensory, fat tissue and cloaca, and rarely in body muscles of fish. Fishes heartily infested with the larvae showed stunted growth decreased egg formation and severe damage of liver. 2. In the experimental infestation of the larvae to normal pigs, as illustrated in table 3, a group with large dose of larvae (a total of 1,800 larvae, 300 larvae Per dose, twice in a dart for 3 days) showed acute clinical syndrome terminatine death with a week course, whereas two groups with less dose of larvae (a total of 180~360 larvae, 10 larvae per dose, at 5 days interval for 70~180 days) showed subclinical syndrome with remarkably stunted growth as. much as approximately one half of body size in contest to the control pigs. In the pathological findings, a group with large dose of larvae showed macroscopically larvae penetrating to the gastric wall with severe gastroenteritis, and histopathologically various acute lesions caused by active larvae penetration into the wall of stomach and interstine, whereas two groups with less dose of larvae showed chronic lesions such as hypertrophy and verminous granulomatous swelling of gastric wall, suggesting strongly the possibility of natural infestation of larvae to swine. 3. In the resistance of the larvae to the chemical solutions, the larvae tolerated for 2 days in 15 percent solution of sodium chloride and acetic acid, and for 7 days in 70 percent solution of ethyl alcohol. In the resistance to the temperature, the larvae died within 1 second at $62^{\circ}C$ and tolerated for 24 hours at $-3^{\circ}C$, 12 hours $-5^{\circ}C$ respectively. 4. For the experiment on the vermicidal effect to larvae, general vermicidal drugs such as Neguvon, Combantrin, antimony Potassium, piperazine adipate and piperazine dihydrochloride, oxidizer such as potassium permanganate and potassium chlorate, and dyes such as gentian violet and crystal violet were used, and among them, as illustrated in table 6, potassium permanganate was proved as the best. In the successive test for the practical use of potassium permanganate, vermicidal effect in seawater solution of potassium permanganate and common-water solution of potassium permanganate were compared, and then retested by dipping the fish viscera including the larvae into the two different solutions of potassium permanganate. The result through these tests indicated that 0.01 percent common water and sea-water solution of potassium permanganate could be apparently recommended as a preventive vermicidal solution, having 90 to 100 percent vermicidal effect by dipping for 12 to 24 hours even though sea-water solution of potassium permanganate had a tendency to slightly less effect than the common-water solution of potassium permanganate (Table 8).

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Potential Reproductive Toxicity Study of p53 Expressing Adenoviral Vector in Mice (아데노바이러스 유전자치료벡터의 생식독성 연구)

  • Rhee, Gyu-Seek;Kwack, Seung-Jun;Kim, Soon-Sun;Lee, Rhee-Da;Seok, Ji-Hyun;Chae, Soo-Young;Chung, Soo-Youn;Kim, Seung-Hee;Lee, Seung-Hoon;Park, Kui-Lea
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.151-158
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    • 2007
  • The possibility of inadvertent introduction of therapeutic gene expressing viral vectors has raised safety concerns about germ-line infection. Particularly, for indications such as prostate cancer and ovarian cancer, the proximity of the point of viral administration to organs of the reproductive system raises concerns regarding inadvertent germ-line transmission of genes carried by the virus vector. To evaluate the safety of in vivo adenovirus mediated gene transfer, we explored the biodistribution, persistance and potential germ-line transmission of p53-expressing adenovirus (Ad-CMV-p53). Both male and female Balb/c mice were injected with $1{\times}10^9$ PFU of Ad-CMV-p53. The PCR analysis showed that there were detectable vector sequences in liver, kidney, spleen, seminal vesicle, epididymis, prostate, ovary, and uterus. The RT-PCR analysis for detecting inserted gene, p53 showed that Ad-CMV-p53 viral RNA were present in spleen, prostate and ovary. Direct injected male and female mice of adenovirus vector into testis and ovary were mated and their of offspring were evaluated for germ-line transmission of the adenoviral vector. The PCR and RT-PCR analysis showed no evidence of germline transmission, although vector sequences were detected in DNA extracted from gonadal tissues. Real-time PCR result confirmed a significant decrease of adenovirus in gonad tissues 1 week after injection. We have also analysed the cell specific localization of viral DNA in gonad tissues by using in-situ PCR. Positive signals were detected in interstitial tissue but not in seminiferous tubule in sperm. In the case of ovary, adenovirus signal were localized to the stromal tissue, but no follicular signals were observed. Together, these data provide strong evidence that the risk of the Inadvertent germ-line transmission of vector sequences following intraperitoneal or direct injection into genito-urinary system of adenovirus is extremely low.

Role of Alveolar Macrophages in Productions of Prostaglandin D2 and E2 in the Inflamed Lung (프로스타글란딘 D2와 E2의 생성에 대한 허파 마크로파이지의 역할)

  • Joo, Myung-Soo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.845-852
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    • 2010
  • Our previous study showed that lungs infected by Pseudomonas, a gram-negative bacteria, produce prostaglandin $D_2$ ($PGD_2$) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), the two major prostanoids generated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and that the ratio of $PGD_2$ and $PGE_2$ can affect the outcome of the bacterial lung infection. In this study, we sought to uncover the mechanism that determines the ratio of $PGD_2$ and $PGE_2$ produced in lung inflammation. When treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), primary alveolar macrophages, extracted from mouse lung, more $PGE_2$ was produced than $PGD_2$, whereas MH-S, a murine alveolar macrophage cell line, produced more $PGD_2$ than $PGE_2$ in a similar experiment. Western blot analyses showed that the kinetics of COX-2 expression in both cell types is similar and epigenetic silencing of COX-2 expression did not affect expressions of lipocalin-PGD synthase (L-PGDS) and PGE synthase (mPGES-1), major enzymes synthesizing $PGD_2$ and $PGE_2$ in inflammation, respectively, indicating no effect of COX-2 on expressions of the two enzymes. Expressions of L-PGDS and mPGES-1 were also similar in both cell types, suggesting no effect of the two key enzymes in determining the ratio of $PGD_2$ and $PGE_2$ in these cells. A single intraperitoneal injection of LPS to C57BL/6 mice induced COX-2 expression and, similar to alveolar macrophages, produced more $PGE_2$ than $PGD_2$ in the lung. These results suggest that the differential expressions of $PGD_2$ and $PGE_2$ in the lung reflect those in alveolar macrophages and may not be directly determined by the enzymes responsible for $PGD_2$ and $PGE_2$ synthesis.