• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.645-661
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• 2024

Today, the development of new technologies due to the 4th industrial revolution requires work performance methods such as non-face-to-face collaboration. In response to this, various VR collaboration tools are emerging, but VR collaboration tools for brainstorming, which are used in collaboration or design development work, are not provided. Therefore, despite the advantages and possibilities of VR for non-face-to-face collaboration, there are limitations in practical use. Accordingly, the development of VR collaboration tools in a digitalized work environment is necessary, and research on UI design development for this is required. The purpose of this study is to propose a VR collaboration tool prototype by developing an interaction UI design that applies user hand behavior elements that appear during collaboration sessions through user research. This study was a qualitative study. The research method was to conduct user research through observation and in-depth interviews, and as a result of analyzing the data obtained from this, five types of user hand behavior elements were derived. In this study, an interaction UI design was developed that reflects hand gestures as behavioral elements. And using Unity and the Oculus Integration SDK Kit, we created a prototype VR collaboration tool that can be used without a controller. As a result of conducting a user evaluation of the prototype produced in this study, it was found that users had difficulty making hand gestures accurately, and it was possible to find areas for improvement in UI design. It is expected that this study will help develop interaction UI design for VR collaboration tools that can increase work efficiency.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 2024

The development of artificial intelligence technology changes the social structure and educational environment, and the importance of artificial intelligence capabilities continues to increase. This study was conducted with the purpose of developing a checklist of questions to measure AI capabilities of elementary school students. To achieve the purpose of the study, a Delphi survey was used to analyze literature and develop questions. For literature analysis, two domestic studies, five international studies, and the Ministry of Education's curriculum report were collected through a search. The collected data was analyzed to construct core competency measurement elements. The core competency measurement elements consisted of understanding artificial intelligence (6 elements), artificial intelligence thinking (4 elements), artificial intelligence ethics (4 elements), and artificial intelligence social-emotion (3 elements). Considering the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of the constructed measurement elements, 19 questions were developed. The developed questions were verified through the first Delphi survey, and 7 questions were revised according to the revision opinions. The validity of 19 questions was verified through the second Delphi survey. The checklist items developed in this study are measured by teacher evaluation based on performance and behavioral observations rather than a self-report questionnaire. This has the implication that the measurement results of competency are raised to a reliable level.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.219-227
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• 2024

The rapidly changing security environment and technological innovations of the 21st century present new challenges to military organizations. Particularly, as the MZ generation, comprised of Millennials (born 1981-1996) and Generation Z (born 1997-2012), emerges as the primary workforce in the military, traditional military personnel management methods are being called into question. The MZ generation, as digital natives, are technologically proficient, prioritize personal growth and quality of life, and prefer horizontal communication and participation. The purpose of this study is to reestablish talent acquisition and retention strategies for military organizations, considering the characteristics and demands of the MZ generation. To this end, we analyzed advanced talent management techniques from the corporate sector and explored ways to apply them to the unique context of military organizations. Additionally, by examining the current status and challenges of the Korean military, we attempted a balanced approach that considers both global trends and Korea's specific circumstances. The research results suggest various strategies including career development programs, cultural innovation, improvement of reward systems, participatory decision-making, enhancement of digital competencies, and creation of flexible work environments. These strategies are expected to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of military organizations while simultaneously enhancing job satisfaction and organizational commitment among MZ generation service members.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.195-200
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to propose optimized cognitive warfare strategies for the Korean Peninsula by analyzing recent war case studies. Through the analysis of the Armenia-Azerbaijan war, the Israel-Palestine conflict, the Ukraine-Russia war, and the Israel-Hamas conflict, it was found that the following aspects are crucial in conducting cognitive warfare: 1) applying methods according to objectives, 2) organizing and structuring appropriately to the objectives and means, and 3) utilizing various means from both civilian and military sectors. Based on these findings, cognitive warfare strategies optimized for the operational environment of the Korean Peninsula were suggested in terms of the three elements of military innovation. From the aspect of methodology, it is recommended to develop cognitive warfare scenarios based on legitimacy and legality, and to integrate roles according to the level of warfare. Regarding organization and structuring, the establishment of a national-level control tower and the construction of an integrated response system involving civilians, government, military, and police based on legislation are proposed. In terms of means, it is suggested to utilize various tools from the civilian, government, military, and police sectors, such as North Korean defectors, psychological warfare broadcasts against North Korea, social media, and cyber operations, for auditory, visual, and message delivery. In future battlefields characterized by hyper-connectivity and hyper-intelligence, the execution of cognitive warfare will become increasingly important. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously develop optimized cognitive warfare strategies for the Korean Peninsula through comprehensive national efforts.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.725-733
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• 2024

This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence-based model for predicting the causes of chemical accidents, utilizing data on 865 chemical accident situations and cases provided by the Chemical Safety Agency under the Ministry of Environment from January 2014 to January 2024. The research involved training the data using six artificial intelligence models and compared evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Based on 356 chemical accident cases from 2020 to 2024, additional training data sets were applied using chemical accident cause investigations and similar accident prevention measures suggested by the Chemical Safety Agency from 2021 to 2022. Through this process, the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model showed an accuracy of 0.6590 and a precision of 0.6821. the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model showed an accuracy of 0.6590 and a precision of 0.6821. The Logistic Regression model improved its accuracy from 0.6647 to 0.7778 and its precision from 0.6790 to 0.7992, confirming that the Logistic Regression model is the most effective for predicting the causes of chemical accidents.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.1322-1322
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• 2024

Reinforced concrete (RC) , a major contributor to resource depletion and harmful emissions, fuels research on optimizing its design. Optimizing RC structures is challenging due to the mix of discrete and continuous variables, hindering traditional differentiation-based methods. Thus, this study aims to optimize RC structures cost-effectively using deep reinforcement learning. When the Agent selects design variables, Environment checks design criteria based on KDS 14-20 code (South Korea) and calculates reward. The Agent updates its Neural Network with this reward. Target for optimization is a simply supported doubly RC beam, with design variables including cross-section dimensions, sizes and quantities of tension and compression reinforcement, and size of stirrups. We used 200,000 training sets and 336 test sets, each with live load, dead load, beam length variables. To exclude labeled data, multiple training iterations were conducted. In the initial training, the reward was the ratio of maximum possible cost at beam length to the designed structure's cost. Next iterations used the ratio of optimal values by the previous Agent to the current Agent as the reward. Training ended when the difference between optimal values from the previous and current Agent was within 1% for test data. Brute Force Algorithm was applied to the test set to calculate the actual cost-optimal design for validation. Results showed within 10% difference from actual optimal cost, indicating successful deep reinforcement learning application without labeled data. This study benefits the rapid and accurate calculation of optimized designs and construction processes in Building Information Modeling (BIM) applications.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.143-167
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• 2010

Diverse research topics relating to Social Network Services (SNS) such as, social affective factors in relationships among internet users, social capital value of SNS, comparing attributes why users are intending to participate in SNS, user's lifestyle and their preferences, and the exploratory seeking potential of SNS as a social capital need to be focused on. However, these researches that have been undertaken only consider facts at a particular period of the changing computing environment. In accordance with this indispensability, the integrated view on what technical, social and business characteristics and attributes need to be acknowledged. The purpose of this study is to analyze the evolving attributes and characteristics of SNS from Web 1.0 to Mobile web 2.0 through the Web 2.0 and Mobile 1.0 period. Based on the relevant literature, the attributes that drive the changing technological, social and business aspects of SNS have been developed and analyzed. This exploratory study analyzed major attributes and relationships between SNS and users by changing the paradigms which represented each period. It classified and chronicled each period by representing paradigms and deducted the attributes by considering three aspects such as technological, social and business administration. The major findings of this study are, firstly, the web based computing environment has been changed into the platform attribute for users in the aspect of technology. Users can only read, listen and view information through the web site in the early stages, but now it is possible that users can create, modify and distribute all kinds of information. Secondly, the few knowledge producers of web services have been changed into a collective intelligence by groups of people in the aspect of society. Information authority has been distributed and there is no limit to its spread. Many businesses recognized the potential of the SNS and they are considering how to utilize these advantages toward channel of promotion and marketing. Thirdly, the conventional marketing channel has been changed into oral transmission by using SNS. The market of innovative mobile technology such as smart phones, which provide convenience and access-ability toward customers, has been enlarged. New opportunities to build friendly relationship between business and customers as a new marketing chance have been created. Finally, the role of the consumer has been changed into the leading role of a prosumer. Users can create, modify and distribute information, and are performing the dual role of customer and producer.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2014

Environmental problems and the shortage of natural resources are currently gathering more attention in Korea and international countries. With these problems, it is reported that most current domestic buildings are emitting approximately 138 million tons of greenhouse gas. According to a recent report from the investigation of Korean housing population, the total number of households is approximately 12.9 millions, and the apartments that were built more than 15 years ago amounted to 3.1 millions. This shows that the rates of old apartment housings are increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the deteriorated facilities and environmental improvement. Also, the construction industry is benefited by improving these housings which may need either remodeling or reconstruction. Environmental friendly buildings are a rising consideration for remodeling and reconstruction projects; it helps to determine many business matters in construction. The main purpose of this research is to improve environmental condition in apartments with comparison analysis between remodeling and reconstruction alternatives. This research is focused on characteristics of remodeling and reconstruction and it sets up the same condition with each level in order to evaluate the value of environmental friendliness and analyze its definition. The result of this research provides a unique emitting rate at a novel framework and this will cause the reduction of $CO_2$. It is analyzed that the remodeling construction can reduce the great amount of $CO_2$. Therefore, it will be a good decision guideline in selecting the most eco-friendly alternative to improve environment for building construction. Although reconstruction is a popular alternative nowadays in Korea, this research can provide a reason why decision makers should put more emphasis on remodeling as an environment-friendly alternative.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.16
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• pp.59-76
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• 2005

The inner and outer environment surrounding companies becomes more insecure and unpredictable due to sudden changes. Because the change of environment surrounding companies can deeply affect the existence of companies, continuous innovation of organization is required to develope management ability. Also, to conquer insecure present and future of companies effectively, organizations of companies have voluntarily coped with insecurities and intense competitions through endless organization innovation. Externally, globalization, openness, and relaxed regulation intensify competitions; consumers' requests get varied; consciousness of members of organizations have changed. Due to those factors, companies are placed in a situation that they should practice endless inner innovation. Internally, competitive power has weakened due to decline in productivity and inefficiency of indirect parts of company has increased. From those factors, managers increasingly request inner innovation and pursue organization innovation for the purpose of effective usage of extra resources and being prepared for the future. The managers who operate organization innovation think that systematized approach to organization innovation is the most practical, and actually operate the thought. However, the negative side of the thought is not neglectable. To minimize inner and outer resistance and to operate organization innovation successfully, some innovation strategies that properly reflect several issues related to organization innovation should be prepared. Another words, organization innovation should be operated differently by cases that if it focuses on personal perspective or on organization's. For many cases of our country, several techniques of organization innovation have been adopted in a short time and operated without making its original use. Therefore, this study looks into major Issues that should be considered for more successful operation of organization innovation, from both personal aspect and organizational aspect. When considering such aspects and operate organization innovation, there is more possibility to succeed on organization innovation. Now, Korean companies have overcame trial period and reborn as global companies. Take warnings by the ordeal under IMF administration, this is time to secure international competitive power by using developed innovation techniques and transform to superior company. Managers need to recognize that to try successful organization innovation is the shortcut to reborn as competitive company, and should take a continuous and profound search for decisive factors to succeed on organization innovation. To operate successful organization innovation, first, at the step of planning organization. innovation, the company should understand the company's capability, position in market and relationship with competitors. Then, the company should establish a distinguished innovation strategy which is of the whole company's aspect, so that the company can freely choose various technique of organization innovation that suits for the company's capability and needs, and unfold the organization innovation movement. Establishing strategy in the aspect of the total company is very important because it offers clear focus of the purpose of adopt, priority and distribution of resources. Second, at the step of operating organization innovation, the company should define concrete purpose and method to evaluate the results that are expected to obtain by adopting organization innovation in advance. While pushing forward, the company should set proper time of examination(milestone) and inspect if expected results are shown. Third, at the step of afterward management of operating organization innovation, the company requires a thorough afterwards verification if targeted results are obtained and of confirmation of successful or failure factors. Also, the company should cultivate specialists in the company who can accumulate and continuously spread the know-how learned during organization innovation promotion, so the know-how don't remain only in certain departments or to a few people in charge. The company should also give effort to maintain the accumulated innovation techniques to be continued.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.349-364
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• 2017

Duckweed family (Lemnaceae Martinov), including the genus Lemna L., is a typical floating aquatic perennial plant, and about five genera and 40 species in the family are in wide distribution around the world except the polar regions. The genus Lemna is the smallest and the simplest plant among the angiosperms. It has a characteristic of doubling every three days with fast vegetative propagation, which helps the organisms to increase in rapid growth. As such, the plant is ideal for environmental pollution assessment and toxicity test. Although taxonomists and scholars have used different scientific names for the species, many of them have agreed that there is only one member of species of the genus Lemna in Korea. Paying attention to the external morphological variation observed in the Korean genus Lemna, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis to identify the entity of the Korean Lemna species and to investigate the possibility of two or more members of the species existing in Korea. We determined and aligned the DNA sequences of the atpF-H region of the chloroplast DNA in 37 populations of the nationally distributed Lemna species. The results showed that the sequence length of the cp DNA atpF-H region was 463-483 bp, the length of the aligned sequences was 488 bp, and the number of variation site in nucleotide sequences was 47. There were two types of aligned sequences of the cp DNA atpF-H region from 37 populations of Lemna species in Korea. The maximum parsimony analysis revealed that the Korean Lemna consists of two clades, and one of them had two subclades. The results suggest that, contrary to the general understanding, at least two taxa (L.aequinoctialis, L.minor) exist in Korea.