• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
• /
• v.56 no.5
• /
• pp.404-412
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the degree of cartilage regeneration by performing second-look arthroscopy in a group of patients who underwent high tibial osteotomy and microfractures for unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the medial knee joint and to determine the factors affecting cartilage regeneration. In addition, this study analyzed whether there is a relationship between the degree of cartilage regeneration and functional results. Materials and Methods: From 2007 to 2015, this study evaluated 81 cases who underwent second-look arthroscopy at the time of plate removal after a microfracture and high tibial osteotomy with a minimum two-year follow-up. The degree of femoral cartilage injury before surgery was classified by ICRS (International Cartilage Research Society), and all were grade III and IV. After second-look arthroscopy, cartilage regeneration was classified into a well-regenerated group (grade I, II) and a poorly regenerated group (grade III, IV). The independent factors influencing cartilage regeneration were identified through multivariate logistic regression analysis. In addition, the functional results were compared before and after surgery between the two groups using the Knee Society score (KSS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score (WOMAC). Results: Age, sex, body mass index, postoperative radiologic factors, and preoperative joint condition did not affect the degree of cartilage regeneration significantly. The large cartilage defect (≥2.0 cm²) (p=0.011) and the presence of kissing lesions (p=0.027) were associated with poor cartilage regeneration. No significant difference in the KSS and WOMAC scores was observed between the group with good and poor cartilage regeneration. Conclusion: The presence of a large cartilage defect and kissing lesions is associated with poor cartilage regeneration after high tibial osteotomy and microfracture. On the other hand, the degree of the regenerated cartilage did not show any correlation with the functional outcome.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.77-95
• /
• 1986

In 1962 the governing bodies of FAO and WHO approved the establishment of a joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, the creation of a jointly sponsored body to be known as the Codex Alimentarius commission to implement the Programme. It can reasonably be claimed that the Commission has assumad the leading role in establishing internation food standards throughout the world. The Codex Committee of Food Hygiene has received much advice and assistance from other international organization which have been working in this field for a number of years. In particular, it has received valuable background documentation from the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods(ICMSF) which was set up by the International Association of Microbiological Societies(IAMS), and also from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Nevertheless, in spite of the information supplied by governments and research bodies in this field, microbiological standards have proved to be a highly controversial subject from the point of view of Codex standards. When it is decided to establish a microbiological standard for a food or class of foods, the following technical and administrative aspects must be considered: 1) The standard should be based on factual studies and serve one or more of the following objectives: (1) to determine the conditions of hygiene under which the food should be manufactured; (2) to minimize the hazards to public health; (3) to measure the keeping quality and storage potential of the food 2) The standard should be attainable under practicable operating and commercial conditions and should not entail the use of excessive heat treatment or the additions of extra preservatives. 3) The standard should be determined after investigation of the processing operation. 4) The standard should be as simple and inexpensive to administer as possible, the number of tests being kept to a minimum. 5) Details of methods to be used for sampling, examining and reporting should accompany all published microbiological standards. 6) In establishing tolerance levels for the permissible number of defective samples, allowance should be made for sampling and other variations due to differences in the laboratory methods. The following additional points should be kept in mind: 1) It is not satisfactory to establish one set of microbiological standards for a miscellaneous group of foods, such as“frozen foods”or“precooked foods”. 2) Microbiological standards should be applied first to the more hazardous types of food on the basis of experience of expected microbiological levels, taking into account variations in composition, processing procedures, and storage. 3) When a standard is established, there should be a definite relationship between the standard and the hazard against which it is meant to protect the public. 4) The sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility of the sampling and analytical methods should be compared in different laboratories and the methods to be used should be specified in detail as part of the standard. 5) Tolerances should be included in the standard to account for inaccuracies of sampling and analysis. 6) Standards should be applied on a voluntary basis before compliance is made mandatory.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.46
• /
• pp.265-313
• /
• 2010

Kyoto Protocol is an international convention on concrete performance program for UNFCCC(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), which regulate and prevent to global warming and officially came into effect on February 16, 2005. Kyoto flexible mechanisms, the agreed environmental system in March 1997 in the Third Conference of Parties in UNFCCC General Assembly, Emission Trading System(ETS), Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) and Joint Implementation(JI), are key policies related to environment. In advanced countries, greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced average 5.2% level compared to 1990 in total emissions during 2008-2012. World leading carbon market finished the trial on the EU ETS I greenhouse gas emissions trading system, EU ETS II is operated regularly after 2008. World Bank leads to make 'Prototype Carbon Fund(PCF)' in April 2004, which is the world first carbon fund and a representative public carbon fund type, World Bank operate various funds including present PCF. Thus, I would like to propose as follows in relation to this study: First, in the validity analysis of carbon funds, it would be needed to analyze the Emission Reduction Cost Efficiency(ERCE) of carbon. The ERCE is a break-even value which brings the Net Present Value(NPV) to zero. NPV approach is used among projects and it enables potential projects to be compared and evaluated the ERCE on the basis of the net present value of net future cash flows. Therefore, according to results of analysis, carbon funds should be developed and invested. Second, it would be necessary to allow of issuing bonds together with carbon funds, carbon finance etc. Third, carbon funds, it would be reasonable to have a relatively enough maturity in project and as a financial derivatives in the international financial markets, it is needed various types of transactions. Fourth, it would be needed to standardize the carbon emissions trading for more efficiently. Fifth, it would be necessary to establish and invest in various kinds of domestic and overseas global carbon funds, including governments, privates, governments and privates sectors. And it is also needed to establish the medium and long term plans for carbon funds. Sixth, it would be needed to foster the advanced trade mechanisms for carbon funds in the most effective ways. Finally, carbon funds should be used in harmony with international societies to reduce global warming as the social responsible investing funds and it should be contribute to sustainable development. In addition, it would seem that carbon funds should be studied on establishing the contributable standard of sustainable development in the future assignment.

• Korea Information Processing Society Review
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2008

The Korea UK e-Science Collaboration project has been aimed at supporting research and collaboration between Korean and UK researchers. Its goal is to benefit the nation by reducing cost and time in constructing the National e-Science Research Environment' by studying and benchmarking the cases in countries that have already procured advanced technologies in the area. Two joint workshops were held in a year where researchers from the two countries had the opportunities to share their research results with each other. Also, the project has supported exchanges of researchers fostering expertise in the field. In the course of the project, the e-Science Centre in the UK and KISTI have signed MoU(Memorandum of Understanding) in 2006. Moreover, there have been active research collaboration between Korea and the UK. The University of Southampton will share the BioSimGrid data with the Korean counterpart, and the University of York has provided the AURA software. In the future, KISTI and the UK NGS(National Grid Service) will organize a working group at OGF that will work mainly on the standardization of Parameter Sweep and bring it to lead the global standard. KISTI will include its own AURORA system into OMI-UK software stack, which will enable access to NGS resources through AURORA user application. The collaboration with the UK has opened up more opportunities for collaboration with other countries as well. KISTI and HLRS in Germany have agreed to share the COVISE and will have research exchanges. As such, it is expected that Korea will play a major role in e-Science research by building strategic and systematic collaborative relations with its International partners.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 2020

In shipbuilding industry, there is conducting most of works by welding at the shipyard, and the volume of welding is increasing with international trends of green ships. Welding joint is guaranteed quality through non-destructive testing (NDT). The manual welding inspection report is produced by identifying the drawings designed, which results in losses the many workforce and occurs human errors. To solve these problems, this paper covers a system that reports on inspection information is automatically generation by input data based on shipbuilding-specific CAD. The developed system analyzes the shape data from drawings of modeling. Also, the system determines welding joints through expansion of the part boundary and generates tag numbers. In addition, it provides the function to automatically extract the information needed for inspection such as weld length, thickness and etc. We conducted test to verify the usefulness of the developed system and confirmed that the welding inspection information extracted through system matches the information shown in drawings of modeling.

• Industry Promotion Research
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.123-134
• /
• 2020

This study analyses the Korean successive governments' nuclear strategies after the post-cold war and suggests the future countermeasures as analysing to reciprocally interconnect B. Clinton and G.W.Bush governments' policies and North Korea's nuclear strategy. As the conclusion, this study suggests that the most urgent domestic alternative measure to North Korea's nuclear dismantlement is to prepare the grand strategy with the united whole national consensus and to order the renewed stronger future role by the mutual cooperation of multilateral agreement system and international regimes and lastly to adopt the extended deterrence through the reinforcement of the 5 great joint statements between the South-North Koreas.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2022

The article proves that the main goal of informatization of higher education institutions in the EU countries is to improve the quality of education of future specialists by introducing digital educational resources into the education process. The main tasks of informatization of education are defined. Digital educational resources are interpreted as a set of data in digital form that is applicable for use in the learning process; it is an information source containing graphic, text, digital, speech, music, video, photo and other information aimed at implementing the goals and objectives of modern education; educational resources on the Internet, electronic textbooks, educational programs, electronic libraries, etc. The creation of digital educational resources is defined as one of the main directions of informatization of all forms and levels of Education. Types of digital educational resources by educational functions are considered. The factors that determine the effectiveness of using digital educational resources in the educational process are identified. The use of digital educational resources in the training of future specialists in the EU countries is considered in detail. European countries note that digital educational resources in professional use allow you to implement a fundamentally new approach to teaching and education, which is based on broad communication, free exchange of opinions, ideas, information of participants in a joint project, on a completely natural desire to learn new things, expand their horizons; is based on real research methods (scientific or creative laboratories), allowing you to learn the laws of nature, the basics of techniques, technology, social phenomena in their dynamics, in the process of solving vital problems, features of various types of creativity in the process of joint activities of a group of participants; promotes the acquisition by teachers of various related skills that can be very useful in their professional activities, including the skills of using computer equipment and various digital technologies.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2016

Ecumenically, RPAS(Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) operation has been increased and the related accidents also have occurred. Accordingly, national authorities, organizations and industry have been striving for amendment and enactment of policy and regulation related to the RPAS(Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) operation. And ICAO had performed the joint study to make international standards through UASSG(Unmanned Aerial System Study Group). Recently this group has been switched to the panel meeting, RPASP(Remotely Piloted Aircraft System Panel). It has been discussed to make the related annex, SARPs(Standards and Recommended Practices) and etc. in RPASP. In this paper, we investigated the trend of study and development for ICAO RPAS policy and regulation. Based on these results, we suggested considerations to prepare domestic policy and regulations.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.69
• /
• pp.407-426
• /
• 2016

The Marine Insurance Act 1906 (MIA 1906) has been a successful piece of legislation, having rarely been amended and having established, or served as an influence in the development of, the basis of marine insurance legislation in several countries. However, it has been recognised that some parts of the MIA 1906 have begun to show their antiquated nature, especially where established principles which were once thought to reflect undoubted propositions of law are now being openly criticised. Since 2006, the Law Commission and Scottish Law Commission (the 'Law Commissions') have been engaged in a major review of insurance contract law, finally leading to the Insurance Act 2015. The Insurance Act 2015 received Royal Assent on 12 February 2015, and was based primarily on the joint recommendations of the Law Commissions. The 2015 Act made substantial changes to several main areas of marine insurance law & practice: (i) the replacement of the pre-contractual duty of disclosure with a duty to make a "fair presentation of the risk"; (ii) the abolition of the "insurance warranty" under the Marine Insurance Act 1906, s.33, and provision of a new default remedy of suspension of liability until the breach is cured; (iii) partial codification of the fraudulent claims rule in insurance contract law, etc. The Act did not provide for any new statutory duty for insurers to investigate or pay claims in a timely fashion, although this may be revisited in the next Parliament. Moreover, the Law Commissions have reopened their consideration of the doctrine of insurable interest. The 2015Actmay not then signal the end of the legislative programme in this area.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.97-111
• /
• 2016

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the policy status of traditional medicine standardization between Korea and China as well as to derive a strategic development plan for Korean medicine standardization. Methods: The existing national plans and preceding studies on traditional medicine standardization in Korea and China were reviewed, and scope of the study was categorized as having three main aspects: infrastructure; standard development and standardization activities; and application and diffusion. Results: Nine development plans for Korean medicine standardization derived under the study were as follows: With regard to infrastructure of standardization, 1) standardization plan of Korean medicine shall be established based on involvement of multi-government ministries. 2) It shall be set with a consistent cooperation process among standardization-related organizations, as well as 3) encourage the industry to participate in standardization activities. To activate standards development, 4) launching the R&D-standardization-industrialization linked project, 5) supporting Korean medicine society and the mirror committee for motivation, and 6) planning the international joint research for development of standard and expanding standardization activities are recommended. In the aspect of application, there is a need for 7) expanding certification systems for the industry and 8) evaluation and feedback on the life-cycle of standardization. Lastly, 9) educational programs for training experts of standardization shall be developed and implemented. Conclusions: In order to invigorate standardization activities for Korean medicine, enhancement of planning and evaluation capacity, ensuring the strategic development of standards, broadening boundaries of international standardization activities, and training professionals are required.