• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of bee venom pharmacopuncture (BVP) therapy according to the methods used to treat knee osteoarthritis (OA): intra-acupoint combined with intra-articular injection, intra-acupoint injection, and intra-articular injection. Methods: A total of 69 patients were recruited by the Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion at Dong-Eui Oriental University Hospital from February 1 to July 23, 2012. The patients were assigned to 3 groups: the first group with intra-acupoint combined with intra-articular BVP Injection (the experimental group), the 2nd group with intra-acupoint BVP injection (control group II), and the 3rd group with intra-articular BVP injection (control group II). The participants were assigned in the order in which they were recruited. Treatments were done twice a week, for a total of 9 times. The effectiveness was assessed by using the visual analouge scale (VAS) and the Korea Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (KWOMAC). Results: All three groups exhibited significant VAS and KWOMAC effects. Moreover, the 4 week follow-up after the final treatment showed a persistence of BVP effects. However, when the groups were compared, no statistically significant differences in VAS and KWOMAC were noted, but when improvement was considered, the results showed that intra-articular injection was more effective than intra-acupoint injection. Especially, intra-acupoint combined with intra-articular injection was the most effective among the three treatments. Conclusions: Combining intra-acupoint with intra-articular injection, depending on the patient's symptoms, may produce better results when conservatively treating knee OA.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.219-230
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• 2010

According to previous reports, intra-articular bee venom injection is very effective for synovitis, intra-articular lesions. In this article, we report 4 cases of well-treated meniscal tear with intra-articular bee venom injection. We used intra-articular bee venom injection on meniscal tear diagnosed by MR imaging and prescribed herbal medication, physiotherapy if necessary. Outcomes were measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale. Patients who are treated by intra-articular bee venom injection had a significant effect on the pain reduction, improved range of motion and knee function. Further well-designed, controlled studies and more cases are needed to define the effect of intra-articular bee venom injection on knee.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-180
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• 2005

Objectives : We got a good effect in two patients not by subcutaneous but by subcutaneous but by intra-articular bee venom injection treatments at traumatic arthritis of elbow joint, so report it. Methods : We used only intra-articular bee venom injection treatments at acute traumatic arthritis of elbow joint. After measured the VAS(visual analogue) and ROM(range of motion) of elbow joint, we bee venom injection effect. Results and Conclusions : The symptoms(swelling, pain) and the functions of elbow joint were quickly improved through intra-articular bee venom injection treatments. One case was improved that Rt. elbow joint flexion was increased from $60^{\circ}$ to $150^{\circ}$, extension was increased from $20^{\circ}$ to $0^{\circ}$. The other case was improved that Lt. elbow joint flexion was increased from $90^{\circ}$ to $150^{\circ}$, extension was increased from $30^{\circ}$ to $0^{\circ}$, and both were decreased in VAS. The results suggest that bee venom intra-articular injection has acute pain reduction, anti-inflammation effect.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.453-457
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the effect of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid for the treatment of internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ). Sixteen patients with internal derangements of TMJ in 1 male and 15 females aged 68 to 18 years comprised the study material. The patients' complaint was limited mouth opening and pain during function. Patients were divided into 3 groups(articular disc displacement with reduction, articular disc displacement without reduction, osteoarthritis group). The preauricular area was disinfected anesthetized locally with 2% lidocaine hydrochloride. Arthrocentesis was performed. Hyaluronic acid(1.5 ㏄) was then injected into the superior compartment of the TMJ. Active range of motion exercises were instituted at approximately 24 hours postoperatively. Antibiotics and NSAID, three times daily by mouth, was prescribed for 3 days. Clinical evaluation of the patients was done before the procedure, immediately after the procedure, final follow-up visit postoperatively. Pain during function was assessed using visual analog scales(VAS). Maximal mouth opening was recorded as a distance between upper incisal edge and lower incisal edge. Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid caused significant reduction of pain during function, significant increase of maximal opening range. These findings suggest that intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid is useful for decreasing patient reports of pain while increasing functional mobility of the mandible in internal derangements of the TMJ.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.222-232
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• 2019

Injection therapy can be used to treat the refractory and chronic pain situations that are not well responded to conventional therapy in TMD-patients. The target of injection is the intra-articular- and peri-articular tissue of joint and adjacent tissue like muscle. For the success of injectional therapy, selection of injection solution and technique is essential, so discussion will be done about that and one of the promising techniques of intra-articular injection, US-guided TMJ Intrar-articular injection, is also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2011

Purpose: This study evaluated the efficacy of an intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of early stage osteoarthritis of the ankle. Materials and Methods: Early stage ankle osteoarthritis (Takakura stage I and II) patients who received hyaluronic acid injection therapy were retrospectively reviewed. Patients underwent intra-articular injections of 2 mL of sodium hyaluronate for 3 consecutive weeks. Clinical evaluation and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scoring were performed at every three months after treatment. Results: Total 27 patients were involved and mean age was 55 year old (range 33 to 77 years). There were 13 male and 14 female patients. Mean follow up duration was 13 month and. Pre-intra-articular VAS score was $8.9{\pm}0.7$ and three month follow up score was $3.8{\pm}2.8$. VAS score of last follow up was $3.2{\pm}3.4$. The effect of hyaluronic acid continued about one year when analyzed the VAS score change of the patients followed for more than one year. Patients' satisfaction was "very satisfied" in nine, "satisfied" in 12, "fair" in one, and "not satisfied" in five patients. Overall satisfaction rate was 82%. There were no ankle osteoarthritis stage changes in serial follow up radiograph. Conclusion: Symptomatic relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the ankle was achieved by injection of an intra-articular hyaluronate injection. Efficacy of Hyaluronate acid injection persisted more than 1 year in our study. Intra-articular hyaluronate injection to ankle osteoarthritis is safe and effective as knee joint and should be considered as a valid conservative treatment for ankle osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.105-114
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• 2021

Intra-articular injection of ELHLD peptide is considered to have a therapeutic effect in osteoarthritis (OA) through the inhibition of transforming growth factor-β1. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of intra-articular injections of high-dose ELHLD peptide (100 ㎍/kg) in canine stifle OA. Six client-owned dogs diagnosed with stifle OA were included. Selected dogs were treated with an intra-articular injection of high-dose ELHLD peptide (100 ㎍/kg). Outcome measures, including orthopedic examination, gait analysis, and Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) score, were evaluated four times after injection. Orthopedic examination, gait analysis, and owner's assessment (CBPI) improved significantly from 4 weeks after injection. In conclusion, we obtained sufficient evidence from this small sample that high-dose ELHLD peptide improves clinical signs of canine OA not only through subjective assessment but also through objective evaluation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2005

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of intra-articular injection of interleukin-1${\beta}$ (IL-1${\beta}$) on the formalin-induced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. Under anesthesia, a 30-gauge needle was introduced into the right TMJ region for injection of formalin. Microinjection of 50 ${\mu}l$ of 5% formalin significantly produced noxious scratching behavioral response, and the scratching behavior lasted for 40 min. Although the responses produced by formalin injection were divided into two phases, the response of 1st phase did not significantly differ from the scratching behavior response in the saline-treated group. We examined the effects of intra-articular injection of IL-1${\beta}$ on the number of noxious behavioral responses produced by 50${\mu}l$ of 5% formalin injection. Intra-articular injection of 100 pg and 1 ng of IL-1${\beta}$ significantly increased the number of behavioral responses of the 2nd phase, while 10 pg of IL-1${\beta}$ did not change the formalin-induced behavioral responses. To investigate whether IL-1 receptor was involved in the intra-articular administration of IL-1${\beta}$-induced hyperalgesic response, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL- ra, 50 ng) was administrated together with IL-1${\beta}$ injection. IL-1${\beta}$ receptor antagonist blocked IL-1${\beta}$- induced hyperalgesic response in the TMJ formalin test. These results suggest that intra-articular injection of IL-1${\beta}$ facilitated the transmission of nociceptive information in the TMJ area.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2022

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the appropriate indications for intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid in ankle osteoarthritis, its efficacy at each stage of osteoarthritis and to compare the efficacy related differences at each stage. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2016 to September 2019 on 43 patients (50 cases) diagnosed with ankle arthritis and given intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid. Patients were classified according to the modified Takakura ankle osteoarthritis stages. Stage 2 comprised 24 cases; stage 3A, 15 cases; stage 3B, 8 cases; and stage 4, 3 cases. The clinical evaluation was carried out using the visual analogue scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). The patients' satisfaction with the injection was evaluated at 1 year after injection. A radiographic evaluation was performed to gauge the progression of osteoarthritis before and after the injection. Results: The VAS, AOFAS score, and FAOS at 3 months and 1 year after injection showed statistically significant improvements compared to those before the injection. There was a significant difference in the VAS for each stage over time; however, this was not the case with the AOFAS score and the FAOS. A significant improvement of the VAS after injection was seen only in stage 3A when compared with the other stages. The overall satisfaction rate with the injection was 90%. There were no ankle osteoarthritic stage changes in the serial follow-up radiograph. Conclusion: Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid resulted in a significant clinical improvement up to 1 year after the injection. Therefore, the intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid could be a treatment option for ankle osteoarthritis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.214-217
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• 2001

Background: Intra-articular injection is a commonly performed procedure in patients with degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee. Several drugs are used for relief of pain in such cases. Local anesthetics, clonidine and steroids have been confirmed to be effective when used in an intra-articular injection. Ketorolac has recently become one of the most commonly used and potent NSAIDs. There have been many studies about the effect of ketorolac. Methods: Sixty-four patients were divided into 2 groups. In Group I (n = 31), 0.5% bupivacaine 3 ml and sodium hyaluronate 20 mg were used and in Group II (n = 33), 0.5% bupivacaine 3 ml, sodium hyaluronate 20 mg and ketorolac 5 mg were used. We observed the pain relief scale (PRS) at 15 minutes, 1 week and 1-3 months after injection. Results: After 15 minutes, PRS scores were $6.6{\pm}2.7$ (Group I) and $5.1{\pm}3.1$ (Group II), so there was a statistical difference between the two groups. After 1 week, the PRS scores were $5.9{\pm}2.0$ (Group I) and $5.8{\pm}2.4$ (Group II). At 1-3 months later, PRS scores were $5.6{\pm}3.0$ (Group I) and $5.1{\pm}2.7$ (Group II). Thus, there were no significant statistical differences between the two groups at 1 week or 1-3 months later, although some patients were more satisfied with pain relief in Group II at 1-3 months. Conclusions: Ketorolac provides more rapid pain relief of degenerative arthritis when used in intra-articular injection. And there was no statistical difference of effect after 1 week or 1-3 months later. Further studies are required on the effect of the intra-articular use of ketorolac.