• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2013

Background: The age-adjusted incidence rate of prostate cancer (PCa) has been reported to be lower among Asians than Western populations. A traditional Japanese meal, high in soybean products or isoflavones, may be associated with a decreased risk of PCa. Equol, which is converted from daidzein by human intestinal flora, is biologically more active than any other isoflavone aglycone. Materials and Methods: We reviewed not only recent epidemiological studies on association of isoflavones with PCa risk, but also recent research on human intestinal bacteria responsible for converting daidzein into equol. Studies were systematically searched from the database published within the last 5 years of from 2008-2012. Results: Five out of 6 articles showed significant association of isoflavones with a decreased risk of PCa, and two of them consistently showed that equol-producers carry a significantly reduced risk of PCa. Furthermore, 5 human intestinal bacteria that can convert daidzein into equol were identified in the last 5 years. Conclusions: If equol can reduce risk of PCa, a possible strategy for reducing the risk of PCa may be to increase the proportion of equol-producers by changing the intestinal flora to carrying an equol-producing bacterium with dietary alteration or probiotic technology.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1261-1272
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• 2018

The effects of Queso Blanco cheese containing Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 was studied on the intestinal microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in healthy companion dogs. There were three experimental groups with five healthy dogs each: a control group, not fed with any cheese, and groups fed with Queso Blanco cheese with (QCB) or without B. longum KACC 91563 (QC) for 8 weeks. Fecal samples were collected 5 times before, during, and after feeding with cheese. Intestinal microbiota was analyzed using two non-selective agar plates (BL and TS) and five selective agar plates (BS, NN, LBS, TATAC, and MacConkey). SPME-GC-MS method was applied to confirm SCFAs and indole in dog feces. The six intestinal metabolites such as acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, isovaleric acid and indole were identified in dog feces. Administration of B. longum KACC 91563 (QCB) for 8 weeks significantly increased the beneficial intestinal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium ($8.4{\pm}0.55$) and reduced harmful bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium (p<0.05). SCFA such as acetic and propionic acid were significantly higher in the QCB group than in the Control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that administration of Queso Blanco cheese containing B. longum KACC 91563 had positive effects on intestinal microbiota and metabolites in companion dogs. These results suggest that Queso Blanco cheese containing B. longum KACC 91563 could be used as a functional food for companion animals and humans.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.592-600
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• 2021

Probiotics can be processed into a powder, tablet, or capsule form for easy intake. They are exposed to frequent stresses not only during complex processing steps, but also in the human body after intake. For this reason, various coating agents that promote probiotic bacterial stability in the intestinal environment have been developed. Silk fibroin (SF) is a material used in a variety of fields from drug delivery systems to enzyme immobilization and has potential as a coating agent for probiotics. In this study, we investigated this potential by coating probiotic strains with 0.1% or 1% water-soluble calcium (WSC), 1% SF, and 10% trehalose. Under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, cell viability, cell surface hydrophobicity, and cell adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells were then measured. The survival ratio after freeze-drying was highest upon addition of 0.1% WSC. The probiotic bacteria coated with SF showed improved survival by more than 10.0% under simulated gastric conditions and 4.8% under simulated intestinal conditions. Moreover, the cell adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells was elevated by 1.0-36.0%. Our results indicate that SF has positive effects on enhancing the survival and adhesion capacity of bacterial strains under environmental stresses, thus demonstrating its potential as a suitable coating agent to stabilize probiotics throughout processing, packaging, storage and consumption.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.358-361
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• 2008

미나리(Oenanthe stolonifera) 발효액이 장내 병원성 미생물과 유익균의 생육, 그리고 장내 세균효소에 미치는 영향을 in vitro 에서 조사하였다. 고상 배지 (Agar plate) 에서의 clear zone 형성에 의한 생육저해를 측정한 결과, Vibro, Salmonella 등의 유해 미생물에 대해서 강한 생육저해 효과를 보였으며 Bifidobacterium longum 에 대해서는 생육저해 효과가 크지 않았다. 액체배지에서의 최소저해농도(MIC) 측정에서도 고장배지에서와 같은 경향을 보여 상대적으로 B. longum 에 대한 생육저해가 가장 적었다. 발효 기간에 따른 영향을 보면 발효 기간이 길수록 적은 양으로도 유해한 균들의 생육을 잘 저해할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 장내 세균 효소인 ${\beta}$-glucuronidase와 tryptophanase의 활성에 대해 미나리 발효액은 발효하지 않은 액에 비해 저해효과가 컸으며 발효기간이 길수록 저해효과도 증가하였다. 이상의 실험 결과로서 미나리 발효액은 유해세균에 대한 생육저해능이 크고 상대적으로 유익균인 B. longum에 대한 저해는 적어, 음용 시 정장 효과가 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2012

For human including newborn baby, the intestinal microbiota can play an important role in the development of the intestinal mucosa and in maintaining the balance of the immune cells. Important functions of the intestinal microbiota include the inhibition of the colonization of the intestine by potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, the research of probiotics have been focused on the prevention and treatment of disorders associated with the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including pathogen infection, traveler's diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and constipation. Probiotics have also been suggested as therapeutic agents against irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases. An increasing amount of evidence from clinical studies suggests that they are effective in the prevention of atopic allergies and may have potential anti-carcinogenic effects. Until recent years many scientific research for this use has been based on empirical observations. Therefore, probiotics in the form of fermented milk products have been long part of attempts to maintain good health in world wide.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1285-1293
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• 2012

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of commercial monostrain and multistrain probiotics in diets on growth performance, intestinal morphology and mucin gene (MUC2) expression in broiler chicks. Three hundred seventy-eight 1-d-old male Arian broiler chicks were allocated in 3 experimental groups for 6 wk. The birds were fed on a corn-soybean based diet and depending on the addition were labeled as follows: control-unsupplemented (C), birds supplemented with Bacillus subtilis (BS) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) based probiotics. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 21 broilers each. Treatment effects on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and biomarkers such as intestinal goblet cell density, villus length, villus width, and mucin gene expression were determined. Total feed intake did not differ significantly between control birds and those fed a diet with probiotics (p>0.05). However, significant differences in growth performance were found. Final body weight at 42 d of age was higher in birds fed a diet with probiotics compared to those fed a diet without probiotic (p<0.05). Inclusion of Bacillus subtilis based probiotic in the diets also significantly affected feed conversion rate (FCR) compared with control birds (p<0.05). No differences in growth performance were observed in birds fed different types of probiotic supplemented diets. Inclusion of lactic acid bacteria based probiotic in the diets significantly increased goblet cell number and villus length (p<0.05). Furthermore, diets with Bacillus subtilis based probiotics significantly increased gene expression (p<0.05), with higher intestinal MUC2 mRNA in birds fed diet with probiotics compared to those fed the control diet. In BS and LAB probiotic fed chicks, higher growth performance may be related to higher expression of the MUC2 gene in goblet cells and/or morphological change of small intestinal tract. The higher synthesis of the mucin gene after probiotic administration may positively affect bacterial interactions in the intestinal digestive tract, intestinal mucosal cell proliferation and consequently efficient nutrient absorption.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.415-418
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• 2013

차세대 염기서열 분석(next generation sequencing, NGS) 기술의 발전으로 16S rRNA의 염기서열 분석이 미생물 군집 분석의 주된 방법으로 사용되고 있다. 인간의 건강과 질병에 관여하는 미생물들을 밝혀내기 위한 인간 미생물군집 프로젝트(human microbiome project, HMP)가 최근에 완료되었다. HMP는 세균에 의해 발생하는 여러 질병들의 특성들을 밝혀내었고, 특히 장에 서식하는 세균들에 대해 많은 연구가 수행되었다. 비록 인간의 장내 세균들에 대한 연구는 잘 수행되어왔지만, 다른 가축의 장내 세균에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 가축의 분변 미생물 다양성에 관해 조사하였고, 분변미생물 생태연구의 중요성을 제시 할 것이다. 한국에서의 분변 미생물 군집 프로젝트(fecal microbiome project) 시작을 본 연구논문을 통해 보고하고자 한다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.175-180
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• 1973

This study was attempted to see more clear relationships among the enterobacteria, especially between the intestinal normal flora and pathogenic bacteria. It has been known that some intestinal normal flora produce the bactrial metabolites that are harmful to other enteric bacteria. One of the metabolites is known as colicin, the protein fraction, which possesses certain degree of inhibitory effect against other bacterial growth fraction, whih possesses certain degree of inhibitory effect against other bacterial growth. As a preliminary study for a colicin purification, the antagonistic effect of E, coli to groups of Salmonella and Shigella has been studied by means of in vitro quantitative culture method. 1. E.coli showed definite inhibitory effects aganist both Salmonella and Shigella groups in the mixture of two organisms. 2. The inhibitory effects of E.coli in the E.coli-Salmonella and the E.coli-Shigella mixture occurred from 4 hours incubation following the inoculation. 3. Even the complete inhibition of pathogenic enteric bacterial growth was noticed in the E.coli-Salmonella mixture at overnight incubation. 4. Among the diluted mixtures, 1:100, 1:1,000, and 1:10,000, survival rate of pathogenic enteric bacteria in the mixtures with E.coli showed least affected at the 1:1,000 dilution. 5. It was found that the antagonistic effect aganist groups of Salmonella-shigella was depending upon the groups of the genera.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1997

쥐의 사육실험결과 장내 균총 개선에 유효한 것으로 나타난 사과에 대하여 in vitro 배양실험을 통하여 이들의 유효성을 검증하였다. 사과로부터 분리한 crude pulp (CP), total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF)와 시약용 사과 펙틴을 구입하여 PYF 액체배지에 첨가한 후 주요 장내 미생물의 표준균주들을 단독배양하여 O.D.와 pH를 측정함으로써 그 이용성을 조사하였다. 또한 이들 배지에 흰쥐의 분변 혼탁액을 종균으로 접종하여 혼합배양한 후 주요 장내 미생물의 균총변화를 조사하였다. 대부분의 장내 세균들이 사과의 IDF 첨가구에서보다 SDF 첨가구에서 더 잘 생육하였으며 특히 Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. animalis, B. infantis, B. longum, B. thermophilum 등 Bifidus균들은 SDF 첨가구에서 비교적 높은 이용성을 나타냈으나 시약용 펙틴을 첨가한 시험구에서는 실험에 사용된 대부분의 균들이 거의 생육하지 않았다. 그러나 흰쥐의 분변 미생물들을 혼합배양하였을 때 사과의 섬유질 특히 수용성 식이섬유질(SDF)과 펙틴질 첨가구에서 포도당 첨가구에 비하여 Bifidobacterium의 수가 다량 검출되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.912-918
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• 2002

In nature, two different types of fructose polymers (fructan) are generally found in dietary fibers; these are the fructose homopolymers levan, which is of high molecular weight and is $\beta$-(2,6)-linked, and inulin, which is of low molecular weight and is $\beta$-(2,1)-linked. The effects of levan and inulin on the intestinal physiology of rats were compared. Sprague Dawley rats were fed one of three diets for 3 weeks: a control diet, a basal diet containing 7% of levan, and a basal diet containing 7% of inulin. Cecal enlargement, together with the lowering of cecal pH, occurred in rats fed on the levan and inulin diets (p < 0.05). The levan and inulin diets resulted in a two-fold increase in the amount of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum, when compared to the control diet. The number of total microbes and of lactic acid-producing bacteria in the feces were higher in rats fed the fructan diets than those in rats fed control diet (p < 0.05). The levan diet also significantly increased the cecal $\alpha$-galactosidase activity by 3.8-fold, when compared to the control diet, indicating that levan stimulated the growth of Bifidobacteria in the cecum. These results show that the intake of levan and inulin stimulated the growth of lactic acid-producing bacteria in the cecum and thereby improved intestinal conditions in rats. (Korean J Nutrition 35(9) : 912~918,2002)