• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.259-264
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to suggest logical foundation and points which necessarily for establishing E-commerce of Korean shipping companies' development strategy and activation plan. In order to empirical analysis, two step analyses are adopted. Firstly, this study examines the effects of the shipping company character and the shipping environment character on the usage of E-commerce in the shipping companies. Secondly, this study examines the effects of usage of E-commerce on the performance in shipping companies. In the empirical analysis, research hypotheses are being tested mainly by a structural equation model(SEM).

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.431-438
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to analyze maritime piracy and its economic implications with particular attention to attacks registered in the Gulf of Aden, The paper also aims to investigate how the International community, along with Sovereign States, should allocate resources in order to make the seas a safer place and describe how closely inter-related maritime piracy, preventive and punitive measures put in place by Governments are. Elements of economics and ergonomics are taken into account in order to properly investigate the major legal issues relating to maritime security. The paper proposes a cost-benefit analysis in order to investigate in theory what is the rationale behind engaging in criminal behavior and recommend some solutions to the issue to be undertaken by the International community. It is concluded that in order to cost effectively fight piracy, a mix of more coordinated National and International laws, standardized and increased punishment levels among jurisdictions and extended patrol controls are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 2010

Republic of Korea is the first country which received international aids, h1s become a member of DAC, and recently has strengthened the international aids policy through ODA(Official Development Assistance). Korea ODA has focused on the area of education, social infrastructure, etc., but not on maritime affairs. However, since Korea has become a maritime country and a member of "A Group" council of IMO, the international shipping community including IMO strongly requests Korea to transfer Korea's maritime safety technology to developing countries for the sake of international maritime safety and marine environment protection. In this study, the direction of road map for effective transfer of maritime safety technology and marine environment protection technology was presented. The strategy for implementation of the suggested road map was proposed as well.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1993

The Maritime Traffic Safety Law of P. R. China has not the legal nature of navigation rule which regulates the vessel traffic directly but has the legal nature of management to ensure the safety and good order of the whale marine traffic. For that reason, the legal status of this Law is a general basic norm for the marine safety regulations rather than a definite enforcement regulation. This Law does not have any clear statements on adaptation of the steering and sailing rules of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, but it can be presumed the Convention would be applied on the viewpoint of the international practice. The subject matter of this Law is easily understandable, because the IMO and shipping countries have already made similar legislation. Since the maritime traffic condition of the P. R. China also has a direct effect upon the Korean coastal waters, it is essential to observe closely the process of enforcement and development of the P. R. China's Maritime Traffic Safety Law.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.72
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• pp.81-113
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• 2016

The adoption of the YAR 2016 brings to an end the 12 years of uncertainty for shipowners and Marine insurers which followed the adoption of the YAR 2004, which did not have the support of shipowners, and which were very rarely used in preference to the well-established and well understood YAR 1994. The development and finalisation of the YAR 2016 is the product of an extensive review undertaken by the IWG with input from the International Group, international average adjusting community, National Maritime Law Associations, the International Chamber of Shipping, BIMCO and IUMI amongst others. The Group clubs welcome and support the adoption of the YAR 2016 and recommend its incorporation in members' future shipping contracts. The Club will be taking steps to adopt logical changes to the 2017 Rules. In the meantime, this circular serves as confirmation Club cover extends to all shipping contracts incorporating YAR 2016. This study analyse the adjustment practice of general average according to the application of YAR 2016.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.39-51
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• 2002

Online exchange is a cost-effective approach to trade goods and information among multiple sellers and buyers. Shipping industry includes lots of global entities such as shippers, liners, ship owners and shipping agents. Marine insurance companies and ship repairers and many other groups are also supporting the industry. However, international shipping exchanges are located on few cities in the world. Its our motivation that a shipping market can be online so that market participants do the dealing while sitting where they are with more efficient manner, preferable price and larger pool of candidates of trading partners. This paper presents Korean governmental project of building a cyber shipping exchange. The exchange covers ship sale and purchase, charter, insurance, freight futures, repairs, supplying of ships oil and database service. The workflows of each business were analyzed and designed to fit for online environment. The project includes design of trading mechanism, online documents, data flow, data storage and security. Online match making and trading mechanisms such as auction, reverse auction, bid are used. The whole trading process involves multiple organizations and business processes. So, this Paper focuses on how each organization would play their roles so that users can complete transactions with integrated and transparent view. The online exchange selves also as maritime portal site that links to other sites for cooperation vertically or horizontally, and serves database and information in global perspective. This paper also issues and discusses the justification of an online shipping exchange

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.61-73
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• 1999

Capital cost of ships for advanced maritime countries is generally regarded as an international cost, which is, or can be, irrelevant with respect to the nationality of shipowners. However, Korean shipowners have been not only forced by national laws and regulations to build their ships at Korean shipyards, but also restricted to access to foreign financial markets. Having said that, as far as Korean shipowners are concerned, the capital cost has become a national cost. Consequently, it causes them to lower International competitiveness. This paper aims to identify the causes deteriorating international competitiveness of Korean shipping with reference to capital costs and suggest constructive proposals.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.43-45
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• 2011

Somalian pirates with the onset of civil war in the early 1990s have caused a threat to international transportation. Various international organizations including the International Maritime Organization and the World Food Program are concerned about this problem. The cost of shipping is increasing and food-aid shipment is hindered by these ships are needed military escort. Since 2008, international society has deployed multinational naval vessel in the nearby Somalian sea and strengthen multinational naval operations to minimize damages from piracy.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.79-100
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the market power of the Korea Container Shipping Market (Intra Asia, Korea-Europe, and Korea-U.S.) to verify the existence of collusion empirically, and to answer whether the joint actions of liner market participants in Korea have formed market dominance for each route. Precisely, it will be verified through the Lerner index as to whether the regional market of Asia is a monopoly, oligopoly, or perfect competition. Design/methodology - This study used a Lerner index adjusted with elasticity presented in the New Imperial Organization (NEIO) studies. NEIO refers to a series of empirical studies that estimate parameters to judge market power from industrial data. This study uses B-L empirical models by Bresnahan (1982) and Lau (1982). In addition, NEIO research data statistically contain self-regression and stability problems as price and time series data. A dynamic model following Steen and Salvanes' Error Correction Model was used to solve this problem. Findings - The empirical results are as follows. First, λ, representing market power, is nearly zero in all three markets. Second, the Korean shipping market shows low demand elasticity on average. Nevertheless, the markup is low, a characteristic that is difficult to see in other industries. Third, the Korean shipping market generally remains close to perfect competition from 2014 to 2022, but extreme market power appears in a specific period, such as COVID-19. Fourth, there was no market power in the Intra Asia market from 2008 to 2014. Originality/value - Doubts about perfect competition in the liner market continued, but there were few empirical cases. This paper confirmed that the Korea liner market is a perfect competition market. This paper is the first to implement dynamics using ECM and recursive regression to demonstrate market power in the Korean liner market by dividing the shipping market into Deep Sea and Intra Asia separately. It is also the first to prove the most controversial problems in the current shipping industry numerically and academically.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.911-916
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to review and suggest coastal shipping policies for introduction of WIG craft into domenstic passenger shipping market. Two Korean companies are leading in the development of WIG craft as an innovative sea transportation vehicle, and it is awaiting for commercialization. WIG craft is expected to be commercialized from coastal passenger market and we used AHP method to investigate the major factors and its' priority for smooth market entry. The results shows that priorities are on the WIG craft legislation, dock installation and operation, port state control, and pilot hiring and training, craft maintenance, and ship's certification in order.