• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.34
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• pp.34-62
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• 2006

The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was held in two phases. The first phase took place in Geneva, December 2003, and the second phase took place in Tunis, November 2005. The objective of the WSIS was to establish the foundations for an Information Society for all, reflecting all the different interests at stake. In relation to, this article explore the vision and paradigm of WSIS. For this, this article review the historical context of International information order and International agreements, and examine the issues of WSIS. As a result, I recognize, It is valuable that the process of WSIS for Global governance was held among governments and other stakeholders, i.e. the private sector, civil society and international organization. In addition, developing countries's voice are deeply reflected on the WSIS. It is noticeable that ITU played key role as coordinator. However, we are anxious that WSIS's vision for Information society have a bias toward Technology determinism. Eventually, this article argue that WSIS discourse is the lack of any serious and critical structural analysis of the politico-economic context.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.131-153
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• 2002

An information technology revolution is sweeping the world driven by digitalization and tremendous popularity of the Internet. Electronic commerce and trade is the mainstream of this trend, and realization of a cyberspace without physical, spatial, and time restraints has led radical structural changes in international trade. Northeast Asia including Korea, China and Japan is becoming more important as a core economic region in terms of economic growth, intra-regional trade in particular. The introduction to electronic trade system and networks would playa vital role in speeding up trade of commodities, service and information etc. Therefore the study aims to examine a scheme to facilitate international trade in Northeast Asia by establishing information infrastructures. The study begins with reviewing current situation in information infrastructure such as the number of PC, utilization ratio of internet, information network, volume of electronic commerce. It is analyzed that what kinds of obstacles to facilitating electronic trade in Northeast Asian countries in terms of physical infrastructure, institutions, regulations, technologies regarding information exchange among countries. Finally this study presents some suggestions in order to remove the problems currently existed in vitalizing electronic trade.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.113-132
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• 2003

The recent advancement of information technology bas impacted immensely on international trade. Particularly, the Internet revolution bas been the driving force behind the expansion of electronic commerce (e-commerce: EC), of which Trade e-Marketplace has been playing very important role in doing international trade. This study analyses its concept, features, types and present state, and also bas an outlook of it in the future based on a precedent and literature study on this subject in order that the trade business and small corporations understand more deeply and use it effectively.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.318-328
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• 2020

Letter of Credit (L/C) is currently a very popular international settlement method frequently used in international trade processes amongst countries around the globe. Compared with other international settlement methods, however, L/C has some obvious shortcomings. Firstly, it is not easy to use due to the sophisticated processes its usage involves. Secondly, it is sometimes accompanied by a few risks and some uncertainty. Thus, highly efficient methods need to be used to assess and control these risks. To begin with, FAHP and KMV methods are used to resolve the problem of incomplete information associated with L/C and then, on this basis, Bayesian game theory is used in order to make more scientific and reasonable decisions with respect to international trade.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-43
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• 2009

This article explored the customers protection regulations in electronic payment system by Article 4A of the UCC and EFTA of 1978 and by Electronic Financial Transaction Act of Korea. Both Korea and America have various regulations to protect concerned parties(customers). For examples, the errors of payment order, money-back guarantee, and unauthorized payment order etc. First, this Article focuses on the allocation of risk of loss caused by ambiguous term in payment orders that do not express the subjective intention of the senders. Second, most rights and obligations created by Article 4A of America can be varied with the agreement of affected parties. But there are some exceptions. The exceptions include the money-back guarantee. So Receiving bank have to pay to originator the ordered money included interest. However, Korea also has money-back guarantee but bank do not pay interest to sender. Lastly, Electronic Funds Transfer Act of 1978 and Regulation E has US$ 50 regulation in order to protect customers on the unauthorized payment order. Article 4A imposes duty to detect unauthorized payment orders to originator in relation to the establishment of commercially reasonable security procedure, while Korean law imposes the duty to notify the bank in order to decrease the loss resulted from unauthorized payment order.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.233-257
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• 2009

The 21st century is witnessing the explosive increase in the usage of internet and international electronic transactions. Due to the unique characteristics of the electronic information, substantial part of such transaction can and do take the form of cross-border transactions. However, there have not been settled appropriate set of rules applicable to the international electronic transactions. Currently, in respect to e-L/C transactions in international trade, there are laws such as Electronic Transaction Basic Act in our country, E-Trade Promotion Act, E-Signature Law, Act on Promotion of Information and Communication Network Utilization and Information Protection and Marine Charter 5 in the Commercial Law. Nevertheless, a complete legislation, that is a uniform rule for e L/C which could support e L/C transactions fully hasn't been established yet. Accordingly, those laws concerned need to improve to regulate e-L/C transactions. The purpose of this paper is to look into the national status for law readjustment to prepare for a new electronic environment and to use appropriately the e-L/C issued by electronic means, and to conduct a comparative analysis on the related regulations to introduce a pertinent laws and propose related regulations to contribute to the making of effective laws to regulate e-L/C.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to examine the scope of the application of Preliminary Draft Convention, which will be fixed as international uniform rules soon, in relation to the CISG. First, this Draft Convention will cover service contracts as well as sales contract of goods, but the license agreement will be excepted because it does not transfer the complete property. Second, this will cover the commercial contracts(sales or services) concluded by data message fully or partially. Third, this will be applied in international contract regardless of contracting states or non-contracting states. As it is very difficult to confirm the places of business of contracting parties in on-line contracts, the first criterion to confirm them is the indication by the party in each contract. This presumption may be supplemented, if they are not indicated in the contract, by the location of the equipment and technology supporting an information system used by a legal entity for the conclusion of a contract. It is essential to establish an international uniform rules as soon as possible in order to activate the international businesses with on-line basis. Thus this author hopes that this paper will contribute to the clear understanding to the scope of application of Preliminary Draft Convention for which the UNCITRAL is under working.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.135-141
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• 2013

PURPOSES: In this study, as part of an effort to develop HUD for public transit, it is proposed that the decision of order priority of contents which will be disposed to bus drivers through HUD for public transit using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique. METHODS: In AHP analysis method brainstorming, factor analysis, hierarchical structuring, and weighting analysis were performed by applying a classical analysis method. RESULTS: By the result of analysis it is shown that unlike car drivers, bus drivers prefer information related to bus intervals, bus stop, and door open and close to information related to vehicle running. Also, bus stop information and bus interval information were ranked as first and second place in order priority of HUD contents for public transit by experts. CONCLUSIONS: This method of selecting order priority of HUD contents for public transit can provide a basic foundation for selecting order priority of traffic information contents as well as other HUD contents.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.58
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• pp.287-311
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• 2013

In this study, the scope of previous logistics security were focused only on port and ship. Because of it now extends to the overall (export and import) supply chain areas and in regards with supply security programs in the international level, it reviewed supply chain security programs categorized them into 'ships and port security system', 'container screening system', 'logistics chain authorization system' which are expanded to be adopted in the international level. The major features of those programs are summarized as in building risk management system, providing information ahead, selectivity test and benefits to AEO authorized companies in the customs administration level. The government and companies which are to ensure supply chain security and trade facilitation in order to cope actively with international customs administrative atmosphere need to do the followings : First, they need to build an intra-government integrated supply chain security and make efforts to conclude AEO MRA in order to increase trade competitiveness among major trading countries. Second, they need to build supply chain risk management system in order to enhance management performance through overseas market and company level strategy to obtain and maintain AEO authorization in the company level.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.49-74
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• 2005

E-business has received much attention from entrepreneurs, executives, investors, and industry observers recently. The Internet is flourishing and the World Wide Web is growing at an exponential rate In recent years, information has become the critical commodity needed for success in the changing global economic order. Accordingly, business organizations have come to the conclusion that they require an extensive data repository in order to acquire a competitive advantage in a dynamically change market. This rich assortment of data must further be delivered and deliverable enterprise-wide in a secure and cost-efficient manner. Information technology(IT) has created the E-business as a vitally important mechanism for the storage, dissemination, and even the analysis data. The E-business has become increasingly important to a growing number of organizations in Korea in relatively short order. The present study is an attempt to develop a more through understanding of the potential and actual impact of the E-business on organizational functions and activities. Expecially, it also consists of an effort to assess the impact of the E-business on productivity. The research also addresses the issue of how the E-business affects productivity and shapes or modifies business activities. The results of literature review and study revealed that middle managers believe that the extent of the E-business use is significantly related to improvements in overall organizational functions and activities. While communication, decision-making, productivity, work collaboration, and business activities are all enhanced by E-business use, productivity appears to be most dramatically improved by Intranet use.