• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1651-1656
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in balance and proprioception of adults with limited ankle joint dorsiflexion, after the application of talocrural joint mobilization. The subjects of this study included 23 college students in their twenties with limited ankle joint dorsiflexion. The students were randomly assigned to the ankle joint mobilization group (AJMG, n=12) and the control group (CG, n=11). After 2 weeks of intervention using grade III talocrural joint mobilization in the anterior-posterior movement, the balance and proprioception of the subjects were assessed. Static/dynamic balance capabilities and ankle proprioception were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test. The dynamic balance and proprioception of AJMG were significantly improved after intervention (p<.05), In the comparison between the groups after the intervention, the dynamic balance and proprioceptive sense of AJMG were significantly improved compared to the control group (p<.05). This study suggests that AJMG can help improve the dynamic balance and proprioception.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.79-99
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• 2018

문헌에 의하면 국제합작기업 파트너 특성이 합작기업성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 주로 부분적인 파트너 특성에 초점을 맞추고 있으며, 또한 파트너 특성과 합작기업성과의 관계에 대한 제휴몰입도의 매개효과 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국제합작기업 파트너 간의 특성을 포괄적인 관점에서 CEO 리더십행동 유사성, 전략적 유사성, 자원적 유사성, 조직적 유사성 등으로 파악하고, 이들 특성이 제휴몰입도 및 합작기업성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석한다. 연구결과에 따르면 CEO 리더십행동 유사성과 조직적 유사성은 제휴몰입도 및 합작기업성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 반면, 전략적 유사성과 자원적 유사성은 제휴몰입도 및 합작기업성과에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 제휴몰입도는 합작기업성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치고, 파트너 특성과 합작기업성과의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 중요한 결론 및 시사점을 제시한다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.177-191
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• 2021

Based on the existing OFDI (outward foreign direct investment) literature, this study endeavored to verify how the corruption of host countries affects the partner strategy of EMNEs (emerging multinational enterprises) when EMNEs enter global markets through joint ventures. Following the existing literature, this study classified corruption and partner strategies into two categories, respectively. First, the corruption of host country was divided into grand corruption and petty corruption. Second, EMNEs' joint venture partner strategy was divided into home country partner joint venture and host country (i.e., local) partner joint venture. Our hypothesis suggested that the greater the host country's grand corruption, the more EMNEs would choose the host country partner, while the strong petty corruption leads to the preference of home country partner in host country. The hypotheses were verified with a sample of 890 foreign direct investment cases of Chinese multinational companies from 2005 to 2015. As a result of the study, regardless of the degree of corruption, it was found that they prefer joint ventures with home country partners when EMNEs enter the global market through joint ventures.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1642-1650
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching exercise and joint mobilization on ankle joint range of motion (ROM), plantar pressure, and balance in subjects with stroke. Thirty patients (n=30) were organized into three groups, each of which received different treatments: PNF stretching (n=10), joint mobilization (n=10), and joint mobilization and PNF stretching combined (n=10). Each group received three exercise sessions per week for four weeks. The ankle ROM was measured using a goniometer, and plantar pressure and balance ability were measured using BioResque static posturography. In comparison within each group, the joint mobilization group and the joint mobilization with PNF stretching group showed significant improvements in ankle ROM, plantar pressure, and balance ability (p<.05). In comparison between the groups, a statistically significant difference was found in SECS change between the PNF stretching group, joint mobilization group and the joint mobilization with PNF stretching group. This study found demonstrates that the joint mobilization and joint mobilization with the PNF stretching methods were effective in improving ankle ROM, plantar pressure, and balance ability in stroke patients.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.159-188
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• 2002

International joint ventures are usually formed and managed by domestic companies and foreign investors for the common objectives. They offer an opportunity for each partner to benefit significantly from the comparative advantages of the other. Local partners bring knowledge of the domestic market; familiarity with government bureaucracies and regulations; understanding of local labor markets; and existing manufacturing facilities. Foreign partners can offer advanced process and product technologies, management know-how, and access to export markets. In Korea, joint ventures have been encouraged to usher in foreign investors with foreign currency capital badly needed during the IMF financial crisis. In the meantime, Korean laws and regulations with respect to joint ventures have been largely overhauled to promote foreign direct investment (FDI) both inbound and outbound. They include four types of FDI, i.e., acquisition of foreign stocks, provision of long-term loans, participation in joint operations like resources development, and establishment of foreign offices. From the legal point of view, the formal joint venture agreement must be an offspring of a series of tough negotiations between domestic and foreign partners. They usually stress the long-term relationship with the good will and dedication to each other, and restrict the free transfer of stocks. Both partners are earnestly interested in the ownership and management of the joint venture. So they keep a close eye on the articles of incorporation, changes of business environment, conflict resolution methods, transparency of accounting and other financial matters. When a multinational corporation (MNC) is involved in the joint venture, conflicts over management strategies, marketing and other issues take place more often than not between the MNC and local partners. We have to pay attention to joint ventures, particularly, in China and North Korea. As witnessed in other transition economies, China is eagerly bringing in foreign direct investments for the development of nation's economy. China encourages foreign investors to establish ordinary joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, solely invested foreign capital companies and jointly operated development companies with local partners. In North Korea, however, joint ventures have a different meaning like contractual joint ventures in China, in which North Korean partners have an initiative in the management. Rather, jointly operated companies or simply processing-for-wage companies are recommended in view of the unpredictable legal infrastructure in North Korea.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 2th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.749-758
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• 2007

Learning has become an important aspect for any organization to stay relevant and competitive in the corporate world of survival. In construction industry, the international construction joint ventures (ICJVs) provide an excellent platform with opportunity of learning among partners seeking to develop new area of competency and improve their overall competitiveness for their next project endeavor. This paper discusses the development of a conceptual model of effective learning in ICJVs using four major stages of development in a typical joint venture (JV) 's process. The study identified that there are three key constructs that contribute to effective learning comprising learning conditions in the JV's pre-inception stage, success factors of JV for learning in the forming & organizing stage, and learning actions in the implementation & adjustment stage. The effective learning outcomes are measured by the characteristics of learning organization during the JV's completion & evaluation stage. Details and issues of each stage and the methodology of research will be presented and discussed.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.46-58
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper analyzes how Research and Development (R&D) cartelization and Research Joint Ventures (RJV) affect firms that engage in Cournot competition in their product market using a model in which the Home and Foreign firm produce differentiated products and export their total output to a third country's market. Design/Methodology - In a two-stage game, research expenditures incurred in the first stage improve product quality and are subject to various degrees of spillovers. We consider four different scenarios. Findings - In a symmetric equilibrium we observe the following: (i) an RJV that cooperates in R&D decision yields the highest R&D expenditure. However, the scenario which yields the lowest expenditure depends on the extent of differentiation between the goods and the degree of spillovers; (ii) RJV cartelization yields the highest product quality, output, and consumer surplus in the third country; however, the lowest is produced by R&D competition if spillovers are strong and by R&D cartelization if spillovers are weak; and (iii) each firm's profit is at its minimum in R&D competition and its maximum in RJV cartelization. Furthermore, if spillovers are strong, the profit of each firm in R&D cartelization is greater than that in RJV competition, and vice versa. Originality/value - By analyzing product innovation in international markets, we can find similarities and differences between process R&D and product R&D in international markets.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.476-487
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• 2022

국제연구협력은 연구 성과 향상을 위한 전략 중 하나로 떠오르고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국제연구협력을 주제로 한 연구보고서 분석을 통해 국제연구협력의 주체와 이슈를 파악하고 이들 연구의 특성을 확인하였다. 이를 위해 관련 보고서 데이터를 구축하고, 데이터의 통계 데이터 분석 및 빅데이터 분석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과를 종합하면 첫째, 현 국제연구협력 네트워크를 고려했을 때 중국의 국제연구협력 비중의 증가를 주목하는 동시에, 개발도상국을 중심으로 하는 국제연구협력 수행이 필요하다. 둘째, 국가 간 연구의 상호 의존성이 높아지는 동시에 실제 공동연구의 피인용 지수가 더 높다는 점에서 개발도상국을 포함한 다양한 국가에서 국제연구협력의 중요성을 강조할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 지원 사업의 유형에 따라 국제연구협력이 활성화 될 수 있는 주제 분야가 달라질 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 보다 다양한 주제의 국제연구협력이 수행되기 위해서는 이를 지원하는 사업 역시 다양화되어야 한다는 것을 시사한다.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1508-1512
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the effect of joint mobilization on forward head posture and to propose an effective method to improve correct body posture and balance. A total of eight patients from a Maitland-applied group (n=8) received mobilization therapy to increase the mobility of the cervical joint, with Maitland's movement grade III intensity for 30 seconds of treatment and 30 seconds of rest, for ten intervals, three times a week for four weeks. The craniovertebral angle (CVA) changes before and after the intervention with the Maitland technique were measured as $56.85{\pm}2.31^{\circ}$ before, $63.23{\pm}2.23^{\circ}$ two weeks after, and $64.98{\pm}1.27^{\circ}$ four weeks after joint intervention. There were significant CVA changes before and after the Maitland technique (P <.05). The results of this study suggest that the Maitland technique is useful for improving the head vertebral angle in patients with forward head posture.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.2359-2364
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• 2021

Background: Patients with stroke have limited ankle range of motion (ROM) due to soft tissue abnormalities around the ankle and thus experience functional impairment. Increased muscle tension and reduced ankle ROM impair gait and hinder the activities of daily living. Joint mobilization and stretching are effective interventions that improve gait performance by enhancing the ankle ROM. Objectives: To investigate the effects of ankle joint mobilization and calf muscle stretching on gait speed and gait performance in patients with stroke. Design: This was a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty patients with stroke patients were randomized into two groups. The joint mobilization group (JMG) underwent anteroposterior mobilization of the talocrural joint and the joint mobilization stretching group (JMSG) underwent calf muscle stretching in addition to joint mobilization. Gait speed and gait parameters were measured using the 10-meter walk test and the GAITRite. Results: Both the JMG and JMSG groups showed significant improvements in gait speed, affected-side step length, and cadence after the intervention (P<.05). Conclusion: Joint mobilization and stretching were effective interventions for improving gait performance by enhancing ankle function in patients with stroke.