• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.4
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• pp.7-35
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• 1992

The expansion of air transport on a global scale with ever increasing traffic densities has brought about problems that must be solved through new multilateral mechanisms. Looking to the immediate future, air transport will require new forms of international cooperation in technical and economic areas. Air transport by its very nature should have been a counterforce to nationalism. Yet, the regulatory system in civil aviation is still as firmly rooted in the principle of national sovereignty as when it was first proclaimed at t-11e Paris Convention of 1919 and reaffirmed in the Chicago Convention. Sovereignty over the airspace has remained the cornerstone of relations between states in all respects of air transport. The importance of sovereignty over air space embodied in article 1 of the Chicago Conrenton also is responsible for restricting the authority of ICAO as an intergovernmental regulatory agency. The Orgenization, for all its extensive efforts, has only limited authority. ICAO sets standards but cannot enforce them; it devises solutions but cannot impose them. To implement its rules ICAO most rely not so much on legal requirements as on the goodwill of states. It has been forty-eight years since international community set the foundations of the international system in civil aviation action. Profound political, economic and technological changes have taken place in air transport. The Chicago Convention is living proof that staes can work together to make air transport a safe mode of travel. The law governing international civil auiation is principally based on international treaties and on other regulation agreed to by governments, for the most part through the mechanism of ICAO. The role of ICAO international standards and recommended practices and procedures dealing with a broad range of technical matters could hardly be overestimated. The organization's ability to develop these standards and procedures, to adapt them continuously to the rapid sate of change and development of air transport, should be particularly stressed. The role of ICAO in the area of the development of multilateral conventions on international air law has been successful but to a certain degree. From the modest starting-point of the Tokyo Convention, we have seen more adequate international instruments prepared within the scope of ICAO activities, adopted: the Hague Convention of 1970 for the suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft and the Montreal Convention of 1971 for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation. The work of ICAO in the new domain of international law conventions concerning what has been loosely termed above as the criminal problems connected with international air transport, in particular the problem of armed aggression against aircraft, should be positively appreciated. But ICAO records in the domain of developing a uniform legal system of international carriage by air are rather disappointing. The problem of maintaining and developing the uniformity of this regulation exceeds the scope of interest and competence of governmental transport agencies. The expectations of mankind linked to it are too great to give up trying to restore the uniform legal system of international air carriage that would create proper conditions for its further growth. It appears that ICAO has, at present, a good opportunity for doing this. The hasty preparation of ICAO draft conventions should be definitely excluded. Every Preliminary draft convention ought to be sent to Governments of all member-States for consideration, So that they could in form ICAO in due time of their observation. The problom of harmonizing a uniform law of international air carriage with that of other branches of international transport should demand more and more of its attention. ICAO cooperation with other international arganization, especially these working in the field of international transport, should be strengthened. ICAO is supposed to act as a link and a mediator among, at times the conflicting interests of member States, serving the happiness and peace of all of the world. The transformation of the contemporary world of developing international relations, stimulated by steadily growing international cooperation in its various dimensions, political, economic, scientific, technological, social and cultural, continuously confronts ICAO with new task.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 2008

Catalyzed by the recent development of space technology, various kinds of spacecrafts were launched and utilized with purposes in many developed countries. In case of emergency such as natural disasters, proper satellite images are required in order to help to mitigate and assess the effects of disasters on human life and property. Since there are limitations for a nation to single-handedly operate a satellite and fulfill complete demands, a development need of international cooperation organization to share satellite images among the member countries has risen. In this paper, preestablished four international organizations' background, objectives, and operating system, and their principal characteristics were analyzed and compared. Especially, the paper has focused on the analysis of on-going operating procedures and its cases for International Charter, UN SPIDER's development of local supporting network to support NFP, establishment of Web-GIS by Sentinel Asia under the goal of 'Digital Asia', and the utilization of GEO that is widely applied in natural disaster fields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.36
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• pp.205-218
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• 1995

The trends of economic business environment have been changed to the ultimate competion, diverse market and need of new technology. To enforce the international competitive power, continuous technology innovation should be propelled. But the characteristics of small and medium company make it hard to get lead of market share. The industry of transportation and stevedoring machinery also have the same situation as small and medium company. This paper try to present the way of competitive power. The Strategic technology innovation for the industry of transportation and stevedoring machinery consists of product strategy, process design strategy, infra-structure strategy and R&D. There are benefits and shortcommings to get the competitive power for the industry of transportation and stevedoring machinery. Therefore the onclusion presented that capital for reverse engineering, export policy, human resource, thechnical cooperation with the institutions are required.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.109-114
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• 2022

The article theoretically analyzed and specified definitions such as: "professional development of personality, competence, professional competence of a teacher". Structural components of professional competence are defined, namely: theoretical involves deep knowledge in the field of special pedagogy, special psychology; technological involves the use of acquired knowledge in practical activities and personal in which important personal characteristics of a special teacher are noted. Criteria and levels of development of professional competence of future special teachers are determined. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the professional activity of a teacher in the conditions of an inclusive educational space, in particular, the special training of a teacher as an integral component of this process. Emphasis is placed on the cooperation of teachers in an inclusive educational institution for the socialization of a child with special needs and her preparation for independent life.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2021

For The purpose of this study is to understand the cultural differences between Yemen and Ethiopia for Koreans who love coffee and to find ways to cooperate with the region. The Islamic region is not able to cooperate directly, so we thought about how to exchange through the coffee industry. Therefore, the regional exchange model and prior research were examined. And examined the characteristics of early cultures and religions. We learned about political and regional relations through cultural cooperation and the history of Islamic conflict in Yemen. Finally, the local coffee industry and culture were explained. In conclusion, education is needed for regional cooperation in Islamic studies, and for this purpose, First, overcoming cultural clashes; Second, new strategic regional cooperation, Third, a cultural approach rather than a religion, Fourth, new technological regional cooperation; Fifth, parallel regional cooperation with Yemeni refugees; Sixth, a method such as a bridgehead in Ethiopia (Yemen trade and regional cooperation) was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.377-394
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• 2009

There are some limitations in the existing bibliometric methods to satisfy the various requests of the interest parties including researchers, managers, policy makers to identify 1) which research group or researcher is the key player, and the overall trends of the particular technological sub-fields, 2) which research groups, institutions or countries mainly use their research outputs, 3) what are the spin-offs from research outputs to some scientific and technological fields, 4) in which levels they are when comparing their quantitative and qualitative research outputs to those of other competitive institutions. It is essential to develop new informetric indicators and methodologies in order to satisfy stakeholder's various demands and to strengthen qualitative analysis in measuring research performance. This study suggested informetric indicators such as article quality index, citation impact index, international cooperation index, excellent article production index and methodologies including citation analysis, text mining.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.127-130
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• 2008

Recently, a wide variety of research on the knowledge-based industries, which are considered a key area of social science research, has been conducted. In this light, this study examines a case of knowledge diffusion taken from the IT service field. The IT service industry has been considered difficult to diffuse due to its unique technological regimes and sophisticated market demand. In particular, the established public service systems have limited markets and encompass national characteristics, thereby making their international diffusion difficult. However, despite these limitations, the automated customs system ASYCUDA has been distributed successfully and is now operating in about 100 countries, making the case very unusual. Using various industrial innovation models, and an analysis of lead markets, with regard to ASYCUDA, this research examines patterns of technological learning activities by actors, characteristics of the lead markets, and paths of technology transfer. The findings indicate that when active technology providers attempt to streamline and standardize the technology to make it suitable for the characteristics of the initial technology application areas(lead markets), this helps to diffuse the technology to passive recipients and the surrounding nations. The findings also confirm that south-south cooperation in the acquired technologies was of considerable help in sharing knowledge among the passive technology recipients, and that the active technology providers' programmed, well-organized technology assistance was a key driving force behind technology transfer and diffusion between the surrounding nations.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

This paper makes the case that a new policy strategy to enhance a global green recovery is needed urgently. The new strategy requires two essential elements. First, G20 economies should follow the lead of South Korea and China and turn their green stimulus investments into a serious long-term commitment, and to support these investments, they should adopt environmental pricing policies and instigate pricing and regulatory reforms to reduce carbon dependency. Second, the G20 also needs to target and coordinate assistance to developing economies in science, technology and innovation (STI) for clean energy. Such assistance is essential to help developing economies to overcome the skills, technological and capital gap that they face in clean energy technologies over the long term. Reform of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is also necessary to establish a long-term global price signal for carbon, and to increase the coverage of developing economies, the sectors and technologies and the overall financing of clean energy projects. Formulating such a policy strategy should appeal to both the Asian-Pacific and Western economies comprising the G20, and by working together to formulate such a strategy, the G20 could lead the way toward a new era of global economic management and STI cooperation in clean energy.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The Italian fashion industry has achieved a remarkable success in the global market with the distinctive features of its industry structure and product quality, and such a system has been subject to many researches. Especially, the retail structure centered on small speciality retail stores rather than the industry structure of medium and small sized companies and department stores is thought to be the most noticeable distinctive feature that differentiates the Italian fashion industry from other countries. This system is thought to be a driving force behind the continuous development and innovation closely associated with the market. In result, As medium and small size companies are the center of the Italian fashion industry, advantages of small companies based on region, that is, flexibility and innovation of medium and small size companies, close cooperation between companies are utilized and it has been progressing closely with the Italian traditional culture and being modernized based on traditional technological skills.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2002

Recently, internet-based applications can be found easily in various felds. Internet-based telerobot system becomes one of important applications of internet. Among many important technological issues on the internet-based telerobot, time-delay is inherently critical problem to be solved. Time-delay is classified as micro time-delay and macro time-delay in this paper. Algorithms for compensation of path-error and time-error are proposed for the both types of time-delays using fuzzy logic since fuzzy logic is one of the best tools to represent expert's knowledge. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed algorithms.