• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2014

This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic efficacy of piroxicam (PX), a long acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of arthritis, following intra-articular (IA) injection in comparison to the pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic efficacy of PX after intramuscular (IM) injection. In the pharmacokinetic study in rats, systemic exposure and pharmacokinetic parameters of PX after a single IA dose were compared with systemic exposure and pharmacokinetic parameters of PX after administration of the same dose IM (0.6 mg/kg). The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of IA PX were evaluated simultaneously in a monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis rat model. The plasma PX concentration rapidly rose following IA injection, and it was comparable to the plasma PX concentration following IM injection, suggesting the rapid efflux of the drug molecule from the joint cavity. However, in the efficacy study, the IA PX administration significantly reduced the knee swelling by reducing the level of prostaglandin $E_2$ in the joint, compared to that following administration of IA vehicle and after administration of the IM PX dose. In addition, we found that the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive efficacies of IA PX were synergistically increased upon co-treatment with hyaluronic acid (HA), a potent agent for the treatment of osteoarthritis, at the weight ratio of 1:1 or 1:2, and these effects were more pronounced than those following administration of HA or PX alone. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the efficacy of the IA use of PX alone and/or in combination with HA in osteoarthritis.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 1998

본 연구는 한우에 있어서 다배란처리에 의한 체내 정상수정란의 생산효율을 극대화하기 위하여 PEG에 용해한 FSH의 1회 피하주사 방법이 현재 사용하고 있는 1일 2회 4일간 근육 주사방법을 대체할 수 있는지를 결정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 연구결과 다회 근육주사 방법과 비교하여 1회 피하주사 방법이 황체수, 총 회수란수 및 이식가능 수정란수에 있어서 현저히 증가 (P〈0.05)하였다. 따라서 한우에 있어서 PEG에 용해시킨 Folltropin-V의 1회 피하주사 방법이 효과적이라고 사료된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of vitamin or mineral supplements on the conception rates of dairy heifers when replacing the last injection of GnRH with hCG in ovsynch protocol (experiment 1) and also to investigate whether the estrus synchronization treatment in the heifer stage affects the conception rates after $1^{st}$ parturition (experiment 2). In experiment 1, 50 heifers were randomly assigned into 3 groups: 20 heifers each in groups 1 and 2, and 10 in group 3. All three groups were treated with an intramuscular injection of GnRH on day 0 (day 0 = the day of program start), $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ on day 7 and hCG on day 9, and were inseminated on day 10, 12~16h after hCG injection. In group 1 (vitamin group), the heifers were treated with an intramuscular injection of 5 ml of vitamin-ADE $500^{(R)}$, and group 2 (mineral group) was treated twice with an intramuscular injection of 30 ml of mineral supplement-LAPTOVET$^{(R)}$ on a one-week interval beginning on the day of hormone treatment (day 0 and day 7 respectively). Group 3 (control) was treated only with hormones. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography through a rectal probe. First service conception rates (FSCR) and average services per conception (ASPC) were recorded for all subjects. Of the total 50 heifers, 6 (2 in group 1, 3 in group 2, and 1 in group 3) heifers were eliminated due to accidents during experiment 1. FSCRs were 58.8% (10/17), 66.7% (12/18) and 44.4% (4/9) in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. ASPCs were $1.53{\pm}0.72$, $1.27{\pm}0.59$ and $1.63{\pm}0.74$ in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Although there were no significant difference between the groups, relatively good results (higher FSCR and lower ASPC) were obtained in both group 1 and 2. In experiment 2, 11 primiparous cows from group 2 of experiment 1 in heifer stage which had been treated both with the hormones for estrus synchronizing and mineral supplements (ES group), and 12 primiparous cows treated only with minerals (non-ES group) were compared to examine the effects of estrus synchronization program on conception rates after $1^{st}$ parturition. Following the examination, postpartum ASPCs were $1.55{\pm}0.82$ and $2.17{\pm}1.47$ in ES group and non-ES group, respectively. The postpartum average days open (ADO) were $116{\pm}56$ and $197{\pm}93$ in ES group and non-ES group, respectively. Although there were no significant difference between the two groups, desirable results (lower ASPC and shorter ADO) were found in ES group after $1^{st}$ parturiton. In conclusion, experiment 1 indicates that vitamin or mineral supplement with ovsynch protocol may have some positive effect on FSCR and ASPC of dairy heifers, and in experiment 2, ES program in heifer stage had a positive effect on ASPC and ADO following $1^{st}$ parturition.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.167-168
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• 1977

A case of canine babesiasis in a about 2 years old male Retriever dog was presented. The diagnosis was comfirmed by the examination of blood smear with Giemsa stain. The patient was completly recovered with the intramuscular injection of $7{\%}$

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2000

Background: Intrathecal injection of morphine is widely used in the management of postoperative pain because it provides long-lasting analgesia. Intramuscular caroverine and tiaprofenate are used to produce postoperative pain relief. This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and quality of sleep achieved with intrathecal morphine and those of intramuscular caroverine and tiaprofenate in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Methods: Forty patients undergoing elective TURP were randomly allocated into 2 groups as follows: Group M (n=20); 0.25 mg of morphine hydrochloride mixed in 7.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered at the time of induction of spinal anesthesia. Group S (n=20); 7.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered intrathecally and caroverine and tiaprofenate intramuscularly at every 8 hr and 12hr postoperatively for management of postoperative pain. We evaluated the analgesic efficacy with visual analog scale (VAS), quality of sleep, and side effects. Results: VAS at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation were significantly less (p<0.01) in the group M than in the group S. Group M was superior to group S with respect to quality of sleep (p<0.01). In the group M, the incidence of nausea was 30% (6/20) and that of pruritus was 35% (7/20) and clinical respiratory depression did not occur. Conclusions: Intrathecal 0.25 mg morphine provides good postoperative analgesic effect. but intramuscular caroverine and tiaprofenate does not.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.131-134
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• 1995

톡소포자충의 증식형 (tachyzoite)인 RH주를 특정 무균 마우스(specific pathogen free mouse)의 대퇴부 근육에 주입하면 복강내 계대시 보다 1-2일 더 오래 생존한다 감염 경과에 따른 서혜부 림프절의 조직병리학적 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 근육내 주입후 1일. 3일 및 5일에 동측(동측) 서혜부 림프절과 반대편 서혜부 림프절을 얻어 hematoxylin-rosin으로 염색하였다. 주입후 1-3일의 동측 림프절 조직은 피질(cortex)과 부피질(paracortex) 영역에서 배중심(verminal center)의 발달 동 (sinus)의 팽창 및 유강피세포괴(cluster of epithelioid cells)의 발달 등이 관찰되었다. 주입후 5일 째의 동측 림프절에서는 림프절 구조가 대부분 사라지고. 세포수가 감소되었을 뿐만 아니라 국소 괴사가 관찰되었다. 이 실험에서 관찰한 괴사성 림프절염은 톡소포자충에 의한 림프절염에서 기록 되지 않았던 소견으로서 사람의 괴사성 림프절염과 톡소포자충과의 원인적 관계를 시사한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 1999

Background: Transdermal fentanyl patch (TDFP) is a simple, noninvasive analgesic with continuous effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of TDFP. Methods: Sixty healthy patients undergoing cesarean section were divided into 3 groups. Postoperative pain was controlled with different methods; Group I: application of TDFP-$25{\mu}g/hr$, Group II: intramuscular injection of ketoprofen; Group III: continuous epidural block. Pain scores (numerical rating scale, NRS), number of patients who needed additive ketoprofen injections and side effects were recorded at 8, 20, 32, 44 hours postoperatively. Results: There was no significanant difference in pain score between Group I and Group II. The numbers of patients who need additive ketoprofen injections were lower in group I than group II. Pruritis (25%), nausea/vomiting (10%), leg numbness (40%) was experienced in group III, but not in Group I & II. Conclusions: TDFP-$25{\mu}g/hr$ for postoperative pain control is simpler and more convinient than intramuscular injection of analgesics.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2000

We established a new method to analyze abamectin using HPTLC (high performance thin layer chromatography) in order to obtain its pharmacokinetic profiles in pigs. Recovery of abamectin in pig serum after fluorescence derivatization was $80.01{\pm}3.82%$ at 0.1ppm and $83.67{\pm}3.63%$ at 10ppm, respectively. Detection reproducibility in terms of coefficient variation (c.v.) was 3.09% and 2.74% (intra-day), and 3.71% and 51.7%(inter-day), for 0.1 and 10ppm, respectively. Pharmacokinetics of abamectin was studied in five Yorkshire-Landrace mixed bred male pigs ($35.0{\pm}2.7kg$) administered intramuscularly 0.3mg/kg b.w. Pharmacokinetic profiles of abamectin in pigs were described by the 1-compartment open model with first-order absorption and first-order elimination. AUC (area under the curve) was $262.65{\pm}16.44ng{\cdot}day/ml$ and the biological elimination half-life ($t_{1/2},\;k_e$) was $5.28{\pm}0.84$ days, indicating somewhat high bioavailability and long half-life by the intramuscular route. We suggest intramucular injection of abamectin could be also used in place of the recommended route of its subcutaneous administration so far.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.517-519
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• 1977

The author studied the effects of cyclophosphamide to the Dental pulps of Rabbits. Eighteen rabbits were used. The experimental rabbits were given an intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide 50mg. per 1.5Kg. of body weight. In order to investigate effects of cyclophosphamide to the pulps of rabbits the control and experimental rabbits were sacrificed, on 1,3,5,7,10, and 14 days after injection of cyclophosphamide and made preparations for histopathologic findings. The results were as fallows. 1. In the early stage after injection of cyclophosphamide, retrcgrade degeneration of pulps such as infiltration of inflammatory cells, vacuolization, hyaline degeneration and reticular tissue atrophy in pulps were revealed. 2. The pulps were recovered from 10 to 14 days after injection of cyclophosphamide.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2015

The pathogenecity of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida was studied in healthy Oreochromis niloticus. Inoculum at concentration of $1.5{\times}10^8CFU/ml$ and $3{\times}10^8CFU/ml$ was injected into healthy fish through intramuscular and intraperitoneal injections. Experimentally infected Oreochromis niloticus showed ulceration at the dorsal musculature and trunk region in addition to black coloration, congested gills, exophthalmia, and ocular hemorrhage. Congested liver and kidney were recorded in post-mortem examination. Mortality of the experimentally infected Oreochromis niloticus reached 100% after intramuscular injection at concentration of $3{\times}10^8CFU/ml$. Histopathological investigation of infected organs was also performed. There was a focal area of bundles of skeletal musculature showing hyalinization. In addition, hyperplasia, congestion, and fusion were noticed in the gill lamellae. There was also congestion in the blood vessels in the ocular chamber. Severe congestion was also noticed in the central vein of liver associated with focal aggregation of the melanin pigmented cells in the parenchyma. Degenerative changes were noticed in the epithelial cells lining of kidney tubules. Plant extracts carvacrol and its biological precursor cymene were found to be effective in treating experimentally infected Oreochromis niloticus at concentration of 100 or 200 ppm.