• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.744-751
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• 2022

Construction is among the most dangerous industries with numerous accidents occurring at job sites. Following an accident, an investigation report is issued, containing all of the specifics. Analyzing the text information in construction accident reports can help enhance our understanding of historical data and be utilized for accident prevention. However, the conventional method requires a significant amount of time and effort to read and identify crucial information. The previous studies primarily focused on analyzing related objects and causes of accidents rather than the construction activities. This study aims to extract construction activities taken by workers associated with accidents by presenting an automated framework that adopts a deep learning-based approach and natural language processing (NLP) techniques to automatically classify sentences obtained from previous construction accident reports into predefined categories, namely TRADE (i.e., a construction activity before an accident), EVENT (i.e., an accident), and CONSEQUENCE (i.e., the outcome of an accident). The classification model was developed using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) showed a robust accuracy of 88.7%, indicating that the proposed model is capable of investigating the occurrence of accidents with minimal manual involvement and sophisticated engineering. Also, this study is expected to support safety assessments and build risk management systems.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2017

Purpose - This research aims to examine the effect of e-business adoption on firm's growth and profitability in the distribution industry. The value added from the distribution industry acts as the cost of other industries. As the distribution industry develops, its stage becomes shorter and the distribution margin becomes smaller. Therefore, e-business is expected to have a different effect on the distribution industry than other industries. Research design, data and methodology - The previous research generally used e-business adoption as an independent variable and firm's performance as a dependent variable. This study elaborated the model using a dynamic panel model that includes the performance variable of the previous year as an independent variable. By employing system GMM (Generalized Method of Moments), the endogeneity problem in the dynamic panel model can be solved. For the analysis, I extracted the distribution companies as the raw data in the National Statistical Office's Business Activity Survey over the period 2006 to 2012. Results - The growth rate of firms adopting e-business was 0.299%p higher than that of the non-adopter. However, only ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), KMS (Knowledge Management System) and SCM (Supply Chain Management) contributed positively to the growth rate. In the case of profitability, it was 0.04%p higher than the distribution companies that did not adopt e-business. ERP and LMS (Learning Management System) improve profitability, while SCM reduces profitability. Consequently, while ERP improves both growth and profitability, SCM improves growth but reduces profitability. In addition, KMS improves firm's growth only, and LMS does only profitability, showing that each e-business has a differentiated effect. Conclusions - Since the distribution industry has different characteristics from manufacturing and other service industries, the introduction of e-business may not guarantee the growth and profitability of distribution companies. Careful introduction considering the characteristics of the distribution industry is required. In particular, it is necessary to select an e-business meeting the characteristics and needs of a distribution company, and thereafter, it is required for the company's own efforts to internalize it within the system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.474-485
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants and elements to enhance Korean international competitiveness, employing Porter's(1998) Diamond Model. Half of the 500 leading apparel exporters that were members of the Korea Apparel Industry Association in 2003 were selected as the target of this research. From May to June of 2003, survey questionnaires were sent to executives of these 250 companies in person or by telephone, e-mail, or fax. Seventy questionnaires were used for the final data anlysis. The items used were Reliability, Categorical Regression, and Frequency, using SPSS 11.5. The results were as follows: First, as a result of analyzing the influence of international competitiveness in Korean apparel industry, the firm's strategy, structure, and rivalry was the most influential factor. Others were related and supporting industries, government, chance, demand conditions, and factor conditions. Also, the elements that affect Korean international competitiveness were listed as the level of price competition in foreign markets, the level of labor cost, export marketing capacity, and exchange fluctuation. The most important element to improve the international competitiveness of the Korean apparel industry was a demand growth rate of the overseas markets(Demand Conditions), followed by the level of the labor costs(Factor Conditions), the capability of internationalization(Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry), the change of currency(Chance), the quality and management of products(Demand Conditions), the capability of planning products(Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry), free trade from 2005(Chance), and global sourcing strategy(Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry). Korea's main rival country in apparel related and supporting industry factors is China. However, Korea has a higher level of technology development, quality, and price level than China.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-34
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• 2016

This introduction is both a statement of a research problem and an account of the first research results for its solution. As more historical databases come online and overlap in coverage, we need to discuss the two main issues that prevent 'big' results from emerging so far. Firstly, historical data are seen by computer science people as unstructured, that is, historical records cannot be easily decomposed into unambiguous fields, like in population (birth and death records) and taxation data. Secondly, machine-learning tools developed for structured data cannot be applied as they are for historical research. We propose a complex network, narrative-driven approach to mining historical databases. In such a time-integrated network obtained by overlaying records from historical databases, the nodes are actors, while thelinks are actions. In the case study that we present (the world as seen from Venice, 1205-1533), the actors are governments, while the actions are limited to war, trade, and treaty to keep the case study tractable. We then identify key periods, key events, and hence key actors, key locations through a time-resolved examination of the actions. This tool allows historians to deal with historical data issues (e.g., source provenance identification, event validation, trade-conflict-diplomacy relationships, etc.). On a higher level, this automatic extraction of key narratives from a historical database allows historians to formulate hypotheses on the courses of history, and also allow them to test these hypotheses in other actions or in additional data sets. Our vision is that this narrative-driven analysis of historical data can lead to the development of multiple scale agent-based models, which can be simulated on a computer to generate ensembles of counterfactual histories that would deepen our understanding of how our actual history developed the way it did. The generation of such narratives, automatically and in a scalable way, will revolutionize the practice of history as a discipline, because historical knowledge, that is the treasure of human experiences (i.e. the heritage of the world), will become what might be inherited by machine learning algorithms and used in smart cities to highlight and explain present ties and illustrate potential future scenarios and visionarios.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.227-245
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• 2014

It was ten yeas ago that Bolero Bill of Lading was been introduced on the base of efforts of UN and CMI to solve the crisis of Bill of Lading, but Electronic Bill of Lading is not utilized in practice owing to the problems to be settled. Bolero Bill of Lading is not in widespread use owing to absence of collaboration model between Bolero and e-Trade service providers in each nation in the early stage. In the situation that Bolero Bill of Lading is not utilized in practice, Korean Commercial Law regulates the designation of the registration authority of Electronic Bill of Lading. Therefore, the Minister of Justice designated KTNET as Registration Authority of Electronic Bill of Lading and KTNET opened the e-B/L Korea (www.eblkorea.or.kr) to provide the Electronic Bill of Lading service to domestic trade community. But there is many problems in supplying the Electronic Bill of Lading service by the e-B/L Korea in compared with Bolero Bill of Lading. These problems are related with the characteristics of designation of Registration authority of Electronic Bill of Lading. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to contribute to the activation of Electronic Bill of Lading domestically by studying the designation of Registration authority of Electronic Bill of Lading in Korea and finding the characteristics of the designation and the issues and problems regarding the characteristics.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

Rural communities have been isolated from social and economic changes underway in the broader society. Trends towed an urbanized society have depopulated many rural areas (Flora, et al, 1992). The South Korean government has targeted efforts toward an urban centered economic development policy, which has neglected the rural areas. The South Korean government also has indoctrinated rural community development with a quick-fix approach. Self-directed economic organizations based in rural South Korea began to emerge in the late 1980s. Since the 1980s, South Korean agricultural sectors have been overshadowed by globalism. McMichael (1996) stated that rural communities have two options. A immunity should either End its niche (i.e. the commodities or products that can have advantages in the international trade market) or protest against globalism to survive if rural communities fail to find a niche under globalism. South Korean neat communities did not have enough natural resources nor enough money to invest for their rural community economic development programs. These limitations made it difficult for South Korean coral communities to compete in a global economic environment. Israel, Coleman, and Ilvento (1993) stated that local leadership is a critical component in the ability of communities to respond to lang-standing problems and emerging needs. Swinth and Alexander (1990) asserted that rural leaders are critical actors in rural community development. Whether rural communities succeed in finding their niche or not, the role of rural community leaders is important for rural communities to find ways to cope in the international agriculture market.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

With CJK FTA as a starting point, this paper mainly studied the role of the logistics legal system in promoting marine industrial cooperation, facilitating investment trade, establishing international transport logistics, building marine economy international cooperation demonstration zone and deepening the economic and financial cooperation between China, Japan and Korea, and explored the way to establish an integrated logistics system between China, Japan and Korea to match the e-commerce certification system, online payment system and logistics distribution, thereby gradually promoting economic development and logistics integration in Northeast Asia, improving logistics efficiency, reducing logistics costs and establishing a unified logistics industry standardization system. This will accelerate logistics industry integration in Northeast Asia, build a unified logistics management center in Northeast Asia, and promote a new model of integrated logistics cooperation in Northeast Asia. Therefore, it has a practical and reference significance. In short, the improvement for the logistics legal system in CJK FTA is not the responsibility of a country or several countries. It concerns the development and prosperity for the logistics industry in the three countries and is an inevitable choice to promote the vigorous development of CJK FTA and economic take-off of each country.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.56
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• pp.29-54
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• 2012

As market is more and more mature, the survival environment of exporting companies is getting severer, which throws exporting companies into great pressures of the process of growth and development. For most businessmen, the hardest part of starting a foreign business is to find buyers or to get customers, which is more critical for small and medium-size foreign enterprises. The fast changes of internal and external trade and market circumstances, together with the advent of e-commerce, led to the diversified of the way to find foreign buyers for exporting companies. But the performance differs in using different ways of finding foreign buyers. Therefore, this study examines the status of the methods of finding foreign buyers and performance of exporting companies in China. Based on the investigation of the ways of finding foreign buyers, this study tries to find out the most efficient ways of finding foreign buyers for them. And this study tries to propose some practical suggestions for the exporting companies based on the analysis that will help them to improve companies' performances.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.89-110
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• 2001

Recent trends in globalization and informatization underscore the importance of logistics. As a result, there is a need for skilled and specialized logisticians. Third Party Logistics (TPL) and Supply Chain Management (SCM) require logisticians with a broad base of knowledge in areas such as multimodal transport, international trade, information technology computers, finance, operations management, etc. This study conducted a survey to find out the opinions of demanders and suppliers. The results of the surrey show that there are more skilled logisticians in the field of management, computer works in manager level and system management. The survey also found that the certificate exam, which the Ministry of Construction and Transportation started in 1997 as the "Certified Logistics Manager" exam, should have more questions in areas such as foreign languages, computers, logistics information, management skills, etc. To produce better logisticians in Korea, the government will have to invest more into their education, especially near the major ports and metropolitan areas. In addition, it is important that universities and companies work together to provide students with internship and other field-experience teaming opportunities. Logistics education centers should be built at the national level. In addition, the existing certification should be divided into two separate certifications: one for ordinary logistics, and one for international logistics. To further improve the certification system, short-answer or essay questions should be added to the second exam, and an additional certification for the highest level logisticians, a so-called "professional logisticians certificate," needs to be introduced.ntroduced.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.225-229
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• 2015

Echinochloa colona is one of the most problematic weeds in the paddy fields of the world. In recent years, this species is likely to be introduced in Korea due to global warming, the expansion of international trade including agricultural products, and increasing tourists. We tried to identify the species from Korean Echinochloa crus-galli and E. oryzicola in order to establish the control measures in case of the initial influx. For this study, Echinochloa colona collected from the National Plant Germplasm System, USA were examined and E. crus-galli and E. oryzicola were collected in Korea. It is, however, very difficult to identify for Echinochloa species using morphological characters because of numerous interspecific and intraspecific types found in nature. Thus, we barcoded the species using rbcL, matK, and ITS. All three markers identified E. colona very well from the others. ITS alone may be enough as a DNA barcode for E. colona identification, when considering cost and effectiveness. The barcode sequences were deposited to the National Center for Biotechnology Information database for public use.