• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2004

The growth characteristics and the properties of the Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) isolated from intestine of slaughting pig were examined in order to confirm whether it will be used practically as probiotics or not. E. faecium was identified by morphological and biochemical tests including of final confirming by API strep kit. Among 264 samples, 44 isolates (16.7%) of E. faecium were observed as an exellent growth as a range of $1{\times}10^7CFU/ml{\sim}3.3{\times}10^9CFU/ml$ in viable bacterial count on MRI medium. All isolates were shown non-haemolysis on the blood agar exception of 28 isolates shown ${\alpha}$-haemolysis and were identified as E. faecium by biochemical test using API strep enzyme kits. Eight strains (18.2%) were finally selected from which they were excellent sensitivity in showing of the acid-tolerance and the bile-tolerance in compare with reference strain.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2009

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diabetic complications and small intestine is vulnerable to damage resulting in morphological and functional changes. In this study, the effects of Asystasia gangetica leaf extract (AGLE) on oxidative stress status in small intestine of diabetic rats were examined. The leaves of Asystasia gangetica was extracted with 70% ethanol. Oral administration of AGLE once daily (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days to diabetic rats significantly (P < 0.05) increased antioxidant levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, GSSH, carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The increased levels of protein carbonyl content, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase in diabetic rats were reverted back to near normal levels on treatment with AGLE. Both doses of AGLE offered significant activity (P < 0.01) against oxidative damage and were comparable with standard, glibenclamide. The results revealed the occurrence of oxidative stress in small intestine during diabetes and suggest the potential of AGLE as an antioxidant in protecting the tissue defense system against oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.226.3-227
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• 2003

Lactic acid bacteria have been considered as the most beneficial probiotic organisms contributing to inhibition of harmful and putrefactive intestinal bacteria. Among them, Bifidobacterium spp. has been considered as one of the most beneficial probiotic organism that can improve the health of humans, since it is one of the major bacteria flora in human intestine. However, the harmful enzyme-inhibitory activity of lactic acid bacteria of Kimchi, which is a representative Korean fermented food has not been evaluated. (omitted)

• 약학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 1959

The enzymatic activity of proteinase which was isolated from a shell fish, Veneridae Soxidomus purpuratus Sowerby(Korean name "Gai-jo-gai") was studied, and the obtained results were as follows; (1) The optimum pH of the enzyme was around 7.5 (2) The prohibiting activity of metalic ions for the enzymatic activity was the order of 1/1000M-$Ag^{+}$>1/1000M-$Zn^{++}$>1/1000M-$Cd^{++}$>1/1000M-$Pb^{++}$. (3) Of 3 specimens of the enzyme from heptapancreas, gastro-intestine and crystalline style the highest activity was shown by one from crystalline style.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2008

To understand the activity of non-specific defence factors in cultured Sebastes, the antibacterial effect of the serum, skin mucus and homogenate of various organs from cultured oblong rockfish (Sebastes oblongus) and rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) against pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, and Streptococcus sp. was compared with that of flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus) and seabass(Leteolabrax japonicus). And the activities of proteolytic enzyme, chitinolytic enzyme and haemolycin as non-specific defence factor were investigated on the oblong rockfish and rockfish. Samples from oblong rockfish showed the highest antibacterial activity by lysoplate assay on agar plate mixed with pathogens, followed in descending order by rockfish, seabass, and flounder. Turbidimetric assay was carried to evaluate the lysozyme activity of fish samples against lyophilized cells of Micrococcus lysodeiktikus. The serum, kidney, liver, stomach, intestine and eyeball of oblong rockfish and the mucus and gill of rockfish appeared to have the highest lysozyme activity among the fish strains investigated. All samples except skin mucus, liver, and eyeball of oblong rockfish and rockfish showed proteolytic enzyme activity. Chitinolytic enzyme activity was showed in random sampling and haemolytic activity was remarkable in oblong rockfish. Therefore, Sebastes strain was proved to have effective defense mechanisms based on the antibacterial activities, and lysozyme, proteolytic enzyme, chitinolytic enzyme, and haemolycin were considered to act as the non-specific defence factor of Sebastes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2006

Many gastrointestinal muscles show electrical oscillation, so-called 'slow wave', originated from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). Thus, a technique to freshly isolate the cells is indispensable to explore the electrophysiological properties of the ICCs. To apply an enzyme solution on the serosal surface for cell isolation, the intestine was inverted and 0.02% trypsin solution and 0.04% collagenase solution were applied to serosal cavity. After the enzyme treatment, mucosal layer was removed and longitudinal muscle layer was gently separated from the rest of tissue. The thin layer was stretched in the recording chamber and mounted on an inverted microscope. Using ${\beta}-escine$, perforated whole cell patch clamp technique was used. Under a microscope, the tissue showed smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells around the myenteric plexus. Under voltage clamp condition, three types of membrane potential were recorded. One group of interstitial cells, which were positive to methylene blue and CD34, showed spontaneous outward current. These cells had bipolar shape and were considered as fibroblast-like cells because of their peculiar shape and arrangement. Another group, positive to c-kit and methylene blue, showed spontaneous inward current. These cells had more rounded shape and processes and were considered as ICCs. The third, positive to c-kit and had granules containing methylene blue, showed quiet membrane potentials under the voltage-clamp mode. These cells appeared to be resident macrophages. Therefore, in the freshly isolated thin tissue preparation, methylene blue could easily identify three types of cells rather than morphological properties. Using this method, we were able to study electrical properties of fibroblast and residential macrophage as well as myenteric ICCs.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.84-87
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• 2008

유전자 변형 작물은 생산성 측면에서 많은 장점이 있지만 이를 섭취할 경우 잠재적인 위험 요소들에 의해 많은 문제가 대두대고 있다. 본 연구는 저항성유전자를 이입한 배추에서 Profillin, Tubulin-${\alpha}$ (Tub-${\alpha}1$), Heat-shock protein (Bchsp 17.6) and Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (UBE)의 발현과 이를 30일간 섭취한 마우스에서 ${\beta}$-actin(${\beta}$-act), ${\beta}$-2-microglobulin (B2m), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (Gus)의 발현 정도를 RT-PCR을 통해 알아보았다. 실험 결과 저항성유전자를 이입한 배추와 그렇지 않은 배추의 유전자 발현 패턴은 큰 차이를 보이지 앓았으며, 이를 섭취한 마우스 장기에서도 발현에 따른 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1673-1679
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• 2003

Two hundred forty 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of Cu (II)-exchanged montmorillonite (CEM) or montmorillonite on the growth performance, intestinal microflora, bacterial enzyme activities and morphology of broilers. The chicks were assigned randomly into three groups with 80 chicks per treatment. The three dietary treatments were basal diet only (control group), basal diet +1 g $kg^{-1}$ montmorillonite, and basal diet +1 g $kg^{-1}$ CEM. The results showed that the addition of CEM to the diet increased significantly the body weight and feed efficiency, but a similarly significant increase was not found in broilers fed the diet containing montmorillonite. Supplementing the CEM in the diet of broilers also decreased the numbers of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli in the small intestine and cecum. The addition of either CEM or montmorillonite to the diet depressed the activities of $\beta$-glucosidase and $\beta$-glucuronidase in the small intestinal and cecal contents. Data of villus height and crypt depth for duodenum, jejunum and ileum indicated that dietary addition of CEM or montmorillonite improved the small intestinal mucosal morphology.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.277-281
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• 1998

There is extensive evidence suggesting the protective role of fruits and vegetables against chemically induced carcinogenesis. We have tested the ability of a representative range of Korean vegetables to act as blocking agents against neoplastic initiation by determining the induction level of quinone reductase , an anticarcinogenci marker enzyme, in hepalclc 7 cells exposed to vegetable extracts. Among thirty vegetables tested, Arcitum lappa(Burdock), Brassica juncea (Mustard leaf), Pteridium aguilinum (Bracken) and Chrysanthemum cornoratium(Crown daisy) caused a significant induction of quinone teductase activity with a limited increase in arylhdrocarbon hydroxylase activity. Combination of crown daisy with burdock had synergistic effect on quinone reductase induction. Quinone reductase-inducing activity was found mostly in hesane and ehtylactate fractions of MeOH extract of crown daisy while it ws not quinone reductase activity in liver, kideny, lung, and small intestine, confirming the presence of potent QR inducer (s) in crown daisy. These sata suggest that some vegetables including crown daisy induced QR merits further investigation as a potential cancer preventive agent in human.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2009

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the phenylalanine catabolic enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). The use of phenylalanine ammonia-lase (PAL) by oral and parenteral routes as a therapeutic drug for PKU has been severely limited due to inactivation by intestinal proteolysis and immune reactions. PEGylation was applied to PAL to reduce the degrees of antigenicity and proteolytic inactivation. Kinetic experiments with native PAL and pegylated PALs were performed, and pH stability, temperature stability, and protease susceptibility were evaluated. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to measure the immune complex between pegylated PALs and antiserum that had been extracted from a PAL-immunized mouse. Pegylated PAL, especially branched pegylated PAL (10 kDa, 1:32), was more active for phenylalanine and more stable in pancreatic proteases than native PAL. Native PAL was optimal at pH 8.5, corresponding to the average pH range of the small intestine; the same finding was noted for pegylated PALs. All linear and branched pegylated PALs had low reactivity with mouse antiserum, especially the 1:16 formulation with linear 5-kDa PEG and the 1:32 formulation with branched 10-kDa PEG. Therefore, we suggest the 1:32 formulation with branched 10-kDa PEG as the most promising formulation for enzyme replacement therapy.