• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2019

Open interproximal contact (OIC) is a phenomenon that can be observed to occur between an implant restoration and the adjacent tooth Food packing is very uncomfortable for patients. Efforts to relieve discomfort in various ways seem necessary.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study examined the factors that can be associated with the appearance of the interproximal papilla. Methods: One hundred and forty-seven healthy interproximal papillae between the maxillary central incisors were examined. For each subject, a digital photograph and periapical radiograph of the interdental embrasure were taken using a 1-mm grid metal piece. The following parameters were recorded: the amount of recession of the interproximal papilla, contact point-bone crest distance, contact point-cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) distance, CEJ-bone crest distance, inter-radicular distance, tooth shape, embrasure space size, interproximal contact area, gingival biotype, papilla height, and papilla tip form. Results: The amount of recession of the interproximal papilla was associated with the following: 1) increase in contact point-bone crest, contact point-CEJ, and CEJ-bone crest distance; 2) increase in the inter-radicular distance; 3) triangular tooth shape; 4) decrease in the interproximal contact area length; 5) increase in the embrasure space size; and 6) flat papilla tip form. On the other hand, the amount of gingival recession was not associated with the gingival biotype or papilla height. In the triangular tooth shape, the contact point-bone crest distance and inter-radicular distance were longer, the interproximal contact area length was shorter, and the embrasure space size was larger. The papilla tip form became flatter with increasing inter-radicular distance and CEJ-bone crest distance. Conclusions: The relative position of the interproximal papilla in healthy subjects was associated with the multiple factors and each factor was related to the others. A triangular tooth shape carries a higher risk of recession of the interproximal papilla because the proximal contact point is positioned more incisally and the bone crest is positioned more apically. This results in an increase in recession of the interproximal papilla and flat papilla tip form.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.52 no.8
• /
• pp.491-505
• /
• 2014

Food impaction between the implant prostheses and adjacent teeth is the most frequently observed problem. It may be caused by the migration of the adjacent teeth. This symptom may be observed at the mesial aspect of implant prostheses especially, and related with the multiple contributing factors including teeth vitality and antagonist. Idal proximal contact with optimal strength and shape should be made for preventing the food impaction. Shape of customized abutment and prosthesis should have optimal emergence profile. Long duration from the extraction to the delivery of implant prostheses, the adjacent teeth and antagonist teeth may have possibility of occlusal interferences. Remained teeth mobility can induce the food impaction regardless of interproximal contact strength. Occlusal adjustment to remove occlusal interferences can be a method for enhancing the stability of interproximal contact.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.425-442
• /
• 2004

Statement of problem: A difficulty in achieving a passive-fitting prosthesis can be overcome by individual crown restoation of multiple implants. But individualized crown has another difficulty in control of contact tightness and stress distribution. Purpose: This in vitro study is to evaluate the stress distribution and the magnitude in the supporting tissues around Endopore implants with different crown lengths, interproximal contact tightness, and the splinting effects. Material & methods: Three Endopore implants($4.1{\times}9mm$) were placed in the mandibular posterior edentulous area distal to the canine and photoelastic model was made with PL-2 resin(Measurements Group, Raleigh, USA). Restorations were fabricated in two crown lengths: 9, 13 mm. For non-splinted restorations, individual crowns were fabricated on three custom-milled titanium abutments. After the units were cemented, 4 levels of interproximal contact tightness were evaluated: open, ideal($8{\mu}m$ shim stock drags without tearing), medium($40{\mu}m$), and heavy($80{\mu}m$). For splinted restorations, 3-unit fixed partial dentures were fabricated. This study was examined under simulated non-loaded and loaded conditions(6.8 kg). Photoelastic stress analysis was carried out to measure the fringe order around the implant supporting structure. Results: 1. When restorations were not splinted, the more interproximal contact tightness was increased among the three implants, the more stress was shown in the cervical region of each implant. When crown length was increased, stresses tended to increase in the apex of implants but there were little differences in stress fringes. 2. When nonsplinted restorations were loaded on the first or third implant, stresses were increased in the apex and cervical region of loaded implant. Regardless of interproximal contact tightness level, stresses were not distributed among the three implants. But with tighter interproximal contact, stresses were increased in the cervical region of loaded first or third implant. 3. When the nonsplinted restorations were not loaded, there were little stresses on the supporting structure of implants, but low level stresses were shown in the splinted restorations even after sectioning and soldering. 4. With splinted restorations, there were little differences in stresses between different crown lengths. When splinted restorations were loaded, stresses were increased slightly on the loaded implant, but relatively even stress distribution occurred among the three implants. Conclusions: Splinting the crowns of adjacent implants is recommended for Endopore implants under the overloading situation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.817-827
• /
• 2006

Purpose : This study was designed 1) to compare the perception of dental professionals and lay people with respect to minor variations in maxillary anterior tooth size and alignment and their relation to the surrounding soft tissues, and 2) to evaluate the normal tooth-gingiva topographical relationships in periodontally healthy young subjects, Materials and methods : Maxillary anterior teeth were intentionally diagrammed in varying degree of deviation with respect to one of three common anterior esthetic discrepancies including variations in crown length, shape of gingival margin, and length of interproximal contact, 17 images were generated to be preferentially selected by 2 groups consisting of dental professionals and lay people (total of 740). Smiling photographs of 120 dental students who had healthy periodontium were taken and the photographic images were analyzed to be classified as 17 kinds of altered image groups. Results : The results demonstrated noticeable difference between the varying levels of discrepancy. Both group preferred gingival margin of lateral incisor to be 0.5mm lower than that of central incisor. Lay people preferred the gingival margin shape that has 2/9 horizontal component of the crown width, while dental professionals preferred the gingival margin shape that has 1/9 horizontal component of the crown width. Lay people preferred longer length of the interproximal contact (two thirds of the crown length), whereas dental professionals preferred shorter length of the interproximal contact (half of the crown length). Photographic analysis of normal esthetic gingival topography revealed 2/9 horizontal component and short length of the interproximal contact which was of the hybrid nature of the preferences shared by lay people and dental professionals. Conclusion: The results of this study show that dental professionals and lay people demonstrated significant difference in their preference of dental esthetic components, which may then influence the decision making process by dental professionals with respect to designing the anterior esthetic gingival line.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.62 no.1
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2024

Interproximal contact loss (ICL) is the most frequent complication in partially edentulous patients treated with implant-supported prostheses. However, in most cases, ICL occurs between the implant prosthesis and the natural tooth due to the movement of the natural tooth. There are several causes of ICL that occur between an implant prosthesis and a natural tooth. There are only a few reported cases of ICL occurring between implant prostheses, and explaining the causes of ICL between implant prostheses and natural teeth is challenging. This clinical report describes cases of ICL between implant prostheses and discusses its causes and countermeasures.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.154-163
• /
• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate relapse tendency after orthodontic treatment and determine the contributing factors by using the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (ABO-OGS). Methods: The subjects were 80 patients with more than 2 years of retention period after completing orthodontic treatment at the dental hospitals of Busan University, Kyunghee University, and Dankook University. The posttreatment (T2) and post-retention (T3) ABO-OGS measurements were analyzed in relation to age, gender, Angle's classification, extraction, retention period, and pretreatment condition (initial peer assessment rating (PAR) index, T1) by multiple regression analysis. Results: Among the 7 ABO-OGS criteria, alignment worsened but occlusal contact and interproximal contact improved in T3, but not in T2 ($p$ < 0.01). The 4 other criteria showed no significant differences. Multiple regression analysis showed that alignment, occlusal relationship, overjet, and interproximal contact were significant linear models, but with a low explanation power. Age, gender, Angle's classification, extraction, retention period, and pretreatment condition (initial PAR index, T1) had little influence on the ABO-OGS changes between T3 and T2. Conclusions: An orthodontist's understanding of posttreatment relapse tendency can be useful in diagnosis and during patient consultation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.119-125
• /
• 1999

Conventional interproximal stripping using abrasive strips is normally limited to the anterior teeth. The strips must be forced between the contact points of the teeth creating patient discomfort and the risk of cutting gingival tissue. Air-rotor stripping(ARS) with Essix anterior anchor enables the clinician to remove a precise amount of interproximal enamel to create space, primarily in the buccal quadrants, for aligning or retracting teeth. In selected cases, ARS can resolve significant differences in ratios of tooth site to arch length, and the technique can become an alternative to extraction or expansion. ARS can create substantially more space than that is usually obtained by conventional interproximal stripping, and it can be done at any time during treatment without discomfort to the patient and without adversely affecting the function of the dentition, interocclusal relations, or tooth form.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.625-631
• /
• 2001

The anatomic structure around interproximal area plays an important role not only in the natural teeth, but also in the implant. The loss of papilla can lead to cosmetic deformity, phonetic problem, food impaction on the anterior dentition, and masticatory problem, food impaction and proximal caries on the posterior dentition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between interdental papilla existence and distance from contact point to alveolar crest in Korean posteior dentition. 45 Korean adult patients(31males, 14 females) participated in this study. Measurements were carreid out total 126 interproximal areas, 18 first premolar, 31 second premolar, 40 first molar, and 37 second molar areas. Papilla index was recorded as suggested by Jemt. Distance between contact point and alveolar crest measrued by Florida $probe^{R}$, after flap elevation. Each distance was measured 10 times by every 0.1mm unit. The results showed that the mean Papilla index 1.37 and mean distance between contact point and alveolar crest was 7.44mm. The correlation between the Papilla index and distance was high negative correlation(Pearson correlation=-0.47), and it was statistically significant(P=0.000) When the distance between contact point and alveolar crest was 5mm, the loss of papilla was appeared almost in half cases. When the distance was 6mm, the papilla loss was present 95%, when 7mm, the papilla loss was 100%.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.150.2-150.2
• /
• 1990