• 청정기술
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.256-269
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• 2017

국내외 자원순환규제 대응 및 온실가스 저감을 위해 자동차산업에서는 부품의 소재 종류의 수를 줄여 재활용률 목표치를 달성하고, 폐기단계 또는 제조단계에서 발생하는 불량 및 스크랩을 순환자원으로 재활용하는 노력을 하고 있다. 또한 기존 제품의 성능은 유지하면서 온실가스 저감 목표치를 달성하기 위해 부품 경량화를 추진하고 있다. 기존제품의 폐기단계에서 100% 소각을 하던 제품을 개선제품에서는 제조전단계와 제조단계에서 발생하는 스크랩, 불량을 수거하여 90%의 재활용이 가능하도록 개선했다. 또한 기존제품 대비 56% 경량화를 통해 연비 개선효과를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서는 자동차 언더커버를 대상으로 유니소재화 제품 개발 적용가능성에 대한 사전평가를 실시하고, 개발된 시제품의 전과정평가를 통해 기존제품과 개발된 시제품의 환경영향값을 비교, 분석하고자 한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1617-1624
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• 2011

Caustic (NaOH) solution is used to remove $H_2S$ from hydrocarbon streams in petroleum refining industry, gradually being, so called, spent sulfidic caustic (SSC) which has high levels of $H_2S$ and alkalinity. Thus, SSC can be used as an electron donor and a buffering agent for autotrophic denitrification. As SSC, however, contains some non-biodegradable organics, air stripping was conducted to remove the non-biodegradable organics. As a result, over 93 % of the non-biodegradable organics was removed within 30 min of aeration. Then, $Na_2S_2O_3{\cdot}5H_2O$, methanol and organic matters, which are produced from a biodiesel production plant, were added to reform the air-stripped SSC and their products being referred to new sulfidic caustics (NSCs) I, II and III, respectively. Thereafter, to investigate the effect of these products on the removal of COD and TN, these products were injected to a biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process, resulting in additional 44 % TN removal without noticeable increase in the effluent COD level. Therefore, it can be said that the BNR process is a promising option to treat NSC as demonstrated in this study whose results can be useful for developing resource recovery technologies.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 7th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Summit Forum on Sustainable Construction and Management
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• pp.24-31
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• 2017

As the concept of sustainability becomes more and more popular, a large amount of literature have been recorded recently on intelligent green building and smart city (IGB&SC). It is therefore needed to systematically analyse the existing knowledge structure as well as the future new development of this domain through the identification of the thematic trends, landmark articles, typical keywords together with co-operative researchers. In this paper, Citespace software package is applied to analyse the citation networks and other relevant data of the past eleven years (from 2006 to 2016) collected from Web of Science (WOS). Through this, a series of professional document analysis are conducted, including the production of core authors, the influence made by the most cited authors, keywords extraction and timezone analysis, hot topics of research, highly cited papers and trends with regard to co-citation analysis, etc. As a result, the development track of the IGB&SC domains is revealed and visualized and the following results reached: (i) in the research area of IGB&SC, the most productive researcher is Winters JV and Caragliu A is most influential on the other hand; (ii) different focuses of IGB&SC research have been emerged continually from 2006 to 2016 e.g. smart growth, sustainability, smart city, big data, etc.; (iii) Hollands's work is identified with the most citations and the emerging trends, as revealed from the bursts analysis in document co-citations, can be concluded as smart growth, the assessment of intelligent green building and smart city.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2015

We previously demonstrated that bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes promote adipogenic gene expression in muscle satellite cells in a co-culture system. Herein we hypothesize that saturated fatty acids would promote adipogenic/lipogenic gene expression, whereas mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids would have the opposite effect. Bovine semimembranosus satellite cells (BSC) and intramuscular preadipocytes (IPA) were isolated from crossbred steers and cultured with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS)/Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and 1% antibiotics during the 3-d proliferation period. After proliferation, cells were treated for 3 d with 3% horse serum/DMEM (BSC) or 5% FBS/DMEM (IPA) with antibiotics. Media also contained $10{\mu}g/mL$ insulin and $10{\mu}g/mL$ pioglitazone. Subsequently, differentiating BSC and IPA were cultured in their respective media with $40{\mu}M$ palmitic, stearic, oleic, or linoleic acid for 4 d. Finally, BSC and IPA were single- or co-cultured for an additional 2 h. All fatty acid treatments increased (p = 0.001) carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 beta ($CPT1{\beta}$) gene expression, but the increase in $CPT1{\beta}$ gene expression was especially pronounced in IPA incubated with palmitic and stearic acid (6- to 17-fold increases). Oleic and linoleic acid decreased (p = 0.001) stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression over 80% in both BSC and IPA. Conversely, palmitic and stearic acid increased SCD gene expression three fold in co-cultured in IPA, and stearic acid increased $AMPK{\alpha}$ gene expression in single- and co-cultured BSC and IPA. Consistent with our hypothesis, saturated fatty acids, especially stearic acid, promoted adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression, whereas unsaturated fatty acids decreased expression of those genes associated with fatty acid metabolism.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2016

하이테크 산업은 이른바 스마트 농업의 융합에 장벽을 극복하기 위해 농업의 경관을 바꾸고있다. 정밀 농업의 핵심인 온도, 습도, 위치 정보 및 실시간 요약 정보 모든 중요한 ICT 제어 기술은 버섯 재배 온도, 습도, 조명, 이산화탄소 등의 제어가 가능한 컨테이너형 버섯재배시스템을 설계제작하였으며, 버섯 재배에 활용가능성을 노루궁뎅이버섯을 대상으로 시험을 수행하였다. 노루궁뎅이버섯의 초발이소요일수는 청색 LED광에서 6~7일, 광량 $40{\sim}47Pmol/m^2s$ 적색 LED광에서 4~6일로 유사하였고 생체중은 적색 LED광에서 95g으로 타처리구에 비해 우수하였다. 앞으로 컨테이너형 버섯재배시스템의 국내활용도 향상시켜 국내 판매와 캐나다 등 극한지역을 포함한 외국 수출이 계획되어 있다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2019

해외에서는 도심지나 하천 통과구간의 많은 터널은 쉴드TBM으로 시공되고 있고, 관련 장비발주가 이뤄지고 있으며 이에 따라 발주처가 장비제작에 필요한 사양서를 제공하고 있다. 또한, 전문인력 양성 프로그램을 이수한 사람이 TBM장비를 운영하도록 한다. 이는 기계화 시공으로 유발되는 현장에서의 장비운영 상의 리스크를 최소화하기 위함이다. 그러나 국내에서는 아직까지 이러한 시스템이 구축되어져 있지 않아 많은 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 국내외 기계화 시공 시 제공되어 지고 있는 입찰안내서의 차이를 알아보고 해외에서 이뤄지고 있는 전문인력 교육 프로그램을 조사하였다. 향후 국내 입찰안내서에 포함되는 필수적인 장비 사양의 가이드라인을 제시하고, 전문인력 교육 프로그램에 필요한 안내서를 제공하고자 한다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2009

Trichomonas vaginalis commonly causes vaginitis and perhaps cervicitis in women and urethritis in men and women. Macrophages are important immune cells in response to T. vaginalis infection. In this study, we investigated whether human macrophages could be involved in inflammation induced by T. vaginalis. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) were co-cultured with T. vaginalis. Live, opsonized-live trichomonads, and T. vaginalis Iysates increased proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 by HMDM. The involvement of nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway in cytokine production induced by T. vaginalis was confirmed by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 NF-${\kappa}B$. In addition, stimulation with live T. vaginalis induced marked augmentation of nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) levels in HMDM. However, trichomonad-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in macrophages were significantly inhibited by inhibition of iNOS levels with L-NMMA (NO synthase inhibitor). Moreover, pretreatment with NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitors (PDTC or Bay11-7082) caused human macrophages to produce less TNF-${\alpha}$. These results suggest that T. vaginalis stimulates human macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$, and NO. In particular, we showed that T. vaginalis induced TNF-${\alpha}$ production in macrophages through NO-dependent activation of NF-${\kappa}B$, which might be closely involved in inflammation caused by T. vaginalis.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1451-1459
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• 2021

Objective: The objectives of the study were to evaluate reproductive performance and selection response through genetic trend of community-based breeding programs (CBBPs) of Bonga sheep. Methods: Reproduction traits data were collected between 2012 and 2018 from Bonga sheep CBBPs. Phenotypic performance was analyzed using the general linear model procedures of Statistical Analysis System. Genetic parameters were estimated by univariate animal model for age at first lambing (AFL) and repeatability models for lambing interval (LI), litter size (LS), and annual reproductive rate (ARR) traits using restricted maximum likelihood method of WOMBAT. For correlations bivariate animal model was used. Best model was chosen based on likelihood ratio test. The genetic trends were estimated by the weighted regression of the average breeding value of the animals on the year of birth/lambing. Results: The overall least squares mean±standard error of AFL, LI, LS, and ARR were 375±12.5, 284±9.9, 1.45±0.010, and 2.31±0.050, respectively. Direct heritability estimates for AFL, LI, LS, and ARR were 0.07±0.190, 0.06±0.120, 0.18±0.070, and 0.25±0.203, respectively. The low heritability for both AFL and LI showed that these traits respond little to selection programs but rather highly depend on animal management options. The annual genetic gains were -0.0281 days, -0.016 days, -0.0002 lambs and 0.0003 lambs for AFL, LI, LS, and ARR, respectively. Conclusion: Implications of the result to future improvement programs were improving management of animals, conservation of prolific flocks and out scaling the CBBP to get better results.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

The parameter design is the most emphasized measure by researchers for a new products development. It is critical for makers to achieve simultaneously in both the time-to-market production and the quality enhancement. However, there are difficulties in practical application, such as (1) complexity and nonlinear relationships co-existed among the system's inputs, outputs and control parameters, (2) interactions occurred among parameters, (3) where the adjustment factors of Taguchi's two-phase optimization procedure cannot be sure to exist in practice, and (4) for some reasons, the data became lost or were never available. For these incomplete data, the Taguchi methods cannot treat them well. Neural networks have a learning capability of fault tolerance and model free characteristics. These characteristics support the neural networks as a competitive tool in processing multivariable input-output implementation. The successful fields include diagnostics, robotics, scheduling, decision-making, prediction, etc. This research is a case study of spherical annealing model. In the beginning, an original model is used to pre-fix a model of parameter design. Then neural networks are introduced to achieve another model. Study results showed both of them could perform the highest spherical level of quality.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

Gears, crucial components in modern precision machinery for power transmission mechanisms, are required to have low contacting noise with high torque transmission, which makes the use of gear-tooth profile modifications and gear-tooth surface crowning extremely efficient and valuable. Due to the shortcomings of current techniques, such as manual rectification, mechanical modification, and numerically controlled rectification, we propose a novel electrochemical gear-tooth profile modification method based on an artificial neural network control technique. The fundamentals of electrochemical tooth-profile modifications based on real-time control and a mathematical model of the process are discussed in detail. Due to the complex and uncertain relationships among the machining parameters of electrochemical tooth-profile modification processes, we used an artificial neural network to determine the required processing electric current as the tooth-profile modification requirements were supplied. The system was implemented and a practical example was used to demonstrate that this technology is feasible and has potential applications in the production of precision machinery.