• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.23-41
• /
• 2004

It is estimated that electronic commerce facilitates international trade and lower transaction cost and help firms make the best of the opportunities of market access. The comprehensive programs had been implemented to provide better electronic commerce environments by international organizations such as OECD, UNCITRAL, APEC, ICC and etc. Especially, WTO plays the most important role to implement efficient forms and rules on electronic commerce after Doha Ministerial Conference. Member countries recognize the need to conduct the electronic commerce in compliance with the principles and rules of WTO. However, there are many issues to be solved such as the clarifications of concepts and definitions, the possibility of adaptation of technological neutrality in GATS, the imposition of taxation in electronic commerce transactions and the methods of protecting copying as well as trademark. The Implementation of concrete forms and rules of electronic commerce in the WTO will be influential to international trade as the member countries have to adapt them in their transactions. Considering that further discussion will be continued in GATS, we need to analyze the problems and strategies for electronic commerce. As there are not concrete international laws for e-commerce, the existing laws must be revised and changed and each country need to present the enactment direction of e-commerce law to streamline e-commerce and to prevent trading partners from conflicting due to legal problems.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.97-113
• /
• 2005

Korea has actively promoted the Comprehensive Plan for the e-Hub. The policies of Korean government could promote the e-business environment and market conditions in legal and infrastructure terms, but not much of business itself. The reason for this limited success in the e-Trade may result from the broken linkage between government policies and business strategies as well as the business and technical innovation. In this paper, we analyzes the more effective and economic solution for this recovery of broken link in terms of Metamediary. The most successful role of metamediary should compose of three functions - facilitator, collaborator and web service provider. Each of these function is clarified in more detail with the emphasis on the collaboration between the Universities and the government-supported corporations.

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.159-176
• /
• 2005

The Purpose of this Article is to analyze the special settlement and electronic settlement system in the international trade. First, Factoring is a fast, easy and flexible way to improve a company's cash flow and generate working capital for the company. Factoring can be short-term or part of an ongoing financing program. New companies can benefit as well, since there is no requirement for a long-term credit history. Second, Forfaiting is a method of trade financing that allows exporters to obtain cash and be free of all risks by selling their medium term receivables on a 'without recourse' basis. Forfaiting can be an alternative to export credit or insurance cover, especially for those transactions in which the export credit agency is not open to a particular country and/or bank. Third, The Bolero System is jointly financed by SWIFT(Society for World International Financial Telecommunications) which handles most of the electronic funds transfer for banks, and the Through Transport Mutual Assurance Association(the TT Club), a mutual insurance association most of whose members are drawn from the Multimodal transport industry or transport intermediaries. Fourth, TradeCard is a payment and settlement system that is an alternative to letters of crdeit. That is, TradeCard is a business-to-business e-commerce infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to conduct and settle international trade transactions securely over the Internet.

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.55-69
• /
• 2001

TradeCard is a B2B (business-to-business) e-commerce infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to conduct and settle international trade transactions securely over the Internet. and objective of TradeCard is to provide a secure, reliable, cost-effective and user-friendly solution for conducting and settling international trade transactions. This paper analyzes the reviews of TradeCard by Electronic Message and the various problems which come to application of TradeCard, with particular attention to existing international frameworks for payment systems based on Documentary Credit.

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.85-105
• /
• 2003

The study revealed that the companies are still reluctant to stop using document-based payment methods although they are aware the use of electronic payment system would reduce express and save time. Considering problems that are suggested in the conventional payment method, more companies will introduce and utilize the electronic payment system. Moreover, as the refined electronic payment system is essential in electronic trade, active studies on this field would greatly contribute to the development of electronic payment system. The prevailing settlement of international trade still relies on trading documents while the legal issues are not finalized for electronic bill of lading (B/L) and electronic bill. This research purpose on comparing some e-trading models in character and presenting the obstacles of e-trading activation and the solutions. e-trading models this research has studied are BOLERO, TradeCard, electronic L/C etc. Comparing characteristic points of the e-trading model in this article are as follows; 1)Access ways as a global e-trading model, 2)Structural and Functional characteristic, 3)Role as a global e-trading model, 5)Legal and Application issues in practice, 6)Security issues for Technology. But Further studies on this subject would be needed.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.243-263
• /
• 2004

Recently, International electronic commerce has been rapidly increasing. Over the past decade, e-commerce on the business foundation of the Internet compound has entered extensive areas of international trade and social activity. This paper focuses on the system establishment of customs duties of import goods in Global e-Commerce. Today, USA, EU and some major countries, International Organization insisted to Tariff-free woe in customs duty. This study also will discuss the effect of imposition of import duties. In order to impose customs duties, it needs to establish a system scheme, especially, because international payment of BtoC Commerce occur by the Credit Card. This study deals with Customs duties of import goods in Global e-Commerce.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.137-159
• /
• 2022

This study aims to analyze international trade papers published in Korea during the past 2002-2022 years. Through this study, it is possible to understand the main subject and direction of research in Korea's international trade field. As the research mythologies, this study uses the big data analysis such as the text mining and Social Network Analysis such as frequency analysis, several centrality analysis, and topic analysis. After analyzing the empirical results, the frequency of key word is very high in trade, export, tariff, market, industry, and the performance of firm. However, there has been a tendency to include logistics, e-business, value and chain, and innovation over the time. The degree and closeness centrality analyses also show that the higher frequency key words also have been higher in the degree and closeness centrality. In contrast, the order of eigenvector centrality seems to be different from those of the degree and closeness centrality. The ego network shows the density of business, sale, exchange, and integration appears to be high in order unlike the frequency analysis. The topic analysis shows that the export, trade, tariff, logstics, innovation, industry, value, and chain seem to have high the probabilities of included in several topics.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.85-107
• /
• 2010

A comprehensive electronic trade portal such as the electronic bills of lading, e-negotiations and so on, is developed by the Korea Ministry of Knowledge Economy and International Trade Association and serviced by KTNET. The portal, so called u-TradeHub, formally started to provide its services on 22nd May, 2009. If the shipper issues electronic bills of lading, the negotiating bank examines it through the established e-Nego system. However, the issuing bank overseas cannot examine the electronic bills of lading, because any interactive system does not exist. So, after the e-Nego, the electronic bills of lading gets automatically transformed into the paper-type electronic bills of lading and issuing bank examine paper B/L. In process of examining documents, the beneficiary using electronic means in letter of credit transactions may face some risks such as the corruption to the electronic bill of lading after its issuance by the carrier, the corruption after e-Nego and the corruption after the presentation to the issuing bank. In this paper, we studied the problems on corruptions to occur in the middle of the examination process of the electronic bills of lading and suggestions how to solve them are discussed.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.44
• /
• pp.213-238
• /
• 2009

This thesis examines the problems faced in the clearance procedures of Korea's e-customs system for which improvements are necessary, and suggests various ways of overcoming those problems. Practical implications regarding the advancement of Korea's e-customs system are as follows. First, the substructure of the e-customs clearance system, which is the basis for the establishment of a global single window, should be developed into a more modern and advanced system. Second, additional improvements in the law are required to render the broad array of Internet-based export and import documents legally binding. Third, customized services should be provided in order to improve the operating efficiency of the e-customs clearance system. Fourth, the reputation of Korea's e-customs clearance system should be raised via the strengthening of a cooperative system between concerned parties, including exporters and importers. This innovative approach to systematic improvements will come about when we can simplify current customs clearance procedures and establish a fairer customs inspection administration regime. Additionally, when we review the methods intrinsic to our customs system, we must emphasize the urgency of proper completion of related systems and arrangements in the trade business and similar fields.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.25-39
• /
• 2008

Global e-SCM (electronic Supply Chain Management) has become an important business strategy in a rapidly changing global competition environment. It encompasses both domestic business and overseas business. Overseas business, including B2B and B2G, involves the complex trade procedures across countries. So, the standardization of electronic documents (messages) and business processes is one of critical factors for the successful implementation of global e-SCM. Without standardized messages and streamlined business processes, the benefits of global e-SCM would not be guaranteed because of human intervention like re-keying business data, which may create errors, delay processes, cause additional data or procedures, etc. Thus, this paper is to review the implementation challenges of Global e-SCM, to address the needs for electronic information flows through the standardization in electronic documents and business processes for fast and accurate trade transactions in the global supply chain activities, and to assert the importance of adoption of international standards.