• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.295-316
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• 2017

The job creation is one of the important issue from the public and private sector. For the job opportunity, the private sector would contribute to create plentiful opportunities for job-seekers. Especially, foreign donor countries has fostered the development consulting firm in the private sector with the legal and institutional support. As the result, it has played the important role to create the job opportunity for whoever want to find the way in the international development cooperation. However, South Korea does not yet make the environment as much as foreign donor countries. Hence, this study aims to analyze the case on fostering the development consulting firm in the international development cooperation to draw the political implication for South Korea. With this, the result of the study is significant to rebuild the index on the impact evaluation of the employment that is fit to the international development cooperation. Thus, foreign donor countries suggests that fostering the development consulting firms in the international development cooperation should be based on the political and institutional support, tied network, and sustainable supply of human resources. Indeed, the improvement of the index on the impact evaluation of the employment would contribute to correctly measure the impact from the development consulting firm in the private sector.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.285-302
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• 2019

Good faith is difficult to define due to the facts that there is not an objective and concrete concept of good faith, and good faith in contracts for the international sale of goods is a principle that parties to the contract must act with sincerity as members of a social community. The Korean Supreme Court shall pay attention to setting the applicable standards that can be universally applied to good faith based on the self-established criteria. Through such effort, it is possible not only to realize the value of concrete validity pursued by the general clause of good faith but also to realize the value of legal stability by assuring the predictability of results when applying good faith. In the modern sense, it can be said that the arbitrary application of general rules rather than the escape and general clauses is a problematic situation in the application of good faith, but this problem can be solved by setting a reasonable standard of good faith. This paper studies good faith in the view of Korean law, international laws, and related cases in contract law. The purpose of this paper is to find the problems and solutions of the practical application of good faith by analyzing the Korean case (2009Da86000), which undermined the legal stability of good faith in Korea.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.21-33
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• 2020

This study aims to determine if the current COVID-19 event can be admitted as an excuse for non-performance in international trade transactions. In order to do so, this study selected case study method in the analysis. Firstly, the definitions of Force Majeure addressed in CISG, UCC, Chinese Law, and Korean Law were organized. Secondly, this study reviewed the avian influenza event in 2006 and the natural disaster event occurred in Guangdong, China, in 2017. In the study, three critical evaluation factors are suggested in order to be admitted as a Force Majeure event in international transactions as following: 1) possibility of foresight of the event, 2) possibility to overcome and avoid the event, and 3) the enterprise's countermeasures of the event. As an implication, this study organized the definitions of Force Majeure that were indicated in various kinds of Laws and suggested the basic framework to analyze the possibility of admittance as a Force Majeure event.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.39-52
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• 2019

There are various factors to consider when parties to an international agreement draft a dispute resolution clause in their written contract. These factors can be classified into two categories. The first category is about the parties and the nature of the contract, such as the parties' places of business and whether the contract contains a simple transaction or has a complicated nature. The second category is about the applicable rules of the parties' places of business or performance such as the private international law, service of process rules, and enforcement of court judgment and arbitration award rules. When parties to an international contract agree to a litigation, they normally choose a forum court and a governing law. In selecting a forum court and a governing law, the parties must consider private international law, service of process rules, and enforcement of judgement rules of candidate forums. In case the parties agree to an arbitration, they have to choose between institutional arbitration and ad hoc arbitration. For ad hoc arbitration, parties still need to further agree on which arbitration rules to use, and in which place the arbitration shall take place. Mediation involves a similar kind of decision as with arbitration. Traditionally, national courts of the parties' places of business have been used as litigation forums in dispute resolution clauses but, recently, arbitration is being increasingly employed as an alternative dispute resolution method in international contracts. Moreover, there have been international efforts to utilize mediation as a dispute resolution method in international commercial issues. Rather than simply taking a dispute resolution clause provided in a sample written contract, parties to an international contract must carefully consider various relevant factors in order to insert a dispute resolution clause which will work well for a particular contract.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.149-171
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to examine the Measures against Risks in International Investment Agreement: focusing on Umbrella Clause and MIGA. Umbrella Clauses have become a regular feature of international investment agreements and have been included to provide additional protection to investors by covering the contractual obligations in investment agreements between host countries and foreign investors. The meaning of umbrella clauses is one of the most controversial issues with which international arbitral tribunals have been recently confronted with while adjudicating investment disputes brought before them MIGA issues guarantees against non-commercial risks for investments, such as: currency transfer restrictions, expropriations, war and civil disturbances and breach of contract by host governments, and the case that the investor obtains an arbitration award or judical decision for damages and is unable to enforce it after a specified period. Furthermore, MIGA undertakes a wide range of mediation activities designed to remove obstacles to the flow of foreign direct investment in its developing member countries.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.299-305
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• 2021

This study is a case study for revitalizing services of integrated online and offline stores in the non-face-to-face era. The retail apocalypse crisis has deepened due to COVID-19, and to overcome this, the physital strategy of providing online experiences to offline stores is attracting attention. However, the response of domestic retailers is at an early stage, and strategic research is needed to improve consumer access and revitalize offline stores. Three strategies were identified through theoretical considerations according to technological development, and four strategies were summarized by investigating and analyzing domestic and foreign precedents. By categorizing the derived strategies, three core strategies were presented in conclusion. This study is a study based on literature and case studies, and is expected to be helpful in establishing strategic basic data for revitalizing online and offline integrated stores in the future.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.249-265
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• 2014

The international mobile roaming service has been provided for more than one decade, but high price of international mobile roaming service, which is represented as 'bill shock' is still of major concern in lots of countries including Korea. With understanding of the given price issues, the international organizations, such as OECD, EU, WTO, ITU have been conducting extensive analyses and studies to find suitable solutions and appropriate measures. In the case of EU regulate the international roaming charges and implement the regulation policy. OECD do not have a compelling regulation on roaming charges, but OECD request to member state to find the reasons of high roaming charges and its solution. WTO Council for Trade in Services is reviewing the international mobile roaming in terms of whether impede international trade in services. The purpose of this study is to review many different approaches in international organizations related to reducing international roaming service charges, to drive some regulatory policy directions for reducing roaming charges.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1226-1236
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• 2022

Because students majoring in construction-related fields must develop a broad repository of knowledge and skills, effective transferal of these is the primary focus of most academic programs. While inculcation of this body of knowledge is certainly critical, actual construction projects are complicated ventures that involve levels of risk and uncertainty, such as resistant neighboring communities, unforeseen weather conditions, escalating material costs, labor shortages and strikes, accidents on jobsites, challenges with emerging forms of technology, etc. Learning how to develop a level of discernment about potential ways to handle such uncertainty often takes years of costly trial-and-error in the proverbial "school of hard knocks." There is therefore a need to proactively expedite the development of a sharpened intuition when making decisions. The AGC Education and Research Foundation case study committee was formed to address this need. Since its inception in 2011, 14 freely downloadable case studies have thus far been jointly developed by an academics and industry practitioners to help educators elicit varied responses from students about potential ways to respond when facing an actual project dilemma. AGC case studies are typically designed to focus on a particular concern and topics have thus far included: ethics, site logistics planning, financial management, prefabrication and modularization, safety, lean practices, preconstruction planning, subcontractor management, collaborative teamwork, sustainable construction, mobile technology, and building information modeling (BIM). This session will include an overview of the history and intent of the AGC case study program, as well as lively interactive demonstrations and discussions on how case studies can be used both by educators within a typical academic setting, as well as by industry practitioners seeking a novel tool for their in-house training programs.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2023

Objectives This study aimed to investigate trends in domestic and international clinical approaches to the Korean medicine treatment of rotator cuff calcific tendinitis and to suggest future research directions. Methods We utilized nine electronic databases to identify domestic and international studies on Korean medicine treatment for rotator cuff calcific tendinitis. By analyzing the title, abstract, and main text, studies concerning Korean medicine treatment of rotator cuff tendinitis were included. Results Among the searched for studies, fourteen studies met our criteria. Eight of these were case reports and six were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Across the studies, five treatment methods were employed, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, physical therapy, cupping therapy, and moxibustion. Acupuncture, used in all fourteen studies, was the most frequently utilized intervention. Thirteen evaluation tools were used to measure the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment, and all studies reported positive outcomes. Conclusions We identified current trends in clinical approaches of Korean medicine treatment for rotator cuff calcific tendinitis and assessed the effectiveness of such treatment. However, further studies are warranted to establish a basis for Korean medicine treatment for rotator cuff calcific tendinitis.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.37-53
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• 2020

This study aims to provide the implications of research development by comparing domestic and international studies conducted on the subject of FTA. To this end, among the papers written during the period from 2000 to July 23, 2020, papers whose title is searched by FTA (Free Trade Agreement) were selected as research data. In the case of domestic research, 1,944 searches from the Korean Citation Index (KCI) and 970 from the Web of Science and SCOPUS were selected for international research, and the research trend was analyzed through keywords and abstracts. Frequency analysis and word embedding (Word2vec) were used to analyze the data and visualized using t-SNE and Scattertext. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, in the top 30 keywords of domestic and international research, 16 out of 30 were found to be the same. In domestic research, many studies have been conducted to analyze the outcomes or expected effects of countries that have concluded or discussed FTAs with Korea, on the other hand there are diverse range of study subjects in international research. Second, in the word embedding analysis, t-SNE was used to visually represent the research connection of the top 60 keywords. Finally, Scattertext was used to visually indicate which keywords were frequently used in studies from 2000 to 2010, and from 2011 to 2020. This study is the first to draw implications for academic development through abstract and keyword analysis by applying various text mining approaches to the FTA related research papers. Further in-depth research is needed, including collecting a variety of FTA related text data, comparing and analyzing FTA studies in different countries.