• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.73-88
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• 1995

I. Introduction II. State of vessel-source marine pollution 1. Pollution by tanker accidents 2. Pollution by tanker operations 3. Pollution by chemicals 4. Pollution by garbage and sewage III. Regulatory regime for ship safety and vessel-source 1. Regime for ship safety 2. Regime for vessel-source marine pollution prevention IV. Cause analysis of Contemporary vessel-source marine pollution. 1. Diversity of interested parties of shipping 2. Fierce international competition of shipping 3. Wide variagions in ship safety indicators by natons 4. Limitation of enforcing oil spill activities 5. Limitation of international countermeasures V. Summary conclusions and suggestions Note and References

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.237-258
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• 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the risks of an over-concentration of supply chains in one country. It has motivated stakeholders to pursue diversification strategies. However, a paradox exists. Stakeholders have shied away from a complete decoupling and preferring to selectively enhance economic ties with China. This article explores this paradox by examining supply chain concentration in China as a form of asymmetric interdependence and the countermeasures from the U.S., Japan, Australia, and India to minimize vulnerabilities. It argues that while the COVID-19 disruptions have brought to light the risk of supply chain overconcentration in China, countermeasures are also driven by coercive diplomacy and the deepening U.S.-China rivalry. The paper also examines the feasibility of diversification efforts by focusing on the capacity and capabilities of alternative supply chain hubs. It finds that while states are actively seeking ways to prevent China from using asymmetric interdependence of supply chains and trade to gain political leverage, there are structural limits to the degree of diversification in the short to mid-term.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2021

Due to rapid environmental-change pharmaceutical industry, sales strategy for sales survival of pharmaceutical company is necessary. In accordance with the rapid development of medicine and advancement of efforts to secure the market, competition among pharmaceutical companies make an effort to achieve their goals. However, due to various negative influence of inside and outside, this field is getting a difficult occupation. Even when securing and training new employees with quite a bit of expense and time, the rate of surviving employees over 1 year is decreasing. For this, the researcher suggested major research result through actual investigation by utilizing survey technique, and a plan to enhance pharmaceutical company salespersons' core competence and raise sales achievement. As the research result, company culture strongly influences salespersons' sales ability. We defined the formation of organizational culture, which influences communication culture where smooth communication is made in the company, also, definite and exact evaluation in promoting work, and trust formation between upper and lower organization, is important, which should be reflected in the company field.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.283-289
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• 2022

The main purpose of the study is to determine the main aspects of the introduction of modern technologies in the personnel management system in the context of the development of the digital economy. The human factor is one of the most important resources of any organization, which has a significant impact on the success of its activities. It is people who are the source of advantages that provide the company with victory in the competition. Therefore, the primary task of the organization's management should be the formation of effective personnel management systems. As a result, the main features of the introduction of modern technologies into the personnel management system in the context of the development of the digital economy were identified.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.30-49
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• 2022

As industrialized countries transition into knowledge economies, there is a rising demand for talent and innovation. Support for start-ups through incubation, acceleration, and venture capital has turned into a key area of investment, with public and private actors searching for the next unicorn. This article examines start-up visas as an emerging policy tool in the global competition for highly innovative entrepreneurs. The study builds on a sample of eight national start-up immigration programs and applies human-capital citizenship (Ellermann, 2020) as a guiding framework. The article first proposes a conceptualization of start-up visas, suggesting that innovation and entrepreneurship also be considered in the theorization of skills. Second, the study examines the implications of start-up visas for international mobility. By focusing on the logic of entry requirements and subsequent benefits accrued through the status as a start-up founder, the findings of this study highlight the role of start-up visas in expanding privileged pathways to cross-border mobility. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for policy and research concerned with the international mobility of start-ups

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2022

As the perception of sports activities changes positively, the desire and popularity for sports activities are rapidly increasing. Therefore, the popularity of sporting events is also increasing. Previous studies on sporting events have focused only on research in the field of social sciences. Therefore, in this study, in order to increase customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of sports event visitors, they were classified into challenge factors, competition factors, achievement factors, and relationship factors, and their effects on satisfaction and loyalty were studied and analyzed. And based on the research design model and empirical analysis, a user-based sports event matching system was proposed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.89-94
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• 2022

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the system of digital management of labor resources in the context of ensuring personnel security and economic development. In the context of the digital transformation of the economy, much attention is paid to the creation of an innovative personnel management system, as the competition between organizations is intensifying, the victory in which guarantees greater economic benefits. Based on the results of the study, the features and key aspects of the digital management system of the enterprise's labor resources were characterized in the context of ensuring personnel security and economic development. Further research will include consideration of the practical aspects of the digital management system of the enterprise's labor resources.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.358-368
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• 2022

Social media is a window for everyone, individuals, communities, and companies to spread ideas and promote trends and products. With these opportunities, challenges and problems related to security, privacy and rights arose. Also, the data accumulated from social media has become a fertile source for many analytics, inference, and experimentation with new technologies in the field of data science. In this chapter, emphasis will be given to methods of trend analysis, especially ensemble learning methods. Ensemble learning methods embrace the concept of cooperation between different learning methods rather than competition between them. Therefore, in this chapter, we will discuss the most important trends in ensemble learning and their applications in analysing social media data and anticipating the most important future trends.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.986-991
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• 2005

Intense competition existing in construction market creates an industry that is dominated by the client groups. Numerous studies dealing with private clients' needs and expectations from contractor firms exist in the literature. However in the unique construction industry, in addition to clients, consultants as representatives of clients will almost always have very important roles to play as well. By presenting survey findings of 50 consultant firms, this study provides insights into consultants' general needs and expectations from contracting organizations on behalf of their clients by using the data from Northern Cyprus private building construction market.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.30-38
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• 2017

The main target to do this analysis is to find out the competitiveness between 2 countries(Korea and USA) in the ship business industry. Ever since free from Japanese empire domination of modern history in Korean peninsular, Korea has been strong relationship with USA almost every fields. The purpose of this research is to realize which country is more competitive between 2 country's trade structure. This research conducted for period from 2000 to 2016. Expecting effect is to learn how to improve ship industry for 2 countries. Research method is used by comparative advantage trade theory. Even though Koran government has been accomplishing trade stimulus environment against USA ship industry, it is research limitation that overseas productions both Korean & USA are not available due to company business strategy. From early 50's, every USA industries hold a dominant position so far. Now, Korea is comparative advantage against that of USA in the field of ship industry. Sound competition relationship is good for both 2 countries for mutual benefits. The future prospect is Korea needs export market diversification to enlarge economic growth in the long run.