• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2023

Air Rights techniques, including floor-area ratio (FAR) transfers, FAR bonuses, and FAR storage, have been widely applied among skyscraper constructions in New York City for profit maximization goals. Since 1916, air rights regulations in New York zoning system have been revised and improved over the years to cater the urban development needs of different periods, and they also result in typical skyscraper block typologies. This research firstly performed spatial overlay analysis to reveal the spatial correlation between skyscraper blocks and air rights application blocks; secondly, Spacematrix parameters and cluster analysis are applied to divide the skyscraper urban block of New York City into four categories. Compared with air rights application data, the research attempts to illustrate how various air rights techniques have acted on the formation and evolution of skyscraper block typologies in the pre-1916, 1916-1961, 1961-2010, and 2010-present periods respectively, in order to reveal the relationship between public policies and urban morphology in a broader sense and also provide references for policy making in future.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2023

Under the dual pressure of population growth and land shortage, threedimensional development is the inevitable choice for cities in China. In such a scenario, a mixed-use complex has considerable potential in its realization and research. Based on space syntax and the three-dimensional visibility graph analysis, this paper describes the spatial and functional layout of the Shanghai Super Brand Mall and studies the relationship between spatial visibility and user behaviour through linear regression analysis and correlation analysis. This paper studies three different types of user behaviour, namely, path selection, staying selection, and store selection, and finds that spatial visibility and accessibility have different effects on user behaviour depending on the type and purpose of the activity. This paper reveals the influence of spatial and functional layout on user behaviour and puts forward the corresponding design strategy under the three-dimensional environment.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2022

As one of the most important vertical transportation equipment in super high-rise buildings, the construction elevator directly affects the project period, cost, and effectiveness. The paper proposes a new construction elevator with single-guide rail and multi-cages. It can solve the problems of single construction elevator capacity shortage and efficacy decrease with height reduction, the occupancy of plan and elevation position of multiple construction elevators, and extension of total construction period by cycling operation of multi-cages on a single-guide rail. The paper focuses on the design and research of the main components of the equipment, such as the rotating guide rail mechanism, vertical bearing mast tie system, segmented electrical power supply system, group control scheduling system, and safety anti-collision system.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 1992

Norwegian technology related to preinvestigations, planning, design and construction of large underground caverns is wellknown worldwide. However, so far this technology is only slightly verified through scientiffic reports and documentation. The "Rock cavern stadium" research program is an interdisciplinary program related to the ongoing building and future use of Gjovik Olympic Subsite which is the largest cavern in the world for public purposes with a span of 61 meters and a height of 25 meters. The estimated budget for this program is about USD 4 million which is made possible through grants from The Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research as well as through contributions from Norwegian and Swedish companies that are participating. The program is carried out in collaboration with The Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research at the Norwegian Institute of Technology. The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute and The Eastern Norway Research Center. The research program will continue until the end of 1994 to ensure that input comes from a full period of use in this stadium with different activities like exhibitions, conferences, concerts etc being included as verification through full-scale measurements and observations. The research program has five subtasks. Three of these are related to subjects like Energy consumption. HVAC installations. Fire safety design, Engineering geology and Rock mechanics, Environmental aspects. The fourth subtask is concerned with the collection of basic data, results and experience from these three subtasks to provide a basis for national Norwegian guidelines related to this interdisciplinary subject area. The guidelines will first be presented as a manual for planning and engineering purposes. The realization of this research program is a unique opportunity to enhance the expertise that has been acquired from this cavern stadium. By involving research in this extraordinary project from the excavation and building phase to its subsequent use. this will give the participants know-how and expertise which is very much in demand internationally. The coordination of the international activities between the participants as well as preparation of participations and presentations in international conferences and symposium are included in the fifth task of this national research program.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.121-147
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• 2018

우리나라 대학도서관들은 수집하여 유통 중인 해외학술정보자원의 양적 증가와 구입예산의 급증으로 인해 경영상 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 대학도서관의 어려움을 타개하기 위해 해외전자정보자원을 중심으로, 첫째, 대학도서관의 장서 및 자료구입비 규모를 분석하고, 둘째, 국내 외 도서관컨소시엄 현황을 살펴보며, 셋째, 한국과학기술정보연구원의 KESLI 컨소시엄, 한국교육학술정보원의 ACE 컨소시엄, 한국대학도서관과 한국대학교육협의회가 추진하는 대교협 컨소시엄을 중심으로 국내 도서관 컨소시엄의 운영현안과 정비방향을 고찰하면서, 넷째, 이를 토대로 국내 대학도서관의 해외학술정보자원 수집 및 유통체계 개선방안을 마련하여 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2013

20세기 초에 발생하였던 제1, 2차 세계대전들은 유럽 사회뿐만 아니라, 수학계에도 지대한 손실을 끼쳤다. 1차 세계대전 이후 프랑스를 중심으로 탄생되었던 국제 수학연맹(IMU)은 정치적으로 이용되었던 이유로 해체되어졌고, 제 2차 세계대전이 발생함에 따라 모든 국제 학회모임은 중단되었다. 독일에 나치정권이 들어선 후, 많은 뛰어난 수학자들이 수용소에서 죽음을 맞거나 미국으로 이주하면서 학문의 중심은 유럽에서 미국으로 이동하였다. 전쟁이 끝난 후 심각한 정치 경제 위기에 처한 유럽의 학자들은 수학계를 대변할 능력을 잃었다. 이에 국제적인 의무감을 갖게 된 미국의 스톤(Stone)을 비롯한 수학자들은 정치에 상관없이 모든 나라가 가입할 수 있는 새 IMU를 탄생시킨다. 이 논문은 제2차 세계대전 이후에 IMU의 재탄생 과정과 1950년도의 ICM에서 일어난 일들을 면밀히 알아봄으로써 20세기 중반의 수학계의 발전상을 연구하고자 한다.

• 대한기관윤리심의기구협의회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2023

Purspose: The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning and definition of vulnerable subjects in clinical trials in light of domestic and international regulations and guidelines, to analyze the contents of standard operation procedures (SOPs) among advanced general hospitals in Korea that conduct clinical trials, and to examine deliberation procedures for operation plans. Methods: The study examined how vulnerable research subjects were defined and described in related regulations and the classification of vulnerable research subjects presented in the IRB/HRPP SOPs of 18 clinical trial institutions, including 11 AAHRPP-accreditated general hospitals in Korea, as well as the operation of the IRB deliberation. Results: Among all domestic and international regulations and guidelines, only the The Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) guidelines explain why vulnerability is related to judgments on the severity of physical, psychological, and social harm, why individuals are vulnerable, and for what reasons. However, the classification of vulnerable subjects by institutions differed from the classification by the International Conference on Harmonization-Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP). A total of the 16 institutions classified children and minors as vulnerable research subjects. 14 institutions classified subjects who cannot consent freely were classified as vulnerable subjects. 15 institutions classified sujects who can be affected by the organizational hierarchy were classified as vulnerable subjects. Subjects in emergency situations were regarded as vulnerable research subjects in 8 of institutions, while people in wards, patients with incurable diseases, and the economically poor including the unemployed were categorized as vulnerable research subjects in 7, 4, and 4 of institutions, respectively. Additionally, some research subjects were not classified as vulnerable by ICH-GCP but were classified as vulnerable by domestic institutions 15 of the institutions classified pregnant women and fetuses as vulnerable, 11 classified the elderly as vulnerable, and 6 classified foreigners as vulnerable. Conclution: The regulations and institutional SOPs classify subjects differently, which may affect subject protection. There is a need to improve IRBs' classifications of vulnerable research subjects. It is also necessary to establish the standards according to the differences in deliberation processes. Further, it is recommended to maintain a consistent review of validity, assessment of risk/benefit, and a review using checklists and spokeperson. The review of IRB is to be carried out in a manner that respects human dignity by taking into account the physical, psychological, and social conditions of the subjects.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2015

By the end of 2014, the number of completed and under-construction supertall buildings above 250 meters in China reached 90 and 129, respectively. China has become one of the centers of supertall buildings in the world. Supertall buildings in China are getting taller, more slender, and more complex. The structural design of these buildings focuses on the efficiency of lateral resisting systems and the application of energy dissipation. Furthermore, the research, design, and construction of high-performance materials, pile foundations, and mega-members have made a lot of progress. Meanwhile, more and more challenges are presented, such as the improvement of structural system efficiency, the further understanding of failure models, the definition of design criteria, the application of high-performance materials, and construction monitoring. Thus, local structural engineers are playing a more important role in the design of supertall buildings.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.273-285
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• 2023

The commercial buildings greening can generate multiple benefits to achieve a sustainable building and business environment. However, a comprehensive systematic review of commercial buildings greening across multiple disciplines has yet to be reported. This study conducted a systematic analysis of 39 literature on commercial building greening from Web of Science over the past 19 years and utilized CiteSpace to visualize the academic evolution and trends in this field. Key findings were: 1) The number of publications in the past five years has increased, indicating that commercial building greening research has received widespread attention. 2) The large number of publications means that the research field of commercial building greening is relatively broad. 3) The study of commercial building greening has become a global participation and cooperation research topic. The top cooperating countries mainly come from the United States and Europe, while the differences in cooperation between institutions in developing countries are less significant. 4) The greening of commercial buildings is more related to research on behavioral activities. 5) The research on commercial building greening has developed from architecture and plants to interdisciplinary fields, including psychology, economics, and management. 6) The cost of commercial buildings greening is generally an obstacle to installation. This study provides specific references for stakeholders and plays a crucial role in determining the evolution of commercial building greening research and predicting future research needs and opportunities.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.505-505
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• 2022

This study shows the first output of the three-year project (2021-2023) to develop a Smart Water City (SWC) Global Standard and Certification Scheme ley by K-water, International Water Resources Association (IWRA) and Asia Water Council (AWC). There are three major parts in the first year. In Part 1, it investigates the essential features of cities today and details the water challenges currently faced and likely to be confronted in the future. It also investigates the functions that water fulfills in the urban environment, and how ICTs can contribute to improving those functions by each Urban Water Cycle. A definition of a Smart Water City is proposed following a discussion on the meaning of "smart development". This part of the report also presents different city cases from countries around the world to illustrate the urban water challenges and the technological and non-technological solutions that cities have put in place, including national and/or local policies and strategies. In Part 2, it defines what global standards indicators and certification schemes are and identifies their characteristics. Especially, it analyses in detail eight relevant standards and certification schemes measuring sustainable development and/or water resources management in urban settings. Standards elaborated by international organizations are distinguished from those developed by the private sector, non-governmental organizations, and by academia. Finally, this study suggests the right direction to develop SWC global standard frameworks and certification schemes. And then, it shows the main tasks for the Stage 2 (second year) project. Basically, the framework for a future SWC standard (consisting three main pillars: Technical, Governance and Prospective pillars) will be fully defined in Stage 2.