• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.105-105
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• 2019

Much of bacteria inhabit intestine and affect health. To elucidate the composition of intestinal bacteria and biological activities of plant materials on the bacteria, bacterial strains are need to be isolated and identified. In previous study, we isolated 41 fecal bacteria of BALB/c mice and the strains were identified as 11 species including Lactobacillus murinus and not classified bacterium. To expand the bacterial resources, we tried to isolate more bacteria from C57BL/6 mice. Fresh feces was suspended and serially diluted in distilled water. The aliquots were inoculated on GAM agar plate and incubated anaerobically at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. Each of colony formed was picked up and incubated again on GAM agar plate for stock and sampling. The bacteria gained were analyzed and identified by 16S rRNA gene. The bacterial strain were listed up. Major strain was Lactobacillus murinus which was observed as an abundant strain of BALB/c mice. The resources could be used for experiments of biological activities of plant materials and microbial composition of intestinal contents of experimental animals.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1988

These studies were taken experimentally to clarify the clinical and histopathological findings of listeriosis in Korean native goat(KNC). Four KNGs of 4 to 5 months of age were inoculated orally or in-travenously (IV) with Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a field case of KNG. 1. On the clinical findings, depression, anorexia and fever were observed in all inoculated goats, and nasal discharge, keratoconjunctivitis and diarrhea in 3 of 4 goats. Highest rectal temperature after in-oculation was 2.5$^{\circ}C$ higher in IV inoculated goats and 1.9$^{\circ}C$ higher in orally inoculated than normal rectal temperature observed before inoculation. Durations of clinical course after inoculation in IV and orally inoculated goats were 5 days and 8 days, respectively. 2. On the gross lesions, swelling of the lymph nodes, hemorrhage and .inflammation of the small intestine and rigor mortis were observed in 4 of 4 goats, and keratoconjunctivitis, hemorrhage and inflammation of the large intestine, swelling of the spleen, pneumonia and hydropericardium in 3 of 4 goats. Congestion of the visceral organs and ecchymosis of the sin in a fetus were observed. Keratoconjunctivitis, hemorrhage of the abomasum, swelling of the lymph node, hemorrhage and inflammation of the small intestine, swelling of the spleen, necrosis of the liver and pneumonia were observed as severe lesions. These lesions were more severe in IV inoculated goats than those in orally inoculated goats. 3. On histopathological findings, focal necrosis found throughout the livers occurred mainly on peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. These necrotic foci consisted of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, short rod bacteria and necretic hepatic cells. Suppurative pneumonia of the lung, hyperemia, congestion, epithelial necrosis and sloughing of the small and large intestine, swelling in periventricular regions of the central nervous system, swelling of the kidney, spleen and lymph node were observed as listerial lesions.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.547-552
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• 1999

저자 등이 건강한 한국사람으로부터 장내유해효소를 억제할 수 있은 장내환경개선효과가 우수한 한국형 유산균을 분리하여 소장수송능 효과, castor oil을 이용한 설사모델 동물에서 지사효과 및 항돌연변이 효과를 측정한 결과 소장의 수송능에는 아무런 영향을 미치지 못했으나 대장의 소송능은 현저한 수송능 촉진효과를 나타냈으며 특히 Bifidobacterium breve K-110의 균주가 우수하였다. Castor oil로 유도된 설사에 대한 지사 효과는 대부분의 균주에서 억제효과가 인정되지 않았으나, K-111의 균주는 유의한 지사효과를 나타냈다. 아울러 유산균은 항돌연변이 효과는 Bifidobacterium breve K-100 균주가 가장 우수한 효과를 나타내었으며 이러한 효과는 유산균의 세포벽 성분이 peptidoglycan에 의한 효과였다. 이러한 결과들로 볼 때 한국형유산균은 장내세균이 생산하는 유해효소의 생산성을 억제하는 것외에도 설사와 변비를 개선할 수 있으며 발암물질에 의한 항돌연변이 효과을 통해서 장내환경개선 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.716-723
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to improve the quality characteristics of pork intestine through different pretreatment processes. Methods: We washed pork intestine by both physical (tap water, UV, and sonication) and chemical methods (alcohol, acetic acid, flour and NaCl) as pretreatment process. The physicochemical (pH, color, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and microbial properties of pre-treated pork small intestine were evaluated. Results: The nature of the pretreatment method influenced the pH value of pork small intestine. The acetic acid treatment resulted in the lowest pH value. In physical method, the color value and the number of microorganism were significantly affected by sonication as compared to other treatments. TBARS value of pork small intestine after all the treatments was lower than the control. However, VBN exhibited no significant differences in its value irrespective of the nature of treatment. Appearance and control exhibited lowest value in response to sonication treatment. However, off-flavor and overall acceptability were higher in sonication treatment than other treatments. In chemical method involving NaCl and flour treatments, lightness and redness were lower than other treatments. Lowest VBN and TBARS values were noted in alcohol and acetic acid treatmentsand no growth of E. coli and coliform bacteria was observed. The other treatments resulted in lower values of VBN, TBARS, and microbial counts than the control. Appearance and color value after alcohol, acetic acid, and flour treatment were lower than the control and NaCl treatment. Off-flavor and overall acceptability of by-product after alcohol, flour, and NaCl treatments were higher than the control and acetic acid treatment. Conclusion: Overall, we present NaCl treatment and sonication treatment in the form of a combination pretreatment method as the optimal condition for processing pork intestine.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1253-1260
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• 2018

Pig small intestine not only is used as food but also for sausage casings production in many countries worldwide. However, it is well recognized that the small intestine is important source of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of different washing and packaging methods on the changes of microbial levels and physicochemical characteristics of pig small intestine. After collecting and trimming off of visible fats, the pig small intestine samples were treated with; (i) different packaging methods: aerobic packaging (AP), skin packaging (SP), and vacuum packaging (VP); and (ii) washing with different concentrations of acetic acid. The treated samples were then stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 1, 4, 7, and 10 d. At 1-d storage, higher pH value was found in the AP-treated samples, however, after 7 to 10 days the samples treated with SP had higher values compared to the ones treated with AP and VP (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values were higher in the AP-treated samples than those of the SP- and VP- treated samples at 7-d storage (p<0.05). At $10^{th}$ d, total plate counts (TPC) were higher in the control than in the acetic acid-washed samples (p<0.05). Additionally, the TPC was lower in the SP- and VP-treated samples than the AP-treated samples at 7-d storage (p<0.05). These obtained results suggest that the applications of washing with acetic acid solution and/or SP and VP methods could be an effective way to extend the shelf-life of pig small intestine during cold distribution.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.86-86
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• 2002

Glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid saponin fraction of licorice, is reported to have anti-viral and anti-tumor activities and is metabolized to 18$\beta$-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in the intestine by intestinal bacteria. However, the mechanism underlying its effects is poorly understood.(omitted)

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.178-181
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• 2001

Four dead wild racoons found in Chonnam province were examined parasitologically, pathologically and bacteriologically. Using standard flotation technique with feces many number of ancylostoma eggs which were oval in shape and $60-70{\times}35-45 {\mu}m$ in size were detected. Grossly, severe anemia, multiple congestion and consolidation of lung and catarrhal exudate in small intestine were observed. One of racoons had multifocal white to yellow nodules in the liver. Histopathologically, ancylostoma larvas were found in intestinal lumen. Some of them penetrated and attached to intestinal mucosa. Lungs revealed multiple severe fibrinopurulent pneumonia in which bacterial colonies were scattered. Liver had multiple microabscesses containing peripheral bacterial colony. By Gram stain using paraffin sections of liver and lung, bacterial colony was Gram negative. Isolated bacteria from lung and liver was Gram negative rod. This bacteria was identical with Escherichia coli by biochemical tests. From these results, ancylostomiasis caused severe problems in Korean wild racoons. This is the first report about ancylostomiasis in wild racoons in Korea.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2001

We have examined if lactic acid bacteria could suppress the toxic effect of bisphenol A. Lactobacillus casei YA-70 was chosen as representative. Thirty rats were divided into two groups (immature and mature) according to the weight. Each group was divided again into the control group (only alcohol treatment), bisphenol A treated group, and bisphenol A plus Lactobacillus casei YA-70 treated group. When 500 ppm of bisphenol A was fed everyday, 83% of immature group and 50% of mature group died within 3 weeks. Their internal organs, mainly livers and lungs, were changed in color and severely damaged. In the intestine of 5 ppm-fed group tumor-like nodules were observed. However, their number and size were markedly decreased when Lactobacillus casei YA-70 was supplemented in diet. This study strongly indicates that Lactobacillus casei YA-70 might play an important role to suppress the toxic effect of endocrine disruptor.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2019

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) develop through the continuous interaction with intestinal antigens such as commensal microbiome and diet. However, their respective roles and mutual interactions in the development of IELs are largely unknown. Here, we showed that dietary antigens regulate the development of the majority of $CD8{\alpha}{\beta}$ IELs in the small intestine and the absence of commensal microbiota particularly during the weaning period, delay the development of IELs. When we tested specific dietary components, such as wheat or combined corn, soybean and yeast, they were dependent on commensal bacteria for the timely development of diet-induced $CD8{\alpha}{\beta}$ IELs. In addition, supplementation of intestinal antigens later in life was inefficient for the full induction of $CD8{\alpha}{\beta}$ IELs. Overall, our findings suggest that early exposure to commensal bacteria is important for the proper development of dietary antigen-dependent immune repertoire in the gut.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1999

Intestinal bacteria comprise one-third of the contents of the large intestine in humans. Their interactions with the gastrointestinal immune system induce characteristic immunological responses which stimulate or suppress the host's defense system. RAW 264.7 murine cell line was used as a macrophage model to assess the effects of the exposure to the isolated human intestinal bacteria, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Streptococcus, and E. coli, on NO (nitric oxide), $H_2O_2$(hydrogen peroxide), and cytokines IL (interleukin)-6 and TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-a production. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in the presence of heat-killed bacteria for 24 h at concentrations of 0-$50\mu$g/ml. Our results showed that Bacteroides and E. coli stimulated IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, NO, and $H_2O_2$production at high levels even at $1\mu$g/ml, whereas Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, and Streptococcus showed a low level of stimulation at $1\mu$g/ml, and a gradual increase as the cell concentration increased up to $50\mu$g/ml. This result suggests that gram-negative Bacteroides and E. coli are better able to stimulate macrophage than gram-positive Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Eubacterium. The in vitro approaches employed here should be useful in further characterization of the effects of intestinal bacteria on gastrointestinal and systemic immunity.