• Hip & pelvis
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2023

Purpose: Cephalomedullary (CM) nailing is widely performed in treatment of elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures. However, in cases of fixation failure, re-operation is usually necessary, thus determining factors that may contribute to fixation failure is important. In this study, we examined factors affecting the occurrence of fixation failure, such as age or fracture stability, after CM nailing in elderly patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively using registered data. From April 2011 to December 2018, CM nailing was performed in 378 cases diagnosed with femoral intertrochanteric fractures, and 201 cases were finally registered. Cases involving patients who were bed-ridden before injury, who died from causes unrelated to surgery, and those with a follow-up period less than six months were excluded. Results: Fixation failure occurred in eight cases. Comparison of the surgical success and fixation failure group showed that the mean age was significantly higher in the fixation failure group compared with the control group (81.3±6.4 vs. 86.4±6.8; P=0.034). A significantly high proportion of unstable fractures was also observed (139/54 vs. 3/5; P=0.040), with a significantly high ratio of intramedullary reduction (176/17 vs. 5/3; P=0.034). A significantly higher ratio of unstable fractures compared with that of stable fractures was observed in the intramedullary reduction group (132/49 vs. 10/10; P=0.033). Conclusion: Fixation failure of CM nailing is likely to occur in patients who are elderly or have unstable fracture patterns. Thus, care should be taken in order to avoid intramedullary reduction.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare short-term results from use of the direct anterior approach (DAA) and the conventional posterolateral approach (PLA) in performance of bipolar hemiarthroplasty for treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 100 patients with intertrochanteric fractures who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty was conducted. The PLA was used in 50 cases from 2016 to 2019; since that time we have used the DAA in 50 cases from 2019 to 2021. Measurements of mean operative time, blood loss, hospitalization period, and ambulation status, greater trochanter (GT) migration and stem subsidence were performed. And the incidence of complications was examined. Results: Operative time was 73.60±14.56 minutes in the PLA group and 79.80±8.89 minutes in the DAA group (P<0.05). However, after experiencing 20 cases using DAA, there was no statistically difference in operative time between two groups (P=0.331). Blood loss was 380.76±180.67 mL in the PLA group and 318.14± 138.51 mL in the DAA group (P<0.05). The hospitalization was 23.76±11.89 days in the PLA group and 21.45 ±4.18 days in the DAA group (P=0.207). In both groups, there were no progressive GT migration, intraoperative fractures or dislocations, although there was one case of infection in the PLA group. Conclusion: Although use of the DAA in performance of bipolar hemiarthroplasty required slightly more time in the beginning compared with the PLA, the DAA may well be an alternative, safe surgical technique as a muscle preserving procedure in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2018

Purpose: Internal fixation using compression hip screws (CHS) and traction tables placing patients in the supine position is a gold standard option for treating intertrochanteric fractures; however, at our institution, we approach this treatment with patients in a lateral decubitus position. Here, the results of 100 consecutive elderly (i.e., ${\geq}45$ years of age) patients who underwent internal fixation with CHS in lateral decubitus position are analyzed. Materials and Methods: Between March 2009 and May 2011, 100 consecutive elderly patients who underwent internal fixation with CHS for femoral intertrochanteric fracture were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical outcomes (i.e., Koval score, Harris hip score [HHS]) and radiographic outcomes (i.e., bone union time, amount of sliding of lag screw, tip-apex distance [TAD]) were evaluated. Results: Clinical assessments revealed that the average postoperative Koval score decreased from 1.4 to 2.6 (range, 0-5; P<0.05); HHS was 85 (range, 72-90); and mean bone union time was 5.0 (range, 2.0-8.2) months. Radiographic assessments revealed that anteroposterior average TAD was 6.95 (range, 1.27-14.63) mm; lateral average TAD was 7.26 (range, 1.20-18.43) mm; total average TAD was 14.21 (range, 2.47-28.66) mm; average lag screw sliding was 4.63 (range, 0-44.81) mm; and average angulation was varus $0.72^{\circ}$(range, $-7.6^{\circ}-12.7^{\circ}$). There were no cases of screw tip migration or nonunion, however, there were four cases of excessive screw sliding and six cases of varus angulation at more than $5^{\circ}$. Conclusion: CHS fixation in lateral decubitus position provides favorable clinical and radiological outcomes. This technique is advisable for regular CHS fixation of intertrochanteric fractures.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.241-253
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare cemented and cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures via meta-analysis and systematic review of relevant studies. Materials and Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on 31 available clinical studies; 19 of these studies used cemented stems, 12 used cementless stems, one used both types of stems, and two studies involved a comparative analysis of both stem types. Results: There were statistically significant differences in rates of leg length discrepancy (LLD) greater than 1 cm between the cemented (event rate, 0.089) and cementless groups (event rate, 0.015 and 0.047; P=0.03). Conclusion: Cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty and cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty performed on elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture revealed similar mortality and complication rates; however, the rate of LLD greater than 1 cm was significantly higher in the cemented group compared with the cementless group.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe a method of inserting cement in the femoral head before fixation with dynamic hip screw to prevent screw cut out due to osteoporosis and to evaluate its clinical outcome in these patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 30 patients aged 60 years and older with intertrochanteric fracture were included. Bone mineral density was measured. After reaming of the femoral head and neck with a triple reamer and polymethyl methacrylate, bone cement was introduced into the femoral head using a customized nozzle and a barrel fitted on a cement gun. A Richard screw was inserted and the plate was fixed over the femoral shaft. Patients were mobilized and clinical outcomes were rated using the Salvati and Wilson's scoring system. Results: More patients included in this study were between 66 and 70 years old than any other age group. The most common fracture according to the Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification was type 31A2.2 (46.7%). The T-score was found to be $-2.506{\pm}0.22$ (mean${\pm}$standard deviation); all patients were within the range of -2.0 to -2.8. The duration of radiological union was $13.67{\pm}1.77$ weeks. Salvati and Wilson's scoring at 12 months of follow up was $30.96{\pm}4.97$. The majority of patients were able to perform their normal routine activities; none experienced implant failure or screw cut out. Conclusion: Bone cement augmentation may effectively prevent osteoporosis-related hardware complications like screw cut out in elderly patients experiencing intertrochanteric fractures.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2020

골수강 내 금속정(골수정)은 1988년부터 대퇴골 전자간 골절을 치료하는 데 사용되어 왔다. 골수정은 활강고나사와 같은 골수강 외 고정 장치에 비하여 기계적 이점이 있으나 대퇴 전자간 골절 Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) 31-A1 및 31-A2 골절 치료에 활강고나사보다 유리한 고정 기구인지에 대해서는 논란이 계속되고 있다. 지난 30년 동안 여러 시행 착오가 극복되었고 새로운 유형의 대퇴 골수정이 개발되어 임상에서 사용되고 있다. 새로 개발된 골수정은 삽입 과정이 쉬워지고 지연나사를 사용한 대퇴 골두의 고정 능력이 향상되어 왔다. 그러나 고정 실패율은 여전히 정형외과 의사의 수술 술기에 달려 있다고 할 수 있다. 이 종설에서 우리는 골수정을 이용하여 대퇴 전자간 골절을 치료하는 동안 내측 지지대 복원의 중요성에 대해 초점을 맞추고 그 기본 원칙에 대하여 논의해 보고자 한다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2020

목적: 고령 여성에서 대퇴부에 발생한 골다공증과 동반된 전자간 골절에서 수술 후에 부갑상선 호르몬 제제 투여 후 골절 치유에 대한 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2013년 7월부터 2017년 12월까지 대퇴부 전자간 골절 및 골다공증을 진단 받은 후 수술을 시행한 65세 이상의 여자 환자에서 부갑상선 호르몬 제제를 투여한 군과 투여하지 않은 군을 대상으로 최초 가골의 형성 시기, 가골교로의 진행 시기 및 골유합 진행 시기를 조사하였다. 결과: 부갑상선 호르몬 투여군에서 최초 가골의 형성은 평균 32일, 가골교로의 진행은 평균 58일, 골유합이 된 시기는 평균 83일로 투약을 하지 않은 군에 비하여 통계적으로 의미 있게 기간이 단축된 소견을 보였다. 결론: 골다공증 치료제인 부갑상선 호르몬 제제는 고령의 여성에서 골다공증이 동반된 전자간 골절에서 가골의 형성 및 치유 과정을 촉진시킨다. 따라서 수술 후 이의 투여가 도움이 될 거라 생각된다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2020

목적: 고령의 환자에게 발생한 대퇴골 전자간 불안정성 골절에 대하여 관혈적 정복 및 내고정 이외의 다른 대안으로 고관절 반치환술이 선택적으로 사용되고 있다. 최근 의료 시스템과 기술의 발달로 대퇴골 전자간 골절 후 생존율이 높아지면서 중장기 이상의 기간을 고려한 대퇴 스템의 선택이 필요하다. 이에 저자들은 이중으로 가늘어 지는 직각 단면의 대퇴 스템(C2 stem)을 이용하여 불안정성 전자간 골절에 고관절 반치환술을 시행하고 5년 이상 추시한 환자에 대하여 그 임상적 방사선적 결과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 1월부터 2013년 12월까지 대퇴골 전자간 불안정성 골절에 대하여 C2 스템으로 고관절 반치환술을 시행한 43명의 환자(43 고관절)를 대상으로 하였다. 평균 연령은 78.6세(70-84세), 평균 추시 기간은 85.4개월(60-96개월)이었다. 추시 기간 동안 임상적으로는 통증, 보행 능력, 고관절 기능의 변화를 알아보았고, 방사선적으로는 피질골의 골다공증과 골 흡수 등 근위 대퇴골의 변화를 알아보았으며, 탈구와 인공 관절 주변 골절 등 추시 기간 중 발생한 합병증에 대하여 알아보았다. 결과: 통증은 수술 후 유의하게 감소하였는데, 수술 후 4년부터 증가하였고 수술 후 60개월에 보행 능력 평가에서 9예의 환자가 두 단계 보행 능력이 감소하였으며 Harris 고관절 점수는 수술 후 2년부터 3년 사이에 유의하게 감소하였다. 방사선적으로 피질골 골다공증은 14예 발생하였는데, 이 중 5예의 환자가 피질골 흡수 현상으로 진행하였다. 피질골 흡수 현상을 보인 5예 중 4예는 전자부 골절편이 불유합 된 경우였고, 3예는 역사상 골절인 경우였다. 결론: 골다공증을 동반한 고령의 환자에게 발생한 불안정성 전자간 골절에 3C 형태의 무시멘트 스템을 이용하여 고관절 반치환술을 일차로 시행하는 경우 환자의 건강 상태와 잔여 수명을 고려하여 주의 깊은 선택이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2007

Purpose: Clinical characteristics and medical cost were analyzed according to the surgical procedures for intertrochanteric fracture in aged patients to assess the appropriateness of treatment expense and to find possibility of reducing the medical cost. Method: Variable for the statistical analysis were; the clinical characteristics, medical cost according to the surgical procedures, the treatment success rate, the total medical expense, and the average expense per case. SAS Package Version 8.02. was used to analyze the relevant data. Results: Operative procedures differ significantly according to the gender and by the location of institution. Only significant clinical variables according to the operative procedure were duration of general anesthesia and amount of blood transfusion. Average cost per treatment was the highest in the bipolar hemiarthroplasty followed by the gamma nail and hip compressing screw. Average cost for bipolar hemiarthroplasty was significantly higher than other surgical procedures. Conclusions: The difference in hospital costs for treatment of intertrochanteric fracture originates from the utilized surgical procedures, mostly by the materials used. The method of surgical treatment should be carefully determined by the purpose of the surgery, in order to improve the quality of medical care and also to reduce the hospital cost.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to determine which intertrochanteric (IT) hip fracture and patient characteristics predict the necessity for adjunct reduction aides prior to prep and drape aiming for a more efficient surgery. Materials and Methods: Institutional fracture registries from two academic medical centers from 2017-2022 were analyzed. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, fracture patterns identified on radiographs including displacement of the lesser trochanter (LT), thin lateral wall (LW), reverse obliquity (RO), subtrochanteric extension (STE), and number of fracture parts were collected, and the need for additional aides following traction on fracture table were collected. Fractures were classified using the AO/OTA classification. Regression analyses identified significant risk factors for needing extra reduction aides. Results: Of the 166 patients included, the average age was 80.84±12.7 years and BMI was 24.37±5.3 kg/m². Univariate regression revealed increased irreducibility risk associated with RO (odds ratio [OR] 27.917, P≤0.001), LW (OR 24.882, P<0.001), and STE (OR 5.255, P=0.005). Multivariate analysis significantly correlated RO (OR 120.74, P<0.001) and thin LW (OR 131.14, P<0.001) with increased risk. However, STE (P=0.36) and LT displacement (P=0.77) weren't significant. Fracture types 2.2, 3.2, and 3.3 displayed elevated risk (P<0.001), while no other factors increased risk. Conclusion: Elderly patients with IT fractures with RO and/or thin LW are at higher risk of irreducibility, necessitating adjunct reduction aides. Other parameters showed no significant association, suggesting most fracture patterns can be achieved with traction manipulation alone.