• 제목/요약/키워드: Intestinal Development

검색결과 467건 처리시간 0.027초

리팜피신과 오플로삭신에 내성인 Enterococcus faecalis 균주의 개발 (Development of Enterococcus faecalis Strains Resistant to Rifampicin and Ofloxacin)

  • 이수화;김숙경;정영자;심미자;김병각;최응칠
    • 약학회지
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.351-356
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    • 1996
  • The preparation of Enterococcus faecalis RSI is used as a therapeutics for human intestinal disorders. However, the microbe in this preparation is usually very sensitive to rifampicin and fluoroquinolones. If this preparation is taken with rifampicin or fluoroquinolones, its therapeutic effect can not be expected. E. faecalis RFR11, containing resistance to rifampicin was obtained by MNNG mutation method. Serial passage of E. faecalis RFR11 produced E. feacalis OFR16 on agar with 2-fold minimal inhibitory concentration of ofloxacin produced. E. feacalis OFR16 was resistant to fluoroquinolones up to 8-256 fold higher than that for the original strain. E. faecalis OFR16 also exhibited identical characteristics with the parent strain when they were tested for lactic acid formation and growth inhibition of E. coli MB4-5737 and Shigella sonnei MB4-10411. From in vitro test, it was identified that rifampicin and ofloxacin is not inactivated by certain factors of E. faecalis OFR16. Conclusively. E. faecalis OFR16, rifampicin and fluoroquinolones resistant mutant, is an efficient strain that has insensitivity against rifampicin and fluoroquinolones and original biochemical characteristics of the parent strain.

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상엽 추출물을 이용한 항당뇨 음료의 개발 (I) - 상엽 추출물의 제제화 탐색 - (Development of An Anti-Diabetic Functional Drink (I) - Screening of the Manufacturing of Mulberry Leaf Extract -)

  • 구성자;윤기주;김근풍
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.364-369
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구는 천연 자원인 뽕나무에서 혈당강하 효능을 가진 뽕잎(상엽)의 열수 추출법을 이용하여 상엽 추출물의 공정화 확립과 Formulation 개발을 위해 상엽 추출물과 silk peptide 및 한약재를 첨가한 시제품을 동물실험을 통하여 Formulation을 최종 결정하여 제품화하여 기능성 음료를 개발하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 상엽 추출의 최적 조건은 상엽 크기는 3mm 이하로 하고, 2/3 정도 packing된 면포자루로 포장된 상엽을 사용하며, 상엽 사용량은 50~100 g/L, 추출 온도는 9$0^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간은 2 hr으로 하였으며 이때 수율은 20~25%였다. 또한 시료 배합에 따른 혈당강하 실험을 통하여 상엽 추출물과 silk peptide 의 농도는 각각 1%, 0.1%일 때 혈당강하 작용이 가장 우수하였으며 부재료로 사용된 둥글레는 상엽추출물의 10% 첨가한 경우가 혈당강하작용이 가장 컸으며, polydextrose도 효과가 있으므로 첨가하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.

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알긴산 장용 비드에 봉입한 새로운 장 표적성 경구용 장티푸스 Ty21a 백신의 개발 (Development of a New Gut-targeted Oral Typhoid Vaccine Ty21a Encasulated within Alginate Enteric Beads)

  • 장윤정;정성균;박동우;김희준;김기호
    • 약학회지
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.536-544
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    • 2001
  • increase the viability of oral typhoid vaccine during the passage through the castro-intes-tidal tract, numerous attempts have been made including the vaccine coating. However problems such as high death rate during the coating process and its instability in the gastric juice still remain to be solved. In this study, the oral vaccine was made as the micro-enteric beads by adding Salmomella typhi Ty21a cells to sodium alginate solution and spraying onto calcium chloride solution (ionotropic relation method). The vaccine showed more than 90% of its original viability after treating it for 1 hour in the artificial gastric juice (37$^{\circ}C$, 300 rpm). The clearance rate of the Ty21a in the liver and spleen of the mice orally administrated with coated Ty21a was similar to that of the mice intraperitoneally administrated with uncoated Ty21a. The peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) isolated from the mice orally administered with this vaccine produced 15.5 fold higher specific IgA antibody titer than that from the control mice administerd with saline solution. furthermore, the mice treated with the coated Ty21a had higher survival rates (50~87%) than the control mice treated with saline solution (0~10%) in the intraperitoneal challenge test with wild type S. typhi Ty21a cells. These results suggest that the alginate-based coating technique is effective to protect live Ty21a from acidic environments, and produces better intestinal immune responses thereby providing a potentially excellent oral typhoid vaccine.

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가금티브스균 Salmonella gallinarum의 생육을 저해하는 길항미생물의 선발 및 동정 (Isolation, Identification and Cultural Condition of the Antagonistic Microorganism Against Salmonella gallinarum Causing Fowl Typhoid)

  • 김진락;김상달
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제13권6호
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    • pp.843-848
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    • 2003
  • 가금티프스는 가금류에 Salmonella gallinarum이 원인균이 되어 발병하는 양계산업에 막대한 지장을 주는 질병이다. 가금티프스를 억제하기 위한 생균제 개발을 위한 목적으로써 가금티프스 원인균인 Salmonella gallinarum의 생육을 저해시킬 수 있는 길항균주를 토종닭의 내장으로부터 분리하여 생육특성과 길항물질 생산성을 조사하고, 이 균주를 분류학적으로 동정하였다. 분리된 길항균주는 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens와 98% 상동성을 나타내어 최종적으로 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Y3로 명명하였다. 0.3% maltose, 0.2% $NH_4Cl,\; 37^{\circ}C$ pH 7에서 균생육 및 길항물질의 생산능이 가장 우수하였으나 장내 담즙에 대한 내성은 크게 나쁘지 않을 것으로 확인되어졌다. 생산된 길항물질을 추정하여 본 결과 분자량이 10,000보다 작은 저분자물질이었으며 $80^{\circ}C$에서 20분간 열처리한 후에도 80%의 활성을 유지하는 내열성 물질임을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 선발되어진 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Y3가 생산해내는 길항물질에 대한 연구와 개량을 통하고 장내 정착성 실험을 거쳐 우수균주로 확인되면 양계산업에 사용될 우수한 생균제로 개발이 가능할 것이라 생각된다.

Effect of vitamin C on azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis-associated early colon cancer in mice

  • Jeon, Hee-Jin;Yeom, Yiseul;Kim, Yoo-Sun;Kim, Eunju;Shin, Jae-Ho;Seok, Pu Reum;Woo, Moon Jea;Kim, Yuri
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 2018
  • BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C on inflammation, tumor development, and dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation-associated early colon cancer mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with AOM [10 mg/kg body weight (b.w)] and given two 7-d cycles of 2% DSS drinking water with a 14 d inter-cycle interval. Vitamin C (60 mg/kg b.w. and 120 mg/kg b.w.) was supplemented by gavage for 5 weeks starting 2 d after the AOM injection. RESULTS: The vitamin C treatment suppressed inflammatory morbidity, as reflected by disease activity index (DAI) in recovery phase and inhibited shortening of the colon, and reduced histological damage. In addition, vitamin C supplementation suppressed mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, Interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, and IL-6, and reduced expression of the proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, compared to observations of AOM/DSS animals. Although the microbial composition did not differ significantly between the groups, administration of vitamin C improved the level of inflammation-related Lactococcus and JQ084893 to control levels. CONCLUSION: Vitamin C treatment provided moderate suppression of inflammation, proliferation, and certain inflammation-related dysbiosis in a murine model of colitis associated-early colon cancer. These findings support that vitamin C supplementation can benefit colonic health. Long-term clinical studies with various doses of vitamin C are warranted.

김치 및 김치 유래 유산균의 건강 기능성에 대한 연구 동향 조사 (A survey of research papers on the health benefits of kimchi and kimchi lactic acid bacteria)

  • 김보경;문은경;김도연;김영;박용순;이해정;차연수
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제51권1호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This review article provides an overview of the trends of research papers on the health benefits of kimchi and kimchi lactic acid bacteria published from 1995 to 2017. Methods: All publications from 1995 to 2017 regarding kimchi and kimchi lactic acid bacteria were collected, reviewed, and classified. This review article covers the publications of the health benefits of kimchi and kimchi lactic acid bacteria on experimental, clinical trials, and epidemiology studies. Results: The number of publications on kimchi over the period were 590: 385 publications in Korean and 205 publications in English. The number of publications on the health benefits of kimchi and kimchi lactic acid bacteria were 95 in Korean and 54 in English. The number of publications on kimchi and kimchi lactic acid bacteria were 84 and 38, respectively, in the experimental models. Ten research papers on kimchi in clinical trials and 7 publications in epidemiology were found. Kimchi or kimchi lactic acid bacteria had protective effects against oxidative stress, mutagenicity, toxicity, cancer, dyslipidemia, hypertension, immunity, and inflammation in in vitro, cellular, and in vivo animal models. Moreover, kimchi had effects on the serum lipids, intestinal microbiota, iron status, obesity, and metabolic parameters in human clinical trials. In epidemiology, kimchi had effects on hypertension, asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, cholesterol levels, and free radicals. Conclusion: This review focused on the publications regarding the health benefits of kimchi and kimchi lactic acid bacteria, suggesting the future directions of studies about kimchi and kimchi lactic acid bacteria by producing a database for an evaluation of the health benefits of kimchi.

Hypermethylation Status of E-Cadherin Gene in Gastric Cancer Patients in a High Incidence Area

  • Rashid, Haroon;Alam, Khursheed;Afroze, Dil;Yousuf, Adfar;Banday, Manzoor;Kawoosa, Fizalah
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.2757-2760
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    • 2016
  • Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most prevalant cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. As in other cancers gastric carcinogenesis is multifactorial involving environmental, genetic and epigenetic components. Epigenetic silencing due to hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes is one of the key events in gastric carcinogenesis. This study was aimed to analyse the hypermethylation status of the E-Cadherin (CDH1) gene promoter in GCs in the ethnic Kashmiri population. In this study a total of 80 GC patients were recruited. Hypermethylation in tumour tissue was detected by methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR). Hypermethylation of CDH1 promoter was observed in 52 (65%) of gastric carcinoma cases which was significantly much higher than adjacent normal tissue [$p{\leq}0.0001$]. Further the frequency of CDH1 promoter methylation was significantly different with intestinal and diffuse types of gastric cancer [55.7% vs 82.1%; p<0.05]. Moreover females and cases with lymph node invasion had higher frequencies of CDH1 hypermethylation [$P{\leq}0.05$]. Thus the current data indicate a vital role of epigenetic alteration of CDH1 in the causation and development of gastric cancer, particularly of diffuse type, in our population.

Analysis of excreta bacterial community after forced molting in aged laying hens

  • Han, Gi Ppeum;Lee, Kyu-Chan;Kang, Hwan Ku;Oh, Han Na;Sul, Woo Jun;Kil, Dong Yong
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제32권11호
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    • pp.1715-1724
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    • 2019
  • Objective: As laying hens become aged, laying performance and egg quality are generally impaired. One of the practical methods to rejuvenate production and egg quality of aged laying hens with decreasing productivity is a forced molting. However, the changes in intestinal microbiota after forced molting of aged hens are not clearly known. The aim of the present study was to analyze the changes in excreta bacterial communities after forced molting of aged laying hens. Methods: A total of one hundred 66-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were induced to molt by a 2-d water removal and an 11-d fasting until egg production completely ceased. The excreta samples of 16 hens with similar body weight were collected before and immediately after molting. Excreta bacterial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results: Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the three major bacterial phyla in pre-molting and immediate post-molting hens, accounting for more than 98.0%. Lactobacillus genus had relatively high abundance in both group, but decreased by molting (62.3% in premolting and 24.9% in post-molting hens). Moreover, pathogenic bacteria such as Enterococcus cecorum and Escherichia coli were more abundant in immediate post-molting hens than in pre-molting hens. Forced molting influenced the alpha diversity, with higher Chao1 (p = 0.012), phylogenetic diversity whole tree (p = 0.014), observed operational taxonomic unit indices (p = 0.006), and Simpson indices (p<0.001), which indicated that forced molting increased excreta bacterial richness of aged laying hens. Conclusion: This study improves the current knowledge of bacterial community alterations in the excreta by forced molting in aged laying hens, which can provide increasing opportunity to develop novel dietary and management skills for improving the gastrointestinal health of aged laying hens after molting.

Risk Factors of Clonorchis sinensis Human Infections in Endemic Areas, Haman-Gun, Republic of Korea: A Case-Control Study

  • Lee, Sang-Eun;Shin, Hee-Eun;Lee, Myoung-Ro;Kim, Yang-Hee;Cho, Shin-Hyeong;Ju, Jung-Won
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제58권6호
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    • pp.647-652
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    • 2020
  • Clonorchis sinensis is the most common fish-borne intestinal parasite in Korea. The aim of the present investigation was to survey the status of C. sinensis infection and analyze associated risk factors in residents of Haman-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. A total of 5,114 residents from 10 administrative towns/villages voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, which comprised fecal examination, a questionnaire survey for risk factors, ultrasonography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cancer biomarker detection in the blood. We detected C. sinensis eggs in 5.3% of the subjects. By region, Gunbuk-myeon had the highest number of residents with C. sinensis eggs. The infection rate and intensity were higher in male than in female residents. Based on the risk factor questionnaire, infection was highly associated with drinking, a history of C. sinensis infection, and the practice of eating of raw freshwater fish. Extension of the bile duct, infection intensity, and cancer biomarker detection significantly correlated with the presence of eggs in the study population. In conclusion, the development of feasible, long-term control policies and strategies for the elimination of C. sinensis in Korea is still required.

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and phytase co-fermentation of wheat bran on growth, antioxidation, immunity and intestinal morphology in broilers

  • Chuang, Wen-Yang;Lin, Li-Jen;Hsieh, Yun-Chen;Chang, Shen-Chang;Lee, Tzu-Tai
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제34권7호
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    • pp.1157-1168
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    • 2021
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different amounts of wheat bran (WB) inclusion and postbiotics form by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and phytase co-fermented wheat bran (FWB) on the growth performance and health status of broilers. Methods: Study randomly allocated a total of 300 male broilers to a control and 4 treatment groups (5% WB, 5% FWB, 10% WB, and 10% FWB inclusion, respectively) with each pen having 20 broilers and 3 pens per treatment. Results: The WB does not contain enzymes, but there are 152.8, 549.2, 289.5, and 147.1 U/g dry matter xylanase, protease, cellulase and β-glucanase in FWB, respectively. Furthermore, FWB can decrease nitric oxide release of lipopolysaccharide stimulated chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells by about two times. Results show that 10% FWB inclusion had significantly the highest weight gain (WG) at 1 to 21 d; 5% FWB had the lowest feed conversion rate at 22 to 35 d; 10% WB and 10% FWB inclusion have the highest villus height and Lactobacillus spp. number in caecum; and both 5% and 10% FWB can increase ash content in femurs. Compared to control group, all treatments increase mucin 2, and tight junction (TJ), such as occludin, claudin-1, zonula occludens-1, and mRNA expression in ileum by at least 5 folds. In chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase-1 mRNA expression decreases from 2 to 5 times, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit mRNA expression also increases in all treatment groups compared to control group. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-κB, and IL-1β, decreases in 5% and 10% FWB groups compared to control group. Conclusion: To summarize, both WB and FWB inclusion in broilers diets increase TJ mRNA expression and anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, but up to 10% FWB groups have better WG in different stages of broiler development.