• Title/Summary/Keyword: Intra-pulse

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CR-DPCM for Lossless Intra Prediction Method in HEVC (CR-DPCM을 이용한 HEVC 무손실 인트라 예측 방법)

  • Hong, Sung-Wook;Lee, Yung-Lyul
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.307-315
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    • 2014
  • A new modified lossless intra-coding method based on a cross residual transform is applied to HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding). The HEVC standard including a multi-directional spatial prediction method to reduce spatial redundancy encodes the pixels in a PU (Prediction Unit) by using neighboring pixels. In the new modified lossless intra-coding method, the spatial prediction is performed by pixel-based DPCM but is implemented by block-based manner by using cross residual transform on the HEVC standard. The experimental results show that the new lossless intra-coding method reduces the bit rate of approximately 8.4% in comparison with the lossless-intra coding method in the HEVC standard and the proposed method results in slightly better compression ratio than the JPEG2000 lossless coding.

Intra-articular Fibroma of the Tendon Sheath in the Shoulder - A Case Report - (견관절에 발생한 관절내 건초 섬유종 - 증례 보고 -)

  • Cho, Su-Hyun;Lee, Choon-Key;Cho, Hyung-Lae;Hwang, Tae-Hyok;Park, Jong-Won
    • Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.276-279
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    • 2009
  • Fibroma of tendon sheath is an uncommon benign soft tissue tumor with a predilection for the hand or upper extremities with extremely rare intra-articular involvement. It is mostly comprised of slow-growing fibrous lobules made up of scattered fibroblasts in a dense stroma with slit-like vascular channels. An unique case in a 54-year-old male patient involving the glenohumeral joint arising from postersuperior joint capsule is reported. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) reveals a focal nodular mass with decreased signal intensity on all pulse sequences and pathology confirmation was made with arthroscopic excision. Intra-articular fibroma of tendon sheath should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intra-articular soft tissue masses during shoulder arthroscopy.

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OUTAGE PROBABILITY ANALYSIS OF OC-CDMA SYSTEM WITH IMPERFECT POWER CONTROL UNDER DIFFERENT VELOCITY USERS

  • Panya, Muangruen;Junnapiya, Somyot;Techotchawan, Amnouy;Kidakorn, Pongjai;Omsin, Somchai
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.08a
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    • pp.480-483
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    • 2004
  • This paper, we present the evaluation of outage probability on the SNR under the overlapped carrier allocation scheme in the reverse link with imperfect power control of a cellular CDMA system, which is base on using Gaussian approximation. In numerical results, the band limited pulse generated by square-root of raised consin pulse shaping filters (SRRC) of the transmitted signal is investigated and compared in conventional FD/CDMA and OC-CDMA of the outage probability. It will be also show that the outage probability can be improved by overlapping of carriers. We use error statistics to model the intra-cell interference and evaluate the impact of different mobiles velocity and number of resolvable paths on the system performance.

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A New Method for Unconstrained Pulse Arrival Time (PAT) Measurement on a Chair

  • Kim Ko-Keun;Chee Young-Joon;Lim Yong-Gyu;Choi Jin-Wook;Park Kwang-Suk
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 2006
  • A new method of measuring pulse arrival time (PAT), which is usually used for the estimation of systolic blood pressure, in an unconstrained manner using a chair, is proposed. The capacitive-coupled ECG (CC-ECG) measurement system and the air cushion with balancing tubes system were used for unconstrained PAT measurement. Firstly, the correlation between the standard PAT (S-PAT) from the photoplethysmography (PPG) and the PAT measured in an unconstrained manner (U-PAT) was evaluated. It was observed that U-PAT, which is the time delay from the R-peak of ECG to the steepest decent point of air cushion pressure wave, is significantly correlated with the S-PAT. Secondly, systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured by the radial tonometer is compared to the U-PAT. The ten-beat averaged U-PAT removed respiration effects and demonstrated a high intra-subject correlation with SBP in all participants. Finally, the tonometry SBP was estimated from these U-PAT values for one participant intermittently during half a day.

Effects of Modulation Type on Electrically-Elicited Tactile Sensation (전기자극 변조방식이 체성감각에 미치는 영향)

  • Hwang, Sun-Hee;Ara, Jawshan;Song, Tong-Jin;Bae, Tae-Sue;Park, Sang-Hyuk;Khang, Gon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.29 no.7
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    • pp.711-716
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate how the modulation method affects the effectiveness of eliciting tactile sensations by electrical stimulation. Two methods were employed and the results were compared and analyzed; pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and pulse width modulation (PWM). Thirty-five healthy subjects participated in the experiments to measure the stimulation intensity that began to elicit a tactile sensation - activation threshold (AT). Constant-current monophasic rectangular pulse trains were employed, and the stimulation intensity was varied from zero until the subject felt any uncomfortable sensation. The step size of the stimulation intensity was 100nC/pulse. After each experiment, the subject described the sensation both quantitatively and qualitatively. The two modulation methods did not make a significant difference as far as the AT values were concerned, but most of the subjects showed 'intra-individual' consistency. Also, it was confirmed that our range of the stimulation parameters enabled us to obtain three major tactile sensations; tickling, pressure and vibration. The results suggested that the stimulation parameters and the modulation type should be selected for each individual and that selective electrical stimulation of the mechanoreceptors needs more diversified researches on the electrode design, multi-channel stimulation protocol, waveforms of the pulse train, etc.

Adaptive Residual DPCM using Weighted Linear Combination of Adjacent Residues in Screen Content Video Coding (스크린 콘텐츠 비디오의 압축을 위한 인접 화소의 가중 합을 이용한 적응적 Residual DPCM 기법)

  • Kang, Je-Won
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.782-785
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, we propose a novel residual differential pulse-code modulation (RDPCM) coding technique to improve coding efficiency of screen content videos. The proposed method uses a weighted combination of adjacent residues to provide an accurate estimate in RDPCM. The weights are trained in previously coded samples by using an L1 optimization problem with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO). The proposed method achieves BD-rate saving about 3.1% in all-intra coding.

Diffusion and Disperision of Injected $CO_2$Gas Into the $N_2$Gas Flow ($N_2$기체의 흐름에 주입된 $CO_2$기체의 확산 및 분산)

  • 김유식;안대영
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2002
  • Diffusion and dispersion of injected $CO_2$gas into the $N_2$ gas flow are complex. In the packed column with porous particles the axial dispersion and the extra-particle mass transport as well as the intra-particle mass transport are involved. The pulse spreads by stationary diffusion during the period of arrested flow. Hence, the effect of axial dispersion, and of entrance and exit, as well as that of intraparticle convection should be eliminated during the period. The effective diffusivity was determined experimentally by using the gas chromatography, which is to arrest the gas flow during the period after injecting the pulse. This experiment method hasn't been used often in the field. Effective diffusivities are raised with temperature increasing, and it is quite satisfied com-pared to literature values. In this study, the calculated data of gaseous chemical for extinguish fires could be helpful to appreciate several physical phenomenons. Also, it could be expected that, the calculated data of this study might be very useful for development of excellent gaseous chemical for extinguish fires and improvement of its efficiency.

Demonstration of a Modular Electrostatic Precipitator to Control Particulate Emissions from a Small Municipal Waste Incinerator

  • Intra, Panich;Yawootti, Artit;Tippayawong, Nakorn
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.239-246
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    • 2014
  • Incineration is conceptually sound as a waste treatment technology. There is, however, concern over its emissions when it is improperly designed and operated. An electrostatic precipitator is one of the most commonly used devices to control particulate emissions from boilers, incinerators and some other industrial processes. In this work, a modular electrostatic precipitator with sizing of $1m{\times}1m{\times}1m$ was developed for removal of particulate matter from the exhaust gases of a small waste incinerator. Its design was based on a simple wire-and-plate concept. The corona discharge wires were connected to a positive high-voltage pulse generator, while the collection plates were grounded. The high-voltage pulse generator was used to produce the corona discharge field between the individual discharge wire and the collection plate. The particulate-laden exhaust gas flow was directed across the corona discharge field. The charged particles were deflected outward and collected on the plate. The collection efficiency was evaluated as a mass loading ratio between the difference at the inlet and the outlet to the particulate loading at the inlet of the precipitator. The collection efficiency of this modular electrostatic precipitator design was approximately 80 %.

Wavelength-Tunable, Passively Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Master-Oscillator Incorporating a Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror

  • Vazquez-Zuniga, Luis A.;Jeong, Yoonchan
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.117-129
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    • 2013
  • We briefly review the recent progress in passively mode-locked fiber lasers (PMLFLs) based on semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) and discuss the detailed characterization of a SESAM-based, passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser operating in the 1.5-${\mu}m$ spectral range for various configurations. A simple and compact design of the laser cavity enables the PMLFL to generate either femtosecond or wavelength-tunable picosecond pulses with high stability as the intra-cavity filtering method is altered. All the cavities investigated in our experiments present self-starting, continuous-wave mode-locking with no Q-switching instabilities. The excellent stability of the source eventually enables the wavelength-tunable PMLFL to be used as a master oscillator for a power-amplifier source based on a large-core EDF, generating picosecond pulses of >10-kW peak power and >100-nJ pulse energy.

The Analgesic Effect and the Mechanism of Electroacupuncture on Thermal Hyperalgesia in the Rat Model of Collagenase-induced Arthritis: Mediation by Adrenergic Receptors (Collagenase-induced Arthritis Rat Model에서 Thermal Hyperalgesia에 대한 전침(電鍼)의 진통효과(鎭痛效果) 및 기전연구: Adrenergic Mechanism에 대(對)한 연구(硏究))

  • Seo, Byung-Kwan;Park, Dong-Suk;Baek, Yong-Hyeon
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.57-67
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    • 2011
  • 목적 : Collagenase-induced osteoarthritis(OA) 동물 모델에서 전침의 adrenergic mechanism을 연구하고자 한다. 방법 : Collagenase-induced arthritis(CIA)를 유발하기 위하여 5주령의 male Sprague-Dawley rat의 뒷다리 좌측 무릎 관절에 0.05ml의 4mg/ml collagenase solution을 intra-articular 주입하고, 다시 4일 후에 같은 부위에 같은 농도의 collagenase solution을 intra-articular boosting injection 시행한 뒤, gross, histopathological features 및 biomarker activity 변화를 관찰하였다. 예비실험을 통하여 CIA rat model에서 진통효과를 발휘하는 것으로 확인한, 족삼리(足三里) ($ST_{36}$)에 대한 저빈도 train pulse EA stimulation (2Hz, 0.07 mA, 0.3ms)을 침치료 방법으로 적용하였다. 전침의 진통기전을 확인하기 위하여, ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic antagonist (prazosin, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor antagonist (yohimbine, 2mg/kg, i.p.), ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic receptor agonist(phenylephrine, 2mg/kg, i.p.), ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor agonist(clonidine, $40{\mu}g$/kg, i.p.)을 전침시행 20분 전에 복강 내로 전처치하였다. Tail flick unit(Ugo Basile Model 7360)을 이용하여 열자극에 대한 통증역치를 측정하였다. 결과 : 퇴행성관절염 징후(gross, histopathological features)와 통증역치의 변화가 최대값을 나타내는 CIA 유발 4주차에 저빈도 전침자극(train pulse, 2Hz, 0.07mA, 0.3ms)을 족삼리($ST_{36}$)에 적용하였으며, 족삼리 전침의 진통효과는 ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor antagonist(yohimbine, 2mg/kg, i.p.)전처치에 의해 억제되었으나, ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic antagonist(prazosin, 1 mg/kg, i.p.)전처치에는 억제되지 않았다. 또 ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor agonist(clonidine, $40{\mu}g$/kg, i.p.)의 전처치를 통하여 유의한 synergistic analgesic effect가 관찰되었으나, ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic receptor agonist(phenylephrine, 2mg/kg, i.p.)의 전처치는 전침의 진통효과에 synergistic effect를 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 저빈도 족삼리 전침은 CIA로 유발된 염증성 통증에 대하여 진통효과를 발휘하며, 이는 ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor에 의하여 매개되는 것으로 보이며 ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic receptor는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 사료된다.