• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7359-7366
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• 2013

Objective: To assess the effects of perioperative comprehensive supportive care interventions on outcome of Chinese esophageal cancer patients in a prospective study. Methods: 60 patients with primary esophageal carcinoma were randomized into an intervention group (IG, n=31) and a control group (CG, n=29). The Chinese version of symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) was adopted to assess their psychological status. The interventions, including health education, psychological support, stress management, coping strategies and behavior training, were carried out in 3 phases (preoperative, postoperative I and postoperative II), and psychological effects were thereafter evaluated accordingly before surgery, and 1 week, 4 weeks and 24 weeks post-surgery. Medical costs were estimated at discharge. Survival of patients was estimated each year post-surgery. General health status and satisfaction-with-hospital were surveyed by a follow-up questionnaire 4 years post-surgery. Results: All the subjects demonstrated higher scores in the preoperative phase than the normal range of Chinese population concerning 7 psychological domains including somatization, obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation. Although no significant difference was observed between the two groups at admission, the scores of IG, which tended to decrease at a faster rate, were generally lower than those of CG at weeks 1, 4 and 24 post-surgery. The length of hospital stay and medical costs of IG were significantly less than those of CG and satisfaction-with-hospital was better. However, there was no significant difference in 4-year survival or health status between two groups. Conclusions: Appropriate perioperative comprehensive supportive care interventions help to improve the psychological state of Chinese patients with esophageal carcinoma, to reduce health care costs and to promote satisfaction of patients and their families with hospital.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.82-103
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• 2007

Neoliberalism can be seen as a path-dependent, hybrid and contradictory project that operates actually (not just ideologically) through intervention of the state that has been not weakened in its strength but different in its strategies, especially through neoliberal policies of remaking urban space. This paper seeks to characterize the development of neoliberalism and urban policies in S. Korea, by examining the trajectory of neoliberalism generated in its contextually specific way since the late 1980s, by illuminating the intersection between new neoliberal programs and the existing developmentalism of the state and changes in spatial policy with its effects, which can be divided into two phases: the first from the late 1980s to the economic crisis in 1997, and the second from the crisis to the present. This paper finally identifies several paths in which the state and the market would be interrelated, and argues that the vision of national development and spatial policy should be welfare(i.e. human)-oriented, not industry(i.e. capital)-oriented.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Understanding individual's intention, action and maintenance to increase fruit and vegetable intake is an initial step in designing nutrition or health promotion programs. This study aimed to determine stages of change to increase fruit and vegetable intake and its relationships with fruit and vegetable intake, self-efficacy, perceived benefits and perceived barriers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 348 public university staff in Universiti Putra Malaysia. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire and two days 24-hour diet recall were used. RESULTS: Half of the respondents (50%) were in preparation stage, followed by 43% in action/maintenance, 7% in pre-contemplation/contemplation stages. Respondents in action/maintenance stages had significantly higher self-efficacy (F = 9.17, P < 0.001) and perceived benefits (F =5.07, P < 0.01) while respondents in pre-contemplation/contemplation and preparation stages had significantly higher perceived barriers (F = 4.83, P < 0.05). Perceived benefits tend to outweigh perceived barriers pre-ceding to taking action. Self-efficacy is important in motivating individuals to increase fruit and vegetable intake as self-efficacy and perceived barriers crossed over between preparation and action/maintenance. Respondents in action/maintenance stages had the highest adjusted mean serving of fruit and vegetable intake (F = 4.52, P < 0.05) but the intake did not meet recommendation. CONCLUSION: Intervention strategies should emphasize on increasing perceived benefits and building self-efficacy by providing knowledge and skills to consume a diet high in fruits and vegetables in order to promote healthy changes in having high fruit and vegetable intake.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.85-95
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• 1998

Because cancer is not curable, patients who suffer from the cancer disease may have physical, psychological and spiritual problems for the rest of their lives. Especially, when cancer patients do not have the meaning in their lives, they will experience spiritual distress seriously. This study was conducted to provide a basis for nursing intervention strategies to minimize the cancer patients' spiritual distress and understand the relationship between the meaning of life and the spiritual distress in cancer patients. The samples were composed of 62 cancer patients who were inpatients or outpatients of three university hospital and one general hospital in Seoul. Data collection was carried out from January 10,1998 to May 30, 1998. Data were analyzed using a SAS program for descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, LSD test and linear regression. The results were as follows; 1. The scores on the meaning of life scale ranged from 20 to 140 with a mean of 94. 16(Standard error: 2.79). 2. The scores on the spiritual distress scale ranged from 13 to 91 with a mean of 62. 29(Standard error: 1.38). 3. There were significant correlations between the meaning of life and the spiritual distress(r=.53. p=.00). 4. The linear regression analysis showed that the meaning of life explained 29% of the spiritual distress. 5. In the degree of the meaning of life and the spiritual distress according to the general characteristics, the level of the meaning of life in cancer patients were different by age(F=3. 42, p=.03), marriage status(F=6.06, p=.00), religion(F=4.21, p=.01), thought about treatment of cancer(F=3.76, p=.04). And the level of the spiritual distress in cancer patients were different by religion(F=7.56, p=.00). In conclusion, the meaning of life was identified as important variable that was contributed to reduce the spiritual distress in cancer patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.244-250
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• 2010

Objective : Adequate management of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is critical in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and decompressive craniectomy is widely used to treat refractory increased ICP. The authors reviewed and analyzed complications following decompressive craniectomy for the management of TBI. Methods : A total of 89 consecutive patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy for TBI between February 2004 and February 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Incidence rates of complications secondary to decompressive craniectomy were determined, and analyses were performed to identify clinical factors associated with the development of complications and the poor outcome. Results : Complications secondary to decompressive craniectomy occurred in 48 of the 89 (53.9%) patients. Furthermore, these complications occurred in a sequential fashion at specific times after surgical intervention; cerebral contusion expansion ($2.2{\pm}1.2$ days), newly appearing subdural or epidural hematoma contralateral to the craniectomy defect ($1.5{\pm}0.9$ days), epilepsy ($2.7{\pm}1.5$ days), cerebrospinal fluid leakage through the scalp incision ($7.0{\pm}4.2$ days), and external cerebral herniation ($5.5{\pm}3.3$ days). Subdural effusion ($10.8{\pm}5.2$ days) and postoperative infection ($9.8{\pm}3.1$ days) developed between one and four weeks postoperatively. Trephined and post-traumatic hydrocephalus syndromes developed after one month postoperatively (at $79.5{\pm}23.6$ and $49.2{\pm}14.1$ days, respectively). Conclusion : A poor GCS score ($\leq$ 8) and an age of $\geq$ 65 were found to be related to the occurrence of one of the above-mentioned complications. These results should help neurosurgeons anticipate these complications, to adopt management strategies that reduce the risks of complications, and to improve clinical outcomes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.146-156
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the mental health of and the mediation effect of resilience on the mental health of the victims of school violence. The subjects are 509 junior high school students in 8th grade from J city who experienced school violence. The data collected were analyzed through frequency, percentage, correlation and mediated regression analyses and the Sobel test. The results confirmed that the male students had experienced school violence to a greater extent than the female ones, but the latter's mental health was worse than that of the former. The result of the mediated regression analysis showed the fully mediated effect of resilience on the mental health of both male and female victims of school violence. According to these findings, intervention strategies that focus on increasing the resilience of school violence victims are suggested.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.266-278
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a substantive theory on self-management conducted by the adolescents with chronic kidney disease from their lived experience. Methods: Data was collected through in-depth interviews from May to December in 2015 with thirteen adolescents with chronic kidney disease. The data collected were analyzed on the basis of Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory. Results: The core of the category found in this study was "overcoming the unstable sense of self- control and integrating disease experience into their life". The causal conditions triggering the central phenomenon were "restriction in daily life" and "manifestation and aggravation of symptom". The central phenomenon in the experience of self-management within the adolescents with chronic kidney disease was "unstable sense of self control". The intervening condition for unstable self control were "micro system support" and "motivational resources". This study found that the adolescents with chronic kidney disease followed a series of strategies when they faced the central phenomenon, including; passive coping, reappraisal of illness, active coping, compliance with treatment, controlling physical activity, and adjusting school life. With these strategic approaches, the adolescents with chronic kidney disease could maintain their active lifestyles and achieve their health behaviors. The process of self-management by these adolescents passed through four phases; limited experience caused by diseases, effort for normalization, reorganizing their daily lives, and integration with daily lives and self-management. Conclusion: This Study explored the process and experience of self-management of adolescents with chronic kidney disease. These findings can be used for basis for developing substantive theory and nursing intervention strategy for adolescents with chronic kidney diseases.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.177-190
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• 2002

This study were conducted to assess the physical growth and developmental status of infants in orphanage in order to provide an empirical data. The subjects for this study were 104 infants and toddlers who were reared in an orphanage in D Metropolitan city. The instrument used for this study were anthropometric assessment and DDST for normative data of development. Data has been collected from September 1st, 1998 to August 31st, 2000 and were analyzed using SPSS/PC(Version 10.0) with frequency, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and Chi-square test. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 30.8% of infants in orphanage had abnormal weight, 26.9% had abnormal length, and 22.1% had abnormal head circumference and most of them were distributed below 50 percentile of growth chart. 2. 53.8% of infants in orphanage had normal, 27.9% had qustionable, and 18.3% had abnormal developmental screening test results, especially, 31.5% of infants in orphanage ages 3 to 5 years had abnormal developmental screening test results, according to the Denver Developmental Screening Test(DDST). There was a significant developmental delay noted in the language and fine motor-adaptive sector. 3. It is anticipated that developmental delays would increase in severity by older the mean age of orphanage infants and longer the time being raised in orphanage. It would be concluded that the physical growth and developmental status of orphaned infants were very vulnerable and serious and it is suggested that there needed an effective intervention strategies to promote growth and development of infants in orphanage.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.703-711
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand what are the experiences and management of type 2 diabetes in everyday lives among Korean people. Methods: A grounded theory method was utilized to explore how people with type 2 diabetes to experience and manage their disease under the Korean socio-cultural context. The data were collected via narrative in-depth interviews with 21 people with type 2 diabetes during 2010-2011 and all interviews were transcribed for verbatim analysis. Results: The core category was 'Rearranging everyday lives by accepting diabetes as lifelong annoying companion.' Four stages were identified: ignoring; struggling compromising and conciliating. Each stage illustrates major problems and/or strategies that the participants face in dealing with diabetes. The process illustrates the transference from their ordinary life, in which diabetes or health was ignored, to the health-oriented life, within which diabetes is integrated into their lives. The most difficult barriers they faced in everyday lives include social stigma of diabetes and collectivistic culture in Korea. Within the culture, the group goals are concerned over individual ones, making it harder for the participants to take care of their own health. Conclusion: The findings of the study imply that health care professionals may consider the influence of social stigma in caring diabetic patients. Also, the intervention study is warranted to educate Korean people with diabetes to get aware of the sociocultural context and stigma as well as personal difficulties in self-caring diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.26-48
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• 2010

The current government tries to pursue a series of energy plans and strategies which have been recently established under the banner of 'green growth'. Although there have been several critical comments on the energy policy, the structural background under which the energy policy has been established and implemented has not yet been scrutinized. This paper understands the current government's strategy for 'green growth' and energy policy as a process of neoliberalization. In particular, the energy policy is characterized as industrialization, marketization, technologization, and financialization of energy, which bring about a lot of detailed issues. This kind of 'green growth' strategy is far from the model of sustainable development, and rather seems to be well interpreted in terms of what Harvey calls 'accumulation by dispossession'. As the government's strategy for 'green growth' and energy policy denies the roll of citizens and civil society which would mediate and arbitrate the contradiction between environment preservation and economic growth, and conflicts between market mechanism and state intervention, so alternatives to the 'green growth' strategy should be orientated to a citizen-participating and civil society-led energy policy.