• 통상정보연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.305-324
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• 2017

최근 해외시장 개척을 위한 산학협력 방식의 무역교육은 현상은 무역인력의 질적 수준 향상과 중소기업의 수출성과에 큰 기여를 하고 있다. 그러나 수출 초보기업과 수출 경험이 없는 대학생들이 함께 해외시장 개척에 나섰을 경우 항상 좋은 성과만 있는 것은 아니다. 체계적인 교육과 준비과정이 없는 해외시장 개척 활동은 사실상 예산과 시간 낭비가 될 수 있고 성과를 기대할 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 GTEP, LINC, 중소기업청 사업 등 해외시장 개척 산학협력 경험자 30명을 대상으로 집단 인터뷰를 실시하여 산학협력에 필요한 각 단계별 모형을 도출하였다. 학생선발, 협력기업 네트워킹, 학생교육, 해외시장조사, 전시회 발굴, 전시회 준비, 전시회 파견, 사후 관리 8단계의 모형을 제시하였고 각 단계별 진행사항 및 유의사항을 전문가들의 의견을 종합하여 정리하였다. 구체적인 내용은 해외시장 개척 산학협력을 처음 시작하거나 성과를 높이고자 하는 각 대학 사업단 관계자들이 직접 적용할 수 있는 부분이다.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2015

The study examined the socio-economic factors influencing the participation of rural farming households in barter trade in Ondo State, Nigeria. The objectives were to compare the socio-economic characteristics of the participants and non-participants in barter trade, analyze the preference for barter trade and identify the constraints to it. Also, the factors affecting respondents' participation in barter trade were identified. Empirical results indicated that there were significant differences in the socio-economic characteristics of the participants and non-participants in barter trade. The SWOT analysis showed that possession of agrarian attributes by the locality where the trade is practiced was the strongest factor ensuring the survival of barter in the study area. Double coincidence of wants was found to be the most prevailing weakness associated with barter while the major reason for participation by some households was that the quantity of commodities received is usually higher compared with cash transactions. Transportation cost to barter markets was found to be the greatest threat to the continued existence of barter trade in the area. The results of the Probit model showed that age, household size, transportation cost to cash markets, farm size, distance to barter markets, and formal education significantly affected the probability participating in barter trade.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.79-101
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• 2012

In 2010, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) initiated work on the settlement of disputes in international e-commerce through online dispute resolution (ODR). The basic goal is to use ODR to resolve disputes with low value but high volume in international e-commerce. The background is that consumers have no way to solve their legal problems in this area. An ODR system is intended to create a new way to enforce their rights. However, the legal situations of the countries in the e-commerce sector, particularly in consumer protection, are very diverse. Thus, no reasonable model for conflict resolution is available. Some countries consider this as public policy and want absolute protection of their consumers. Other countries want to encourage freer e-commerce trading. This diversity of consumer protection policy is an obstacle to ODR. However, sooner or later, reaching an agreement is feasible because each representative is making a reasonable effort to reach the goal.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제47권
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• pp.213-237
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to analysis the legal aspects of e-commerce, particularly those relate to electronic contract, in China On 23 November 2005, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts, known popularly as the Electronic Communications Convention. China signed it but the convention is not binding yet as it still requires the ratification by three states. On the other hand, China adopted a new act legalizing the electronic signature in 2004. This new act provides electronic signatures with the same legal status as handwritten signatures. But the efficiencies that business hopes to achieve through electronic commerce are not completely reflected in the legal processes necessary to support those hopes.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.91-113
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• 2017

UN Convention on International Sale of Goods (CISG) and International Commercial Arbitration aim at the promotion and facilitation of international trade. Both of them share similar general principles; i.e., party autonomy and pacta sunt servanda. Also they are often applied concurrently in the case of the international commercial trade. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether the CISG could apply the formation of the arbitration clause that is included in the main contract governed by CISG. Sellers and buyers have freedom of designating choice of law that is applied to their contracts. An international arbitration agreement is presumed to be separable from the contract in which it is found. However, arbitration clauses commonly form part of a general contract. Thus, the CISG is intended to be applied to dispute resolution clauses, including arbitration clause even if it is not completely suitable. Notably, there is a fundamental distinction between the CISG and arbitration. The CISG abolished the formalities of contract. New York convention requires Contracting States' Courts to enforce written international agreements to arbitrate.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.249-275
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• 2018

Today's Internet environment is growing rapidly, and transactions based on it are also rapidly increasing. E-commerce allows merchants and consumers in different countries to easily trade goods across borders. However, the increase in international consumer transactions through the Internet is accompanied by an increase in disputes. International consumer transactions are characterized by a distinction among long distance, small sum, and different jurisdictions. International consumer transactions cannot be solved only by way of resolving disputes in past international transactions. The best way to resolve disputes between international carriers and consumers is through the Internet. In this regard, UNCITRAL has been preparing to enact legislation on ODR as a solution to international electronic trade disputes and, as a result, UNCITRAL adopted guidelines for operating the ODR procedure for building the ODR platform. The European Union has also increased its disputes in the European Union, which is active in the intra-regional market. Institutional improvements were made to solve this problem; therefore, the European Union (EU) has enacted the ODR Regulations for EU consumer disputes. Based on such, this study constructed the ODR platform, which is used as a way to resolve consumer disputes in the regional market.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.92-107
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• 2021

Purpose - This paper analyzes the relationship between trade facilitation and agricultural products exports and estimates the effects of trade facilitation in importing countries on Chinese agricultural products exports, which is of great significance for promoting agricultural trade between China,Japan and Korea and the governments of the three countries to formulate targeted trade facilitation policies. Design/methodology - Based on Wilson (2003) theoretical framework, this paper sets up its own trade facilitation level measurement system by involving four primary indicators and fifteen secondary indicators to evaluate the trade facilitation levels of Japan and Korea from 2011 to 2018 respectively. The paper selected the data on China's agricultural exports at the HS4 level from 2011-2018 and used a fixed-effects model to estimate the effect of changes in trade facilitation levels in trading partner countries on China's agricultural trade. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: the level of trade facilitation in importing countries has a significantly positive effect on China's agricultural exports. The higher the level of trade facilitation in trading partner countries, the more Chinese agricultural exports trade, i.e. for every 1 percentage point increase in the level of trade facilitation, the volume of exports will increase by 2.299%.The sub-sample test shows that China's main agricultural products exported to Japan and Korea, such as aquatic products, vegetables, fruits and other perishable fresh products, are particularly significantly affected by the level of trade facilitation. Originality/value - First, from the innovation of the research perspective, which is different from the analysis of the existing paper on the overall trade facilitation of all traded commodities. This article is based on the close trade relations between China, Japan and Korea, and the particularity of agricultural products, from the perspective of China's agricultural exports to Japan and Korea, discuss the impact of importing countries-Japan and Korea's trade facilitation levels on China's agricultural exports;Secondly, in this paper, the hierarchical data of the HS4 quartile is used to avoid the information loss of the industry, and to analyse the impact of the importing country's trade facilitation level on the export of different types of agricultural products more scientifically.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.321-349
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• 2004

Bolero Project initially had the support of TEDIS, and now is a joint-venture between SWIFT and IT Club. After the successful testing of an original pilot project, The Bolero Association was formed in 1995 by a group of interested cross industry companies. A Bolero Bill of Lading replicates the basic functions of a paper-based bill of lading via title registry service and core messaging platform. A Bolero Bill of Lading consists of BBL Text and Title Registry Record. A Tittle Registry Record carries out the function of a document of title and a BBL may be transferred by changing the roles of users in this Title Registry Record. TEDI Project had been conducted from the April 1999 to the September 2000 on the basis of the EDEN Project(Dec.97- Mar. 1999) and International Trade Guidances Project (Nov. 1998-Mar. 1999). Through TEDI Project, the RSP Model was introduced as e-trade solution like Bolero's Solution. The RSP Model Solution will be furnished through TC (Trade Chain) Server and RSP(Repository Service Provider) Server. The purpose of this paper is to study the problems and solutions in the pilot test of electronic Bill of Lading using TEDI's RSP and to promote the introduction of electronic Bill of Lading.

• 정보학연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.149-162
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• 1999

최근 정보통신기술 및 통신인프라의 발전은 의사나 정보의 교환방식에 급격한 변화를 가져왔다. 즉, 기존에 종이서류에 의존하던 국제무역이 전자적 방식에 의한 정보, 문서의 교환이라 할 수 있는 전자문서교환(Electronic Data Interchange; EBI)에 의해 그 절차가 간소화되었다. EDI를 통한 무역절차의 간소화 및 국제표준화에 대하여 UN구주경제위원회(UN/ECE)·무역확대위원회(CDT)산하에 있는 무역절차간소화작업부회(WP.4)의 활동을 중심으로 고찰한다. 제시한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2021

Purpose: During the pandemic, a large number of orders forced online retailers of fresh produce to quickly change their emergency logistics capabilities to meet the needs of ordinary consumers during the pandemic. Our research aims to help online retailers establish an emergency physical distribution framework for fresh produce during disasters to meet consumer needs. Research design and methodology: 160 effective responses were collected from the online response team in Wuhan, China, and exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the emergency logistics capability framework. Twelve experts were invited online to collect their scoring opinions and use the entropy method to determine the importance of emergency logistics capabilities. Results: Our results have identified a total of 17 emergency logistics factors for online retailers, and we found that Transportation route planning and reconstruction capabilities, Emergency plan planning ability, and Supply chain real-time information sharing capability are the most important in the overall framework. Conclusions: This research completely established the physical distribution framework of fresh agricultural products online retailer in emergency situations. It enriches academic resources in the field of emergency distribution and provides a scientific basis for corporate managers to improve their physical distribution capabilities in emergency situations.